写在前面
记录和分享使用二进制搭建K8S集群的详细过程，由于操作比较冗长，大概会分四篇写完：
我们已经知道在K8S的Master上存在着kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler三大组件。本篇介绍在Master机器安装这些组件，除此之外，如果想在Master机器上操作集群，还需要安装kubectl工具。
安装kubectl
kubernetes的安装包里已经将kubectl包含进去了，部署很简单：
cd /root/kubernetes/resources/
tar -zxvf ./kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cp kubernetes/server/bin/kubectl /usr/bin
kubectl api-versions
制作kubernetes证书
mkdir /root/kubernetes/resources/cert/kubernetes /etc/kubernetes/{ssl,bin} -p
cp kubernetes/server/bin/kube-apiserver kubernetes/server/bin/kube-controller-manager kubernetes/server/bin/kube-scheduler /etc/kubernetes/bin
cd /root/kubernetes/resources/cert/kubernetes
接下来都在Master机器上执行，编辑ca-config.json
vim ca-config.json
写入文件内容如下：
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"kubernetes": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
编辑ca-csr.json：
vim ca-csr.json
写入文件内容如下：
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Hunan",
"ST": "Changsha",
"O": "kubernetes",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
生成ca证书和密钥：
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca
制作kube-apiserver、kube-proxy、admin证书，编辑kube-apiserver-csr.json：
vim kube-apiserver-csr.json
写入文件内容如下：
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"hosts": [
"10.0.0.1",
"127.0.0.1",
"kubernetes",
"kubernetes.default",
"kubernetes.default.svc",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local",
"192.168.115.131",
"192.168.115.132",
"192.168.115.133"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Hunan",
"ST": "Changsha",
"O": "kubernetes",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
编辑kube-proxy-csr.json：
vim kube-proxy-csr.json
写入文件内容如下：
{
"CN": "system:kube-proxy",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Hunan",
"ST": "Changsha",
"O": "kubernetes",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
编辑admin-csr.json：
vim admin-csr.json
写入文件内容如下：
{
"CN": "admin",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Hunan",
"ST": "Changsha",
"O": "system:masters",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
生成证书和密钥
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-apiserver-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-apiserver
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin
# 此时目录下生成的文件
ll
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1001 May 28 00:32 admin.csr
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 282 May 28 00:32 admin-csr.json
-rw-------. 1 root root 1679 May 28 00:32 admin-key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1407 May 28 00:32 admin.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 294 May 28 00:30 ca-config.json
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1013 May 28 00:31 ca.csr
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 284 May 28 00:30 ca-csr.json
-rw-------. 1 root root 1675 May 28 00:31 ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1383 May 28 00:31 ca.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1273 May 28 00:32 kube-apiserver.csr
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 597 May 28 00:31 kube-apiserver-csr.json
-rw-------. 1 root root 1679 May 28 00:32 kube-apiserver-key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1655 May 28 00:32 kube-apiserver.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1009 May 28 00:32 kube-proxy.csr
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 287 May 28 00:31 kube-proxy-csr.json
-rw-------. 1 root root 1679 May 28 00:32 kube-proxy-key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1411 May 28 00:32 kube-proxy.pem
将kube-proxy证书拷贝到Node：
前提，需要在Node机器创建目录，以下命令在Node机器上执行：
mkdir /etc/kubernetes/ -p
然后再在Master机器执行拷贝操作。
cp ca.pem ca-key.pem kube-apiserver.pem kube-apiserver-key.pem kube-proxy.pem kube-proxy-key.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl
scp -r /etc/kubernetes/ssl 192.168.115.132:/etc/kubernetes
scp -r /etc/kubernetes/ssl 192.168.115.133:/etc/kubernetes
创建TLSBootstrapping Token
cd /etc/kubernetes
head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ‘ ‘
# 执行上一步会得到一个token，例如d5c5d767b64db39db132b433e9c45fbc，编辑文件token.csv时需要
vim token.csv
写入文件内容，替换生成的token
d5c5d767b64db39db132b433e9c45fbc,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:node-bootstrapper"
安装kube-apiserver
准备kube-apiserver配置文件
vim apiserver
执行上行命令，写入文件内容如下：
KUBE_API_ARGS="--logtostderr=false --v=2 --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes --etcd-servers=https://192.168.115.131:2379,https://192.168.115.132:2379,https://192.168.115.133:2379 --bind-address=192.168.115.131 --secure-port=6443 --advertise-address=192.168.115.131 --allow-privileged=true --service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction --authorization-mode=RBAC,Node --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true --token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem --etcd-cafile=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --etcd-certfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/server.pem --etcd-keyfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --audit-log-maxbackup=3 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --audit-log-path=/var/logs/kubernetes/k8s-audit.log"
准备kube-apiserver服务配置文件
vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service
执行上行命令，写入文件内容如下：
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=etcd.service
Wants=etcd.service
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/etc/kubernetes/apiserver
ExecStart=/etc/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver $KUBE_API_ARGS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
启动kube-apiserver:
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-apiserver
systemctl enable kube-apiserver
systemctl status kube-apiserver
安装kube-controller-manager
准备kube-controller-manger配置文件
vim controller-manager
执行上行命令，写入文件内容如下：
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_ARGS="--logtostderr=false --v=2 --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes --leader-elect=true --master=127.0.0.1:8080 --bind-address=127.0.0.1 --allocate-node-cidrs=true --cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 --cluster-signing-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --cluster-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem --root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem --experimental-cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s"
准备kube-controller-manger服务配置文件
vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service
执行上行命令，写入文件内容如下：
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=kube-apiserver.service
Requires=kube-apiserver.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager
ExecStart=/etc/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_ARGS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
启动kube-controller-manager:
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-controller-manager
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
systemctl status kube-controller-manager
安装kube-scheduler
准备kube-scheduler配置文件
vim scheduler
执行上行命令，写入文件内容如下：
KUBE_SCHEDULER_ARGS="--logtostderr=false --v=2 --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes --master=127.0.0.1:8080 --leader-elect --bind-address=127.0.0.1"
准备kube-scheduler服务配置文件
vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service
执行上行命令，写入文件内容如下：
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=kube-apiserver.service
Requires=kube-apiserver.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler
ExecStart=/etc/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_ARGS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
启动kube-scheduler:
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-scheduler
systemctl enable kube-scheduler
systemctl status kube-scheduler
kubelet-bootstrap授权
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper --user=kubelet-bootstrap
查看Master状态
kubectl get cs
如果Master部署成功，应该输出：
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
scheduler Healthy ok
controller-manager Healthy ok
etcd-2 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
apiserver授权kubelet
准备apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml文件
cd /root/kubernetes/resources
vim apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml
执行上行命令，写入文件内容如下：
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
annotations:
rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
labels:
kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/proxy
- nodes/stats
- nodes/log
- nodes/spec
- nodes/metrics
- pods/log
verbs:
- "*"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: system:kube-apiserver
namespace: ""
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
subjects:
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: User
name: kubernetes
# This role allows full access to the kubelet API
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
name: kubelet-api-admin
labels:
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/proxy
- nodes/log
- nodes/stats
- nodes/metrics
- nodes/spec
verbs:
- "*"
# This binding gives the kube-apiserver user full access to the kubelet API
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: kube-apiserver-kubelet-api-admin
labels:
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: kubelet-api-admin
subjects:
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: User
name: kube-apiserver
执行以下命令：
kubectl apply -f apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml
第三段落部署Master顺利结束。