今天实现用python实现自动访问12306网站并抢票
准确工作
1.下载Chrome 驱动，需要与chrome版本保持一致
如何查看chrome浏览器版本-百度经验 (baidu.com)
2.下载代码中的相关包，主要selenuim、splinter
注意事项：sleep设置时注意爬取速度限制，chrome版本与驱动器版本需要保持一致,由于12306图片验证码复杂，登录时需要手动选择验证图片。
如何查看城市的编码？在网页中输入出发和到达城市后，通过F12 功能查看Cookie中的值，构建城市列表，作为参数输入
参考代码如下：12306网站如果变化，那么部分代码需要改动，需要F12查看html结构。
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on Wed Apr 14 17:39:54 2021
@author: memeng
"""
"""
通过splinter刷12306火车票
可以自动填充账号密码，同时，在登录时，也可以修改账号密码
然后手动识别验证码，并登陆，接下来的事情，交由脚本来做了，静静的等待抢票结果就好（刷票过程中，浏览器不可关闭）
"""
from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select
import re
from splinter.browser import Browser
from time import sleep
import sys
import httplib2
from urllib import parse
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
class BrushTicket(object):
"""买票类及实现方法"""
def __init__(self, user_name, password, passengers, from_time, from_station, to_station, number, seat_type, receiver_mobile, receiver_email):
"""定义实例属性，初始化"""
# 1206账号密码
self.user_name = user_name
self.password = password
# 乘客姓名
self.passengers = passengers
# 起始站和终点站
self.from_station = from_station
self.to_station = to_station
# 乘车日期
self.from_time = from_time
# 车次编号
self.number = number.capitalize()
# 座位类型所在td位置
if seat_type == '商务座特等座':
seat_type_index = 1
seat_type_value = 9
elif seat_type == '一等座':
seat_type_index = 2
seat_type_value = 'M'
elif seat_type == '二等座':
seat_type_index = 3
seat_type_value = 'O'
elif seat_type == '高级软卧':
seat_type_index = 4
seat_type_value = 6
elif seat_type == '软卧':
seat_type_index = 5
seat_type_value = 4
elif seat_type == '动卧':
seat_type_index = 6
seat_type_value = 'F'
elif seat_type == '硬卧':
seat_type_index = 7
seat_type_value = 3
elif seat_type == '软座':
seat_type_index = 8
seat_type_value = 2
elif seat_type == '硬座':
seat_type_index = 9
seat_type_value = 1
elif seat_type == '无座':
seat_type_index = 10
seat_type_value = 1
elif seat_type == '其他':
seat_type_index = 11
seat_type_value = 1
else:
seat_type_index = 7
seat_type_value = 3
self.seat_type_index = seat_type_index
self.seat_type_value = seat_type_value
# 通知信息
self.receiver_mobile = receiver_mobile
self.receiver_email = receiver_email
# 主要页面网址
self.login_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/login.html'
self.init_my_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/view/index.html'
self.ticket_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init'
# 浏览器驱动信息，驱动下载页：https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/chromedriver/downloads
self.driver_name = 'chrome'
self.executable_path = r'C:\Users\memeng\chromedriver.exe'
def do_login(self):
"""登录功能实现，手动识别验证码进行登录"""
self.driver.visit(self.login_url)
sleep(1)
self.driver.find_by_css("li.login-hd-account").click()
# find_element_by_link_text
self.driver.find_by_id('J-userName').fill( self.user_name)
self.driver.find_by_id('J-password').fill(self.password)
print('请输入验证码……')
while True:
if self.driver.url != self.init_my_url:
sleep(1)
else:
break
def start_brush(self):
"""买票功能实现"""
self.driver = Browser(driver_name=self.driver_name, executable_path=self.executable_path)
# 浏览器窗口的大小
self.driver.driver.set_window_size(900, 700)
self.do_login()
print('登录成功')
self.driver.visit(self.ticket_url)
try:
print('开始刷票……')
# 加载车票查询信息
self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_fromStation": self.from_station})
self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_toStation": self.to_station})
self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_fromDate": self.from_time})
self.driver.reload()
count = 0
print('ok')
self.driver.find_by_id('qd_closeDefaultWarningWindowDialog_id').click()
while self.driver.url.split('?')[0] == self.ticket_url:
self.driver.find_by_id('query_ticket').click()
sleep(1)
count += 1
print('第%d次点击查询……' % count)
try:
# car_no_location = self.driver.find_by_id("queryLeftTable")[0].find_by_tag('tr')
# for i in range(9):
# print(car_no_location[i].text.split('\n'))
car_no_location = self.driver.
find_by_id("queryLeftTable")[0].find_by_id('ticket_2400000K2123_01_29') #指定了车次，用于测试
#6是硬卧
if car_no_location.text.split('\n')[7].split(' ')[7]=='--' or car_no_location.text.split('\n')[7].split(' ')[7]=='无':
print('无此座位类型出售，已结束当前刷票，请重新开启！')
continue
else:
# 有票，尝试预订
print('刷到票了')
car_no_location.find_by_css('td.no-br>a')[0].click()
sleep(1)
key_value = 1
for p in self.passengers:
# 选择用户
print('开始选择类型')
self.driver.find_by_xpath('//*[@id="ticketType_1"]/option[@value="1"]').click()
print('开始选择用户……')
self.driver.find_by_text(p).last.click()
#选择票种
print('开始选择席别……')
if self.seat_type_value != 0:
self.driver.find_by_xpath('//*[@id="seatType_1"]/option[@value="3"]').click()
key_value += 1
sleep(0.5)
if p[-1] == ')':
self.driver.find_by_id('dialog_xsertcj_ok').click()
print('正在提交订单……')
self.driver.find_by_id('submitOrder_id').click()
sleep(2)
# 查看放回结果是否正常
submit_false_info = self.driver.find_by_id('check_ticket_tit_id')[0].text
if submit_false_info != '':
print(submit_false_info)
self.driver.find_by_id('qr_closeTranforDialog_id').click()
sleep(0.2)
self.driver.find_by_id('preStep_id').click()
sleep(0.3)
continue
print('正在确认订单……')
self.driver.find_by_id('qr_submit_id').click()
print('预订成功，请及时前往支付……')
break
# 发送通知信息
# self.send_mail(self.receiver_email, '恭喜您，抢到票了，请及时前往12306支付订单！')
self.send_sms(self.receiver_mobile, '您的验证码是：8888。请不要把验证码泄露给其他人。')
except Exception as error_info:
print(error_info)
except Exception as error_info:
print(error_info)
def send_sms(self, mobile, sms_info):
"""发送手机通知短信，用的是-互亿无线-的测试短信"""
host = "106.ihuyi.com"
sms_send_uri = "/webservice/sms.php?method=Submit"
account = "C59782899"
pass_word = "19d4d9c0796532c7328e8b82e2812655"
params = parse.urlencode(
{'account': account, 'password': pass_word, 'content': sms_info, 'mobile': mobile, 'format': 'json'}
)
headers = {"Content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", "Accept": "text/plain"}
conn = httplib2.HTTPConnectionWithTimeout(host, port=80, timeout=30)
conn.request("POST", sms_send_uri, params, headers)
response = conn.getresponse()
response_str = response.read()
conn.close()
return response_str
def send_mail(self, receiver_address, content):
"""发送邮件通知"""
# 连接邮箱服务器信息
host = 'smtp.163.com'
port = 25
sender = '******@163.com' # 你的发件邮箱号码
pwd = '******' # 不是登陆密码，是客户端授权密码
# 发件信息
receiver = receiver_address
body = '<h2>温馨提醒：</h2><p>' + content + '</p>'
msg = MIMEText(body, 'html', _charset="utf-8")
msg['subject'] = '抢票成功通知！'
msg['from'] = sender
msg['to'] = receiver
s = smtplib.SMTP(host, port)
# 开始登陆邮箱，并发送邮件
s.login(sender, pwd)
s.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 12306用户名
user_name = input('请输入12306用户名：')
while user_name == '':
user_name = input('12306用户名不能为空，请重新输入：')
# 12306登陆密码
password = input('请输入12306登陆密码：')
while password == '':
password = input('12306登陆密码不能为空，请重新输入：')
# 乘客姓名
passengers_input =input('请输入乘车人姓名，多人用英文逗号“,”连接，（例如单人“张三”或者多人“张三,李四”）：')
passengers = passengers_input.split(",")
while passengers_input == '' or len(passengers) > 4:
print('乘车人最少1位，最多4位！')
passengers_input = input('请重新输入乘车人姓名，多人用英文逗号“,”连接，（例如单人“张三”或者多人“张三,李四”）：')
passengers = passengers_input.split(",")
# 乘车日期
from_time = input('请输入乘车日期（例如“2018-08-08”）：')
date_pattern = re.compile(r'^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}$')
while from_time == '' or re.findall(date_pattern, from_time) == []:
from_time = input('乘车日期不能为空或者时间格式不正确，请重新输入：')
# 城市cookie字典 通过搜索几个城市查看对应的cookie值得出
city_list = {
'bj': '%u5317%u4EAC%2CBJP', # 北京
'hd': '%u5929%u6D25%2CTJP', # 邯郸
'nn': '%u5357%u5B81%2CNNZ', # 南宁
'wh': '%u6B66%u6C49%2CWHN', # 武汉
'cs': '%u957F%u6C99%2CCSQ', # 长沙
'ty': '%u592A%u539F%2CTYV', # 太原
'yc': '%u8FD0%u57CE%2CYNV', # 运城
'gzn': '%u5E7F%u5DDE%u5357%2CIZQ', # 广州南
'wzn': '%u68A7%u5DDE%u5357%2CWBZ', # 梧州南
'sh':'%u4E0A%u6D77%2CSHH',#上海
'zz':'%u90D1%u5DDE%2CZZF', #郑州
'jn':'%u6D4E%u5357%2CJNK', #济南
'cl':'%u660C%u4E50%2CCLK' #昌乐
}
# 出发站
from_input = input('请输入出发站，只需要输入首字母就行（例如北京“bj”）：')
while from_input not in city_list.keys():
from_input = input('出发站不能为空或不支持当前出发站（如有需要，请联系管理员！），请重新输入：')
from_station = city_list[from_input]
# 终点站
to_input = input('请输入终点站，只需要输入首字母就行（例如北京“bj”）：')
while to_input not in city_list.keys():
to_input = input('终点站不能为空或不支持当前终点站（如有需要，请联系管理员！），请重新输入：')
to_station = city_list[to_input]
# 车次编号
number = input('请输入车次号（例如“G110”）：')
while number == '':
number = input('车次号不能为空，请重新输入：')
# 座位类型
seat_type = input('请输入座位类型（例如“软卧”）：')
while seat_type == '':
seat_type = input('座位类型不能为空，请重新输入：')
# 抢票成功，通知该手机号码
receiver_mobile = input('请预留一个手机号码，方便抢到票后进行通知（例如：18888888888）：')
mobile_pattern = re.compile(r'^1{1}\d{10}$')
while receiver_mobile == '' or re.findall(mobile_pattern, receiver_mobile) == []:
receiver_mobile = input('预留手机号码不能为空或者格式不正确，请重新输入：')
receiver_email = input('请预留一个邮箱，方便抢到票后进行通知（例如：test@163.com）：')
while receiver_email == '':
receiver_email = input('预留邮箱不能为空，请重新输入：')
# 开始抢票
ticket = BrushTicket(user_name, password, passengers, from_time, from_station, to_station, number, seat_type, receiver_mobile, receiver_email)
ticket.start_brush()