我们经常会有这样的需求或者想法:动态的生成或者修改代码。当然,我们可以把代码看成字符串而直接修改,但是这种做法也未免太生硬了,能解决的问题有限;而另一个方式就是CodeDom。
CodeDom是强大的!我们感谢微软,给我们提供了强大的描述面向对象语言的框架;我们感谢微软,给我们提供了能够根据CodeDom生成代码或者程序集的CodeDomProvider;可惜微软没有给我们提供能够从object或者代码生成CodeDom的能力。
关于CodeDom的知识本文不过多涉及、感兴趣的童鞋可以阅读MSDN或者博客园的其它文章学习了解。本系列期望解决的问题就是如何将对象或者代码生成CodeDom。当然,由于微软并没有提供这样的支持,而我也不可能写一个解析C#语言或者VB语言的CodeParser,所以本文提供的方案也能力有限,但愿能够解决你的一部分问题或者给您能学到点知识。
这是本系列的第一篇文章,如何让一个Component对象生成CodeDom。核心思想就是虚拟一个DesignTime的环境,并将Component添加到Designer中,然后使用ComponentTypeCodeDomSerializer将Component序列化成CodeTypeDeclaration。本方案可以在任意程序下执行,不依赖IDE,也不需要引用各种奇怪的dll。
下面就是具体实现:
首先,创建一个WindowsControlLibrary,名叫WindowsControlLibrary1。
然后,添加一个类取名MyComponent1,类中有一个GetSet的属性IntProperty,还有一个设置了背景色的TextBox:
public class MyComponent1 : Component { public MyComponent1() { textBox1 = new TextBox(); textBox1.BackColor = Color.Red; } private int int1; private TextBox textBox1; public int IntProperty { get { return int1; } set { int1 = value; } } public TextBox TextBoxProperty { get { return textBox1; } } }
接着创建另一个WindowsFormsApplication项目:CodeDomSample,并引用System.Design和WindowsControlLibrary1项目(当然,你也可以把WindowsControlLibrary1编译成dll并引用这个dll)
现在,创建我们的核心类CodeTypeConverter,对于具体实现我不做过多的说明,你不必要关心实现的具体细节,只要这个实现能够满足你的需求就行了。如果你有看不明白的地方请提问,我会认真回答。
public class CodeTypeConverter { private IServiceProvider _serviceProvider; private IDesignerHost DesignerHost { get { return this._serviceProvider.GetService(typeof(IDesignerHost)) as IDesignerHost; } } //将Component Load到DesignerHost中并返回 private IComponent LoadComponent(IComponent component) { DesignSurfaceManager manager = new DesignSurfaceManager(); DesignSurface surface = manager.CreateDesignSurface(); surface.BeginLoad(component.GetType()); this._serviceProvider = surface; IComponent newComponent = DesignerHost.RootComponent; //暴力克隆,将component上的所有Field设到newComponent上 FieldInfo[] fields = component.GetType().GetFields(BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.Instance); foreach (FieldInfo field in fields) { object fieldValue = field.GetValue(component); //将所有子Component Load到DesignerHost中 if (fieldValue != null && fieldValue is IComponent) { DesignerHost.Container.Add(fieldValue as IComponent, field.Name); } field.SetValue(newComponent, fieldValue); } return newComponent; } //将DesignerHost中的Component转成CodeType public CodeTypeDeclaration ConvertComponentToCodeType(IComponent component) { component = this.LoadComponent(component) as Component; DesignerSerializationManager manager = new DesignerSerializationManager(this._serviceProvider); //这句Code是必须的,必须要有一个session,DesignerSerializationManager才能工作 IDisposable session = manager.CreateSession(); TypeCodeDomSerializer serializer = manager.GetSerializer(component.GetType(), typeof(TypeCodeDomSerializer)) as TypeCodeDomSerializer; List<object> list = new List<object>(); foreach (IComponent item in this.DesignerHost.Container.Components) { list.Add(item); } CodeTypeDeclaration declaration = serializer.Serialize(manager, component, list); session.Dispose(); return declaration; } }
好了,CodeTypeConverter实现完成。现在在Form1中写一个Test方法测试:
public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); Test(); } public void Test() { CodeTypeConverter designerHost = new CodeTypeConverter(); MyComponent1 component = new MyComponent1(); component.IntProperty = 10; component.TextBoxProperty.Text = "Hello World"; CodeTypeDeclaration componentType = designerHost.ConvertComponentToCodeType(component); componentType.Name = component.GetType().Name + "1"; StringBuilder bulder = new StringBuilder(); StringWriter writer = new StringWriter(bulder, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture); CodeGeneratorOptions option = new CodeGeneratorOptions(); option.BracingStyle = "C"; option.BlankLinesBetweenMembers = false; CSharpCodeProvider codeDomProvider = new CSharpCodeProvider(); codeDomProvider.GenerateCodeFromType(componentType, writer, option); Debug.WriteLine(bulder.ToString()); writer.Close(); }
CodeDomSample跑起来以后,就可以在输出窗口看到如下的输出:
public class MyComponent11 : WindowsControlLibrary1.MyComponent1 { private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox1; private MyComponent11() { this.InitializeComponent(); } private void InitializeComponent() { this.textBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox(); // // textBox1 // this.textBox1.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Red; this.textBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(0, 0); this.textBox1.Name = "textBox1"; this.textBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 20); this.textBox1.TabIndex = 0; this.textBox1.Text = "Hello World"; // // // this.IntProperty = 10; } }
搞定收工。欢迎提问以及拍砖灌水,更欢迎掌声鲜花。