作为命令行忠有用户，server端软件的运维都倾向于使用命令或 脚本完毕，非常讨厌资源占用非常大的GUI。Oracle数据库作为重要的server端软件。其安装运维自然也全然支持纯命令行方式。虽然同一时候提供了OUI这个GUI安装程序。至于纯命令行下静默安装Oracle11g。本人之前写过具体的博文。有须要的请參考之，博文地址http://blog.csdn.net/smstong/article/details/7352036。依照这篇博文安装的数据库全然可用。本文算是对前面这篇博文的一个补充，就是在数据库安装完毕的基础上安装配置Oracle Enterprise Manager，使得管理员在厌倦单纯sqlplus的情况下，能够使用浏览器来管理Oracle数据库。
1 Oracle Enterprise Manager与Oracle Database Control
OEM是一个统称，是Oracle提供的图形化企业级管理工具的统称。具体有三种可用的工具：
（1）Database Control
它用于管理一个数据库（能够是RAC集群数据库）。具有实时管理和监视的功能，执行调度作业功能，告警功能。
（2）Application Server Control
用于管理一个或者多个应用server实例。
（3）Grid Control
Grid Control能够管理多个数据库和应用server，还能够管理计算机节点，支持通过第三方插件管理第三方产品。
在Oracle9i以及之前，OEM是以C/S架构出现的。从10g開始。使用B/S架构，使得管理员无需安装client就可以直接通过浏览器进行管理。本文专注于Database Control这个工具。Database Control无需单独安装。在安装oracle的时候，它是自己主动一起安装的，可是必须经过细致的配置才干使用。
2 Oracle Database Control 文件夹结构与工作原理
2.1 文件夹结构
Database Control在10g和11g中的文件夹结构有细微差异。本文以11g为基础说明。
在安装完oracle 11g之后，$ORACLE_HOME文件夹下会有专门为Database Control提供服务的文件夹，如上图所看到的。
当中oc4j是oracle container for j2ee的缩写。是oracle专用的j2ee容器与tomcat相似。
2.2 工作原理
Database Control自身使用的管理数据都存放到SYSMAN这个模式下。
了解了工作原理，其配置就easy理解了。
与部署其它的j2EE程序一样，须要从数据和程序文件两个方面进行。
从本质上说。全部这些操作都能够通过手工来一一完毕，可是不管是建立大量的配置文件还是创建大量的数据表。纯手工方式都会非常低效，也easy出错。所以Oracle公司为部署Database Control提供了专门的工具软件。
假设使用OUI来安装Oracle能够在安装阶段配置Database Control，在安装完毕后还能够通过DBCA来配置，这些都是好用的GUI工具，可是本文的目的是在纯命令行下进行配置，所以上述方式不可用。
为了应对命令行模式下的配置。ORACLE公司为Database Control专门提供了配置助手emca（Enterprise manager Configuration Assistant)。
3 使用EMCA配置Database Control
3.1 配置数据
使用的命令是: emca -repos create
它的作用是为Database Control在数据库中创建必要的用户（模式）（sysman, dbsnmp等）和模式对象（存储过程。表，索引等等）。emca本身是一个脚本文件。终于调用的是java程序来完毕实际的工作。
因为在创建对象的过程中，须要以sysman用户身份调用Oracle数据库提供的一些函数或过程，所以必须要确保sysman拥有相关的权限。这也是配置中一般会出问题的地方。
须要注意的是emca首先以sys身份创建sysman账户。然后以sysman账户进行兴许对象的创建。然后这两者之间是连续的，没有给我们改动sysman权限的机会。所以我们要在执行emca之前把sysman须要的权限赋予public账户，这样当sysman账户被创建后自己主动就会有相应的权限了。
那么到底须要赋予sysman那些权限呢？答案是非常多。我的方法是，首先执行emca，假设权限有问题emca就会爆粗，然后依据错误日志找到缺少的权限。之后把这个权限赋给public，然后emca -repos recreate。
以下给出一个排错的样例：
[oracle@db001 ~]$ emca -repos recreate; STARTED EMCA at Jul 10, 2014 4:18:24 PM
EM Configuration Assistant, Version 11.2.0.0.2 Production
Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Enter the following information:
Database SID: xgdb
Listener port number: 1521
Password for SYS user:
Password for SYSMAN user:
Password for SYSMAN user:
Do you wish to continue? [yes(Y)/no(N)]: y
Jul 10, 2014 4:18:37 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMConfig perform
INFO: This operation is being logged at /oracle/cfgtoollogs/emca/xgdb/emca_2014_07_10_16_18_24.log.
Jul 10, 2014 4:18:37 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig invoke
INFO: Dropping the EM repository (this may take a while) ...
Jul 10, 2014 4:19:44 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig invoke
INFO: Repository successfully dropped
Jul 10, 2014 4:19:44 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig createRepository
INFO: Creating the EM repository (this may take a while) ...
Jul 10, 2014 4:21:53 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig invoke
SEVERE: Error creating the repository
Jul 10, 2014 4:21:53 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig invoke
INFO: Refer to the log file at /oracle/cfgtoollogs/emca/xgdb/emca_repos_create_<date>.log for more details.
Jul 10, 2014 4:21:53 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMConfig perform
SEVERE: Error creating the repository
Refer to the log file at /oracle/cfgtoollogs/emca/xgdb/emca_2014_07_10_16_18_24.log for more details.
Could not complete the configuration. Refer to the log file at /oracle/cfgtoollogs/emca/xgdb/emca_2014_07_10_16_18_24.log for more details.
上面是一个出错的样例，从红色部分看出，创建数据失败，依据提供的信息。查看日志文件：
313 Jul 10, 2014 4:19:44 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig createRepository
314 CONFIG: Spooling to /oracle/cfgtoollogs/emca/xgdb/emca_repos_create_2014_07_10_16_19_44.log
315 Jul 10, 2014 4:19:44 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig createRepository
316 INFO: Creating the EM repository (this may take a while) ...
317 Jul 10, 2014 4:21:53 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig createRepository
318 CONFIG: ORA-04063: package body "SYSMAN.MGMT_LOGIN_ASSISTANT" has errors
319 ORA-06508: PL/SQL: could not find program unit being called:
这里已经能看出大概的错误是SYSMAN.MGMT_LOGIN_ASSISTANT这个包编译有问题了，为了获取具体错误，继续查看提示的日志文件。
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. Commit complete. BEGIN
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-04063: package body "SYSMAN.MGMT_LOGIN_ASSISTANT" has errors
ORA-06508: PL/SQL: could not find program unit being called:
"SYSMAN.MGMT_LOGIN_ASSISTANT"
这就能确定确实是这个包的问题了，那么到底为什么这个包编译失败呢？此时，sysman账户已经建立，我们以sysman账户登入sqlplus。然后手动编译这个包。看看错误到底在哪里。
执行 SQL> alter package mgmt_login_assistant compile body;
此时会报错，继续查看出错原因：
SQL> show errors；
显示 函数ENCRYPT invalid。
这说明magmt_login_assistant这个包依赖ENCRYPT函数，而ENCRYPT函数自身有问题。
那么继续看看ENCRYPT函数到底什么问题。
SQL> alter function encrypt compile; Warning: Function altered with compilation errors. SQL> show errors;
Errors for FUNCTION ENCRYPT:
9/5 PL/SQL: Statement ignored
10/22 PLS-00201: identifier 'SYS.UTL_I18N' must be declared
可见错误在于ENCRYPT函数依赖于SYS.UTL_I18N这个包，而这个包没有声明。事实上是sysman用户没有执行权限。
找到了错误根源。解决就easy多了，以sys账户登录，然后赋予public角色执行SYS.UTL_I18N这个包的权限。
SQL> grant execute on UTL_I18N to public; Grant succeeded.
然后又一次以sysman登录。并编译ENCRYPT函数成功，继续编译MGMT_LOGIN_ASSISTANT也成功了，这说明找到了问题所在。总结一下上面的依赖情况：
SYSMAN.MGMT_LOGIN_ASSISTANT包 < SYSMAN.ENCRYPT函数 < SYS.UTL_I18N包。
然后退出sql，又一次执行 emca -repos recreate。假设还是报错，请依照上面查找问题的思路解决这个问题，直到成功。
[oracle@db001 ~]$ emca -repos recreate; STARTED EMCA at Jul 10, 2014 4:37:11 PM
EM Configuration Assistant, Version 11.2.0.0.2 Production
Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Enter the following information:
Database SID: xgdb
Listener port number: 1521
Password for SYS user:
Password for SYSMAN user: Do you wish to continue? [yes(Y)/no(N)]: y
Jul 10, 2014 4:37:24 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMConfig perform
INFO: This operation is being logged at /oracle/cfgtoollogs/emca/xgdb/emca_2014_07_10_16_37_11.log.
Jul 10, 2014 4:37:25 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig invoke
INFO: Dropping the EM repository (this may take a while) ...
Jul 10, 2014 4:38:28 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig invoke
INFO: Repository successfully dropped
Jul 10, 2014 4:38:29 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig createRepository
INFO: Creating the EM repository (this may take a while) ...
Jul 10, 2014 4:42:47 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig invoke
INFO: Repository successfully created
Enterprise Manager configuration completed successfully
FINISHED EMCA at Jul 10, 2014 4:42:47 PM
3.2 配置文件布局
[oracle@db001 ~]$ emca -config dbcontrol db STARTED EMCA at Jul 10, 2014 4:47:43 PM
EM Configuration Assistant, Version 11.2.0.0.2 Production
Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Enter the following information:
Database SID: xgdb
Listener port number: 1521
Listener ORACLE_HOME [ /oracle/11.2.0 ]:
Password for SYS user:
Password for DBSNMP user:
Password for SYSMAN user:
Email address for notifications (optional):
Outgoing Mail (SMTP) server for notifications (optional):
----------------------------------------------------------------- You have specified the following settings Database ORACLE_HOME ................ /oracle/11.2.0 Local hostname ................ localhost
Listener ORACLE_HOME ................ /oracle/11.2.0
Listener port number ................ 1521
Database SID ................ xgdb
Email address for notifications ...............
Outgoing Mail (SMTP) server for notifications ............... -----------------------------------------------------------------
Do you wish to continue? [yes(Y)/no(N)]: y
Jul 10, 2014 4:48:05 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMConfig perform
INFO: This operation is being logged at /oracle/cfgtoollogs/emca/xgdb/emca_2014_07_10_16_47_43.log.
Jul 10, 2014 4:48:08 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig uploadConfigDataToRepository
INFO: Uploading configuration data to EM repository (this may take a while) ...
Jul 10, 2014 4:49:06 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig invoke
INFO: Uploaded configuration data successfully
Jul 10, 2014 4:49:08 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.util.DBControlUtil configureSoftwareLib
INFO: Software library configured successfully.
Jul 10, 2014 4:49:08 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMDBPostConfig configureSoftwareLibrary
INFO: Deploying Provisioning archives ...
Jul 10, 2014 4:49:34 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMDBPostConfig configureSoftwareLibrary
INFO: Provisioning archives deployed successfully.
Jul 10, 2014 4:49:34 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.util.DBControlUtil secureDBConsole
INFO: Securing Database Control (this may take a while) ...
Jul 10, 2014 4:50:11 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.util.DBControlUtil secureDBConsole
INFO: Database Control secured successfully.
Jul 10, 2014 4:50:11 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.util.DBControlUtil startOMS
INFO: Starting Database Control (this may take a while) ...
Jul 10, 2014 4:50:29 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMDBPostConfig performConfiguration
INFO: Database Control started successfully
Jul 10, 2014 4:50:29 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMDBPostConfig performConfiguration
INFO: >>>>>>>>>>> The Database Control URL is https://localhost:1158/em <<<<<<<<<<<
Jul 10, 2014 4:50:34 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMDBPostConfig invoke
WARNING:
************************ WARNING ************************ Management Repository has been placed in secure mode wherein Enterprise Manager data will be encrypted. The encryption key has been placed in the file: /oracle/11.2.0/localhost_xgdb/sysman/config/emkey.ora. Please ensure this file is backed up as the encrypted data will become unusable if this file is lost. ***********************************************************
Enterprise Manager configuration completed successfully
FINISHED EMCA at Jul 10, 2014 4:50:34 PM
4 浏览器訪问Database Control
[oracle@db001 ~]$ emctl status dbconsole;
Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control Release 11.2.0.1.0
Copyright (c) 1996, 2009 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
https://localhost:1158/em/console/aboutApplication
Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g is running.
------------------------------------------------------------------
Logs are generated in directory /oracle/11.2.0/localhost_xgdb/sysman/log
[oracle@db001 ~]$
能够使用emctl stop dbconsole 停止Database Control。
[oracle@db001 ~]$ emctl stop dbconsole
Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control Release 11.2.0.1.0
Copyright (c) 1996, 2009 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
https://localhost:1158/em/console/aboutApplication
Stopping Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control ...
... Stopped.
[oracle@db001 ~]$ emctl start dbconsole
Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control Release 11.2.0.1.0
Copyright (c) 1996, 2009 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
https://localhost:1158/em/console/aboutApplication
Starting Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control ........ started.
------------------------------------------------------------------
Logs are generated in directory /oracle/11.2.0/localhost_xgdb/sysman/log
确保Database Conrol启动后，使用浏览器訪问:https://IP:1158/em就可以。