# coding=utf-8

# 多台机器，每台机器有一个显卡、或者多个显卡，这种训练叫做分布式训练

import  tensorflow as tf

# 现在假设我们有A、B、C、D四台机器，首先需要在各台机器上写一份代码，并跑起来，各机器上的代码内容大部分相同

# 除了开始定义的时候，需要各自指定该台机器的task之外。
# 以机器A为例子，A机器上的代码如下：

cluster=tf.train.ClusterSpec({

    "worker": [

        "A_IP:2222",           # 格式 IP地址：端口号，第一台机器A的IP地址 ,在代码中需要用这台机器计算的时候，就要定义：/job:worker/task:0

        "B_IP:1234"            # 第二台机器的IP地址 /job:worker/task:1

        "C_IP:2222"            # 第三台机器的IP地址 /job:worker/task:2

    ],

    "ps": [

        "D_IP:2222",           # 第四台机器的IP地址 对应到代码块：/job:ps/task:0

    ]})

server=tf.train.Server(cluster,job_name='worker',task_index=0)  # 找到‘worker’名字下的，task0，也就是机器A

with tf.device('/job:ps/task:0'):      # 参数定义在机器D上

    w=tf.get_variable('w',(2,2),tf.float32,initializer=tf.constant_initializer(2))

    b=tf.get_variable('b',(2,2),tf.float32,initializer=tf.constant_initializer(5))  

with tf.device('/job:worker/task:0/cpu:0'):     # 在机器A cpu上运行

    addwb=w+b

with tf.device('/job:worker/task:1/cpu:0'):     # 在机器B cpu上运行

    mutwb=w*b

with tf.device('/job:worker/task:2/cpu:0'):     # 在机器C cpu上运行

    divwb=w/b

with tf.device(tf.train.replica_device_setter(worker_device='/job:worker/task:indexi',cluster=cluster)):

# 上面是因为worker计算内容各不相同，不过再深度学习中，一般每个worker的计算内容是一样的，

# 因为都是计算神经网络的每个batch的前向传导，所以一般代码是重用的

import  tensorflow as tf

# 现在假设我们有A、B台机器，首先需要在各台机器上写一份代码，并跑起来，各机器上的代码内容大部分相同

# ，除了开始定义的时候，需要各自指定该台机器的task之外。以机器A为例子，A机器上的代码如下：

cluster=tf.train.ClusterSpec({

    "worker": [

        "192.168.11.105:1234",  # 格式 IP地址：端口号，在代码中需要用这台机器计算的时候，就要定义：/job:worker/task:0

    ],

    "ps": [

        "192.168.11.130:2223"   # 第四台机器的IP地址 对应到代码块：/job:ps/task:0

    ]})  

# 不同的机器，下面这一行代码各不相同，server可以根据job_name、task_index两个参数，查找到集群cluster中对应的机器  

isps=False

if isps:

    server=tf.train.Server(cluster,job_name='ps',task_index=0)  # 找到‘ps’名字下的，task0，也就是机器A

    server.join()

else:

    server=tf.train.Server(cluster,job_name='worker',task_index=0)  # 找到‘worker’名字下的，task0，也就是机器B

    with tf.device(tf.train.replica_device_setter(worker_device='/job:worker/task:0',cluster=cluster)):

        w=tf.get_variable('w',(2,2),tf.float32,initializer=tf.constant_initializer(2))

        b=tf.get_variable('b',(2,2),tf.float32,initializer=tf.constant_initializer(5))

        addwb=w+b

        mutwb=w*b

        divwb=w/b  

saver = tf.train.Saver()

summary_op = tf.merge_all_summaries()

init_op = tf.initialize_all_variables()

sv = tf.train.Supervisor(init_op=init_op, summary_op=summary_op, saver=saver)

with sv.managed_session(server.target) as sess:

    while 1:

        print sess.run([addwb,mutwb,divwb])

# 上面是因为worker计算内容各不相同，不过再深度学习中，一般每个worker的计算内容是一样的，

# 因为都是计算神经网络的每个batch前向传导，所以一般代码是重用的

#coding=utf-8

#多台机器，每台机器有一个显卡、或者多个显卡，这种训练叫做分布式训练

import  tensorflow as tf

# 现在假设我们有A、B、C、D四台机器，首先需要在各台机器上写一份代码，并跑起来，各机器上的代码内容大部分相同

# ，除了开始定义的时候，需要各自指定该台机器的task之外。以机器A为例子，A机器上的代码如下：

cluster=tf.train.ClusterSpec({

    "worker": [

        "192.168.11.105:1234",  # 格式 IP地址：端口号，在代码中需要用这台机器计算的时候，就要定义：/job:worker/task:0

    ],

    "ps": [

        "192.168.11.130:2223"   # 第四台机器的IP地址 对应到代码块：/job:ps/task:0

    ]})  

# 不同的机器，下面这一行代码各不相同，server可以根据job_name、task_index两个参数，查找到集群cluster中对应的机器  

isps=True

if isps:

    server=tf.train.Server(cluster,job_name='ps',task_index=0)  # 找到‘ps’名字下的，task0，也就是机器A

    server.join()

else:

    server=tf.train.Server(cluster,job_name='worker',task_index=0)  # 找到‘worker’名字下的，task0，也就是机器B

    with tf.device(tf.train.replica_device_setter(worker_device='/job:worker/task:0',cluster=cluster)):

        w=tf.get_variable('w',(2,2),tf.float32,initializer=tf.constant_initializer(2))

        b=tf.get_variable('b',(2,2),tf.float32,initializer=tf.constant_initializer(5))

        addwb=w+b

        mutwb=w*b

        divwb=w/b  

saver = tf.train.Saver()

summary_op = tf.merge_all_summaries()

init_op = tf.initialize_all_variables()

sv = tf.train.Supervisor(init_op=init_op, summary_op=summary_op, saver=saver)

with sv.managed_session(server.target) as sess:  

    while 1:

        print sess.run([addwb,mutwb,divwb])

# Copyright 2016 The TensorFlow Authors. All Rights Reserved.

#

# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

# You may obtain a copy of the License at

#

#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

#

# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

# limitations under the License.

# ==============================================================================

"""Distributed MNIST training and validation, with model replicas.

A simple softmax model with one hidden layer is defined. The parameters

(weights and biases) are located on one parameter server (ps), while the ops

are executed on two worker nodes by default. The TF sessions also run on the

worker node.

Multiple invocations of this script can be done in parallel, with different

values for --task_index. There should be exactly one invocation with

--task_index, which will create a master session that carries out variable

initialization. The other, non-master, sessions will wait for the master

session to finish the initialization before proceeding to the training stage.

The coordination between the multiple worker invocations occurs due to

the definition of the parameters on the same ps devices. The parameter updates

from one worker is visible to all other workers. As such, the workers can

perform forward computation and gradient calculation in parallel, which

should lead to increased training speed for the simple model.

"""

from __future__ import absolute_import

from __future__ import division

from __future__ import print_function

import math

import sys

import tempfile

import time

import tensorflow as tf

from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data

flags = tf.app.flags

flags.DEFINE_string("data_dir", "/tmp/mnist-data",

                    "Directory for storing mnist data")

flags.DEFINE_boolean("download_only", False,

                     "Only perform downloading of data; Do not proceed to "

                     "session preparation, model definition or training")

flags.DEFINE_integer("task_index", None,

                     "Worker task index, should be >= 0. task_index=0 is "

                     "the master worker task the performs the variable "

                     "initialization ")

flags.DEFINE_integer("num_gpus", 1, "Total number of gpus for each machine."

                     "If you don't use GPU, please set it to '0'")

flags.DEFINE_integer("replicas_to_aggregate", None,

                     "Number of replicas to aggregate before parameter update "

                     "is applied (For sync_replicas mode only; default: "

                     "num_workers)")

flags.DEFINE_integer("hidden_units", 100,

                     "Number of units in the hidden layer of the NN")

flags.DEFINE_integer("train_steps", 200,

                     "Number of (global) training steps to perform")

flags.DEFINE_integer("batch_size", 100, "Training batch size")

flags.DEFINE_float("learning_rate", 0.01, "Learning rate")

flags.DEFINE_boolean(

    "sync_replicas", False,

    "Use the sync_replicas (synchronized replicas) mode, "

    "wherein the parameter updates from workers are aggregated "

    "before applied to avoid stale gradients")

flags.DEFINE_boolean(

    "existing_servers", False, "Whether servers already exists. If True, "

    "will use the worker hosts via their GRPC URLs (one client process "

    "per worker host). Otherwise, will create an in-process TensorFlow "

    "server.")

flags.DEFINE_string("ps_hosts", "localhost:2222",

                    "Comma-separated list of hostname:port pairs")

flags.DEFINE_string("worker_hosts", "localhost:2223,localhost:2224",

                    "Comma-separated list of hostname:port pairs")

flags.DEFINE_string("job_name", None, "job name: worker or ps")

FLAGS = flags.FLAGS

IMAGE_PIXELS = 28

def main(unused_argv):

  mnist = input_data.read_data_sets(FLAGS.data_dir, one_hot=True)

  if FLAGS.download_only:

    sys.exit(0)

  if FLAGS.job_name is None or FLAGS.job_name == "":

    raise ValueError("Must specify an explicit `job_name`")

  if FLAGS.task_index is None or FLAGS.task_index == "":

    raise ValueError("Must specify an explicit `task_index`")

  print("job name = %s" % FLAGS.job_name)

  print("task index = %d" % FLAGS.task_index)

  # 解析集群参数

  # ps作业的ip端口，可以有多个ps作业，之间用逗号分割

  ps_spec = FLAGS.ps_hosts.split(",")

  # worker作业的ip端口，可以有多个worker作业，之间用逗号分割

  worker_spec = FLAGS.worker_hosts.split(",")

  # Get the number of workers.

  num_workers = len(worker_spec)

  # 分布式集群对象，字典形式接收作业类型对应的任务主机&端口

  cluster = tf.train.ClusterSpec({"ps": ps_spec, "worker": worker_spec})

  if not FLAGS.existing_servers:

    # Not using existing servers. Create an in-process server.

    # 任务内部服务器（ps或者worker的上层抽象）的抽象对象，接收集群对象，接收当前任务信息

    server = tf.train.Server(

        cluster, job_name=FLAGS.job_name, task_index=FLAGS.task_index)

    # 如果本次程序运行于ps任务，则启动监听（join持续等待，不会返回）

    if FLAGS.job_name == "ps":

      server.join()

  # 选择本任务所处GPU

  if FLAGS.num_gpus > 0:

    # Avoid gpu allocation conflict: now allocate task_num -> #gpu

    # for each worker in the corresponding machine

    gpu = (FLAGS.task_index % FLAGS.num_gpus)

    worker_device = "/job:worker/task:%d/gpu:%d" % (FLAGS.task_index, gpu)

  elif FLAGS.num_gpus == 0:

    # Just allocate the CPU to worker server

    cpu = 0

    worker_device = "/job:worker/task:%d/cpu:%d" % (FLAGS.task_index, cpu)

  """ 构建网络 """

  # The device setter will automatically place Variables ops on separate

  # parameter servers (ps). The non-Variable ops will be placed on the workers.

  # The ps use CPU and workers use corresponding GPU

  # 设备设定器将自动将变量OPS放置在单独的参数服务器（PS）上。不可变的OPS将放在worker身上。

  with tf.device(

      # 设备放置器，可以返回被tf.device接受的设备名称

      tf.train.replica_device_setter(

          worker_device=worker_device,

          ps_device="/job:ps/cpu:0",

          cluster=cluster)):

    global_step = tf.Variable(0, name="global_step", trainable=False)

    # Variables of the hidden layer

    hid_w = tf.Variable(

        tf.truncated_normal(

            [IMAGE_PIXELS * IMAGE_PIXELS, FLAGS.hidden_units],

            stddev=1.0 / IMAGE_PIXELS),

        name="hid_w")

    hid_b = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([FLAGS.hidden_units]), name="hid_b")

    # Variables of the softmax layer

    sm_w = tf.Variable(

        tf.truncated_normal(

            [FLAGS.hidden_units, 10],

            stddev=1.0 / math.sqrt(FLAGS.hidden_units)),

        name="sm_w")

    sm_b = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([10]), name="sm_b")

    # Ops: located on the worker specified with FLAGS.task_index

    x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, IMAGE_PIXELS * IMAGE_PIXELS])

    y_ = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, 10])

    hid_lin = tf.nn.xw_plus_b(x, hid_w, hid_b)

    hid = tf.nn.relu(hid_lin)

    y = tf.nn.softmax(tf.nn.xw_plus_b(hid, sm_w, sm_b))

    cross_entropy = -tf.reduce_sum(y_ * tf.log(tf.clip_by_value(y, 1e-10, 1.0)))

    opt = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(FLAGS.learning_rate)

    # 如果使用同步训练机制

    if FLAGS.sync_replicas:

      # 如果并行副本数(期望)没有指定

      if FLAGS.replicas_to_aggregate is None:

        # 勒令并行数等于worker数

        replicas_to_aggregate = num_workers

      else:

        # 用户指定了就用指定的

        replicas_to_aggregate = FLAGS.replicas_to_aggregate

      # 同步优化器，接收本地优化器

      opt = tf.train.SyncReplicasOptimizer(

          opt,

          replicas_to_aggregate=replicas_to_aggregate,

          total_num_replicas=num_workers,

          name="mnist_sync_replicas")

    # 优化器或者同步优化器单步优化节点（注意此句在if外）

    train_step = opt.minimize(cross_entropy, global_step=global_step)

    # 如果是worker，则编号0的worker设置为chief worker

    is_chief = (FLAGS.task_index == 0)

    # 同步训练机制下的初始化操作

    if FLAGS.sync_replicas:

      # local_step初始化（chief_worker会改写此句，所以实际上本句针对非chief_worker）

      local_init_op = opt.local_step_init_op

      if is_chief:

        # chief_worker使用的时global_step，也需要初始化

        local_init_op = opt.chief_init_op

      # 为未初始化的Variable初始化

      ready_for_local_init_op = opt.ready_for_local_init_op

      # Initial token and chief queue runners required by the sync_replicas mode

      # 同步标记队列实例

      chief_queue_runner = opt.get_chief_queue_runner()

      # 同步标记队列初始值设定

      sync_init_op = opt.get_init_tokens_op()

    # 全局变量初始化

    init_op = tf.global_variables_initializer()

    train_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()

    if FLAGS.sync_replicas:

      # 管理同步训练相关操作

      sv = tf.train.Supervisor(

          is_chief=is_chief,

          logdir=train_dir,

          init_op=init_op,

          local_init_op=local_init_op,

          ready_for_local_init_op=ready_for_local_init_op,

          recovery_wait_secs=1,

          global_step=global_step)

    else:

      # 管理异步训练相关操作

      sv = tf.train.Supervisor(

          is_chief=is_chief,

          logdir=train_dir,

          init_op=init_op,

          recovery_wait_secs=1,

          global_step=global_step)

    # 配置分布式会话

    #    没有可用GPU时使用CPU

    #    不打印设备放置信息

    #    过滤未绑定在ps或者worker的操作

    sess_config = tf.ConfigProto(

        allow_soft_placement=True,

        log_device_placement=False,

        device_filters=["/job:ps",

                        "/job:worker/task:%d" % FLAGS.task_index])

    # chief会初始化所有worker的会话，否则等待chief返回会话

    # The chief worker (task_index==0) session will prepare the session,

    # while the remaining workers will wait for the preparation to complete.

    if is_chief:

      print("Worker %d: Initializing session..." % FLAGS.task_index)

    else:

      print("Worker %d: Waiting for session to be initialized..." %

            FLAGS.task_index)

    if FLAGS.existing_servers:

      server_grpc_url = "grpc://" + worker_spec[FLAGS.task_index]

      print("Using existing server at: %s" % server_grpc_url)

      sess = sv.prepare_or_wait_for_session(server_grpc_url, config=sess_config)

    else:

      sess = sv.prepare_or_wait_for_session(server.target, config=sess_config)

    print("Worker %d: Session initialization complete." % FLAGS.task_index)

    # 同步更新模式的chief worker

    if FLAGS.sync_replicas and is_chief:

      # Chief worker will start the chief queue runner and call the init op.

      # 初始化同步标记队列

      sess.run(sync_init_op)

      # 启动相关线程，运行各自服务

      sv.start_queue_runners(sess, [chief_queue_runner])

    # Perform training

    time_begin = time.time()

    print("Training begins @ %f" % time_begin)

    local_step = 0

    while True:

      # Training feed

      batch_xs, batch_ys = mnist.train.next_batch(FLAGS.batch_size)

      train_feed = {x: batch_xs, y_: batch_ys}

      _, step = sess.run([train_step, global_step], feed_dict=train_feed)

      local_step += 1

      now = time.time()

      print("%f: Worker %d: training step %d done (global step: %d)" %

            (now, FLAGS.task_index, local_step, step))

      if step >= FLAGS.train_steps:

        break

    time_end = time.time()

    print("Training ends @ %f" % time_end)

    training_time = time_end - time_begin

    print("Training elapsed time: %f s" % training_time)

    # Validation feed

    val_feed = {x: mnist.validation.images, y_: mnist.validation.labels}

    val_xent = sess.run(cross_entropy, feed_dict=val_feed)

    print("After %d training step(s), validation cross entropy = %g" %

          (FLAGS.train_steps, val_xent))

if __name__ == "__main__":

  tf.app.run()