快速实例
序列化
开篇介绍：
---- 一切皆是资源,操作只是请求方式
----book表增删改查
/books/ books
/books/add/ addbook
/books/(\d+)/change/ changebook
/books/(\d+)/delete/ delbook
----book表增删改查
/books/ -----get books ----- 返回当前所有数据
/books/ -----post books ----- 返回提交数据
/books/(\d+)-----get bookdetail ----- 返回当前查看的单条数据
/books/(\d+)-----put bookdetail ----- 返回更新数据
/books/(\d+)-----delete bookdetail ----- 返回空
class Books(View):
def get(self,request):
pass # 查看所有书籍
def post(self,request)：
pass # 添加书籍
class BooksDetail(View):
def get(self,request,id):
pass # 查看具体书籍
def put(self,request,id):
pass # 更新某本书籍
def delete(self,request,id)：
pass # 删除某本书籍
创建一个序列化类
简单使用
开发我们的Web API的第一件事是为我们的Web API提供一种将代码片段实例序列化和反序列化为诸如json之类的表示形式的方式。我们可以通过声明与Django forms非常相似的序列化器（serializers）来实现。
models部分:
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Book(models.Model):
title=models.CharField(max_length=32)
price=models.IntegerField()
pub_date=models.DateField()
publish=models.ForeignKey("Publish",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
authors=models.ManyToManyField("Author")
def __str__(self):
return self.title class Publish(models.Model):
name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
email=models.EmailField()
def __str__(self):
return self.name class Author(models.Model):
name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
age=models.IntegerField()
def __str__(self):
return self.name
views部分：
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
import json
from django.views import View
from .models import *
from app01.serialize import *
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework import serializers #这是rest_framework的序列化组件 #为queryset（需要加many=True），model对象做序列化
class PublishSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
name =serializers.CharField()
email=serializers.CharField() class PublishView(APIView): def get(self,request):
#取数据
print(request.GET)
publish_list = Publish.objects.all() #序列化
#方式一：
#publish_list=list(Publish.objects.all().values("name","email")) #方式二:
# from django.forms.models import model_to_dict
# publish_list = Publish.objects.all()
# temp=[]
# for obj in publish_list:
# #利用这方法可以将字段和值对应组合成一个字典，一条数据一个字典。
# temp.append(model_to_dict(obj)) #方式三
# from django.core import serializers
# publish_list = Publish.objects.all()
# ret=serializers.serialize("json",publish_list) #方式四（restframework序列化）
ps=PublishSerializers(publish_list,many=True)
return HttpResponse(ps.data)
一对多和多对多字段的序列化:
class BookSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
title = serializers.CharField(max_length=32)
price = serializers.IntegerField()
pub_date = serializers.DateField() publish = serializers.CharField(source="publish.email") # 一对多字段使用source字段处理 # 多对多使用下面字段，并且配一个方法，方法里面可自定义任意东西，可取作者表的名字。
authors = serializers.SerializerMethodField() def get_authors(self, obj):
temp = []
for obj in obj.authors.all():
temp.append(obj.name)
return temp
序列化的过程：
'''
序列化BookSerializers(book_list,many=True)过程:
temp=[]
for obj in book_list:
temp.append({
"title":obj.title,
"price":obj.price,
"pub_date":obj.pub_date,
#"publish":str(publish),
"publish":obj.publish.name,
"authors":get_authors(obj) })
'''
ModelSerializer(类似于ModelForm)：
class PublishModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Publish
fields = "__all__"
提交post请求：
def post(self,request):
#原生request支持的操作
# print(request.POST)
# print(request.body)
# print(type(request))
from django.core.handlers.wsgi import WSGIRequest #新的request支持的操作
print("request_data",request.data) #request_data {'name': 'jesi', 'email': '666@qq.com'}
print("request_data_type",type(request.data)) #request_data_type <class 'dict'> return HttpResponse("POST")
get和post:
class BookView(APIView):
def get(self,request):
book_list=Book.objects.all()
# bs=BookSerializers(book_list,many=True)
bs2=BookModelSerializers(book_list,many=True,context={'request': request})
# return Response(bs.data)
return Response(bs2.data) def post(self,request):
#post请求的数据
bs=BookModelSerializers(data=request.data)
#post请求过来的数据如果通过了校验就创建一条数据，如果没有返回错误信息。
if bs.is_valid():
bs.save()
return Response(bs.data)
else:
return Response(bs.errors)
重写save中的create方法：
# ModelSerializers
class BookModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Book
fields = "__all__"
# publish = serializers.CharField(source="publish.pk") # 一对多字段使用source字段处理
# 因为上面自定制了字段，所以这个添加方法需要重写才可以。
def create(self, validated_data):
print(validated_data)
book = Book.objects.create(title=validated_data["title"], price=validated_data["price"],
pub_date=validated_data["pub_date"], publish_id=validated_data["publish"]["pk"])
book.authors.add(*validated_data["authors"])
return book
整体：
class BookModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Book
fields = "__all__" publish = serializers.CharField(source="publish.pk") # 一对多字段使用source字段处理 #
# #多对多使用下面字段，并且配一个方法，方法里面可自定义任意东西，可取作者表的名字。
# authors=serializers.SerializerMethodField()
# def get_authors(self,obj):
# temp=[]
# for obj in obj.authors.all():
# temp.append(obj.name)
# return temp # 因为上面自定制了字段，所以这个添加方法需要重写才可以。
def create(self, validated_data):
print(validated_data)
book = Book.objects.create(title=validated_data["title"], price=validated_data["price"],
pub_date=validated_data["pub_date"], publish_id=validated_data["publish"]["pk"])
book.authors.add(*validated_data["authors"])
return book
单条数据的get和put请求：
直接通过序列化的实例对象做一个校验，对传入的ID值对应的书籍进行增删改查。
class BookDetailView(APIView):
def get(self,request,id):
#单条数据查看
book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
bs=BookModelSerializers(book,context={'request': request})
return Response(bs.data) def put(self,request,id):
#更新单条数据
book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first() bs = BookModelSerializers(book,request.data)
if bs.is_valid():
bs.save()
return Response(bs.data)
else:
return Response(bs.errors) def delete(self,request,id):
Book.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()
return Response()
超链接API：Hyperlinked
class BookModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Book
fields = "__all__"
publish=serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField(
view_name="publishdetail",
lookup_field="publish_id",
lookup_url_kwarg="id", )
urls部分：
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'publishes/$', views.PublishView.as_view(),name="publish"),
url(r'publishes/(?P<id>\d+)/$', views.PublishDetailView.as_view(),name="publishdetail"),
url(r'books/$', views.BookView.as_view(),name="books"),
url(r'books/(\d+)/$', views.BookDetailView.as_view(),name="bookdetail"),
]
这里有一个点需要注意一下:
class BookView(APIView):
def get(self,request):
book_list=Book.objects.all()
# bs=BookSerializers(book_list,many=True)
bs2=BookModelSerializers(book_list,many=True,context={'request': request})
# return Response(bs.data)
return Response(bs2.data) class BookDetailView(APIView):
def get(self,request,id):
#单条数据查看
book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
bs=BookModelSerializers(book,context={'request': request})
return Response(bs.data)
最后总结：
总结：
1 reuqest类----源码 2 restframework 下的APIView--源码 url(r'^books/$', views.BookView.as_view(),name="books")# View下的view books/一旦被访问： view(request) ------APIView: dispatch() 3 def dispatch(): 构建request对象
self.request=Request(request)
self.request._request
self.request.GET # get
self.request.data # POST PUT 分发----if get请求：
if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:
handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(),
self.http_method_not_allowed)
else:
handler = self.http_method_not_allowed response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs) # self.get(request, *args, **kwargs) return response 4 序列化类
# from django.core import serializers
# ret=serializers.serialize("json",publish_list) restframework下的序列类 BookModelSerializers
将queryset或者model对象序列成一json数据
bs=BookModelSerializers(book_list,many=True,context={'request': request})
bs=BookModelSerializers(book,context={'request': request}) 还可以做校验数据，json-------》queryset/model-->记录 bs=BookModelSerializers(data=request.data)
if bs.is_valid():
print(bs.validated_data)
bs.save() # 重写create方法
5 操作数据： 以Book表为例
class BookView(APIView):
# 查看所有书籍
def get(self,request):
book_list=Book.objects.all()
bs=BookModelSerializers(book_list,many=True,context={'request': request})
return Response(bs.data) # 添加一本书籍
def post(self,request):
# post请求的数据
bs=BookModelSerializers(data=request.data)
if bs.is_valid():
print(bs.validated_data)
bs.save()# create方法
return Response(bs.data)
else:
return Response(bs.errors) class BookDetailView(APIView):
# 查看一本书籍
def get(self,request,id): book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
bs=BookModelSerializers(book,context={'request': request})
return Response(bs.data)
# 更新一本书籍
def put(self,request,id):
book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
bs=BookModelSerializers(book,data=request.data)
if bs.is_valid():
bs.save()
return Response(bs.data)
else:
return Response(bs.errors)
# 删除某一本书籍
def delete(self,request,id):
Book.objects.filter(pk=id).delete() return Response()
代码：
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
import json
from django.views import View
from .models import *
from app01.serialize import *
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response class PublishView(APIView): def get(self,request):
#取数据
print(request.GET)
publish_list = Publish.objects.all() #序列化
#方式一：
#publish_list=list(Publish.objects.all().values("name","email")) #方式二:
# from django.forms.models import model_to_dict
# publish_list = Publish.objects.all()
# temp=[]
# for obj in publish_list:
# #利用这方法可以将字段和值对应组合成一个字典，一条数据一个字典。
# temp.append(model_to_dict(obj)) #方式三
# from django.core import serializers
# publish_list = Publish.objects.all()
# ret=serializers.serialize("json",publish_list) #方式四（restframework序列化）
ps=PublishSerializers(publish_list,many=True)
return HttpResponse(ps.data) def post(self,request):
#原生request支持的操作
# print(request.POST)
# print(request.body)
# print(type(request))
from django.core.handlers.wsgi import WSGIRequest #新的request支持的操作
print("request_data",request.data) #request_data {'name': 'jesi', 'email': '666@qq.com'}
print("request_data_type",type(request.data)) #request_data_type <class 'dict'> return HttpResponse("POST") class PublishDetailView(APIView):
def get(self,request,id):
#单条数据查看
publish=Publish.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
ps=PublishModelSerializers(publish)
return Response(ps.data) def put(self,request,id):
#更新单条数据
publish=Publish.objects.filter(pk=id).first() ps = PublishModelSerializers(publish,request.data)
if ps.is_valid():
ps.save()
return Response(ps.data)
else:
return Response(ps.errors) def delete(self,request,id):
Publish.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()
return Response() class BookView(APIView):
def get(self,request):
book_list=Book.objects.all()
# bs=BookSerializers(book_list,many=True)
bs2=BookModelSerializers(book_list,many=True,context={'request': request})
# return Response(bs.data)
return Response(bs2.data) def post(self,request):
#post请求的数据
bs=BookModelSerializers(data=request.data)
if bs.is_valid():
bs.save()
return Response(bs.data)
else:
return Response(bs.errors) class BookDetailView(APIView):
def get(self,request,id):
#单条数据查看
book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
bs=BookModelSerializers(book,context={'request': request})
return Response(bs.data) def put(self,request,id):
#更新单条数据
book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first() bs = BookModelSerializers(book,request.data)
if bs.is_valid():
bs.save()
return Response(bs.data)
else:
return Response(bs.errors) def delete(self,request,id):
Book.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()
return Response()
serialize.py
# Author:Jesi
# Time : 2018/10/5 11:29
from app01.models import *
from rest_framework import serializers #这是rest_framework的序列化组件
#为queryset（需要加many=True），model对象做序列化
class PublishSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
name =serializers.CharField()
email=serializers.CharField() # Serializers
class BookSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
title = serializers.CharField(max_length=32)
price = serializers.IntegerField()
pub_date = serializers.DateField() publish = serializers.CharField(source="publish.email") # 一对多字段使用source字段处理 # 多对多使用下面字段，并且配一个方法，方法里面可自定义任意东西，可取作者表的名字。
authors = serializers.SerializerMethodField() def get_authors(self, obj):
temp = []
for obj in obj.authors.all():
temp.append(obj.name)
return temp '''
序列化BookSerializers(book_list,many=True)过程:
temp=[]
for obj in book_list:
temp.append({
"title":obj.title,
"price":obj.price,
"pub_date":obj.pub_date,
#"publish":str(publish),
"publish":obj.publish.name,
"authors":get_authors(obj) })
''' class PublishModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Publish
fields = "__all__" # ModelSerializers
class BookModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Book
fields = "__all__"
publish=serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField(
view_name="publishdetail",
lookup_field="publish_id",
lookup_url_kwarg="id", ) # publish = serializers.CharField(source="publish.pk") # 一对多字段使用source字段处理 #
# #多对多使用下面字段，并且配一个方法，方法里面可自定义任意东西，可取作者表的名字。
# authors=serializers.SerializerMethodField()
# def get_authors(self,obj):
# temp=[]
# for obj in obj.authors.all():
# temp.append(obj.name)
# return temp # 因为上面自定制了字段，所以这个添加方法需要重写才可以。
def create(self, validated_data):
print(validated_data)
book = Book.objects.create(title=validated_data["title"], price=validated_data["price"],
pub_date=validated_data["pub_date"], publish_id=validated_data["publish"]["pk"])
book.authors.add(*validated_data["authors"])
return book
urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from django.conf.urls import url
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'publishes/$', views.PublishView.as_view(),name="publish"),
url(r'publishes/(?P<id>\d+)/$', views.PublishDetailView.as_view(),name="publishdetail"),
url(r'books/$', views.BookView.as_view(),name="books"),
url(r'books/(\d+)/$', views.BookDetailView.as_view(),name="bookdetail"),
]