random shutil shevle xml

2024-01-09 19:51:28

random 模块

import random

print(random.random())#(0,1)----float    大于0且小于1之间的小数

print(random.randint(1,3))  #[1,3]    大于等于1且小于等于3之间的整数

print(random.randrange(1,3)) #[1,3)    大于等于1且小于3之间的整数

print(random.choice([1,'',[4,5]]))#1或者23或者[4,5]

print(random.sample([1,'',[4,5]],2))#列表元素任意2个组合

print(random.uniform(1,3))#大于1小于3的小数，如1.927109612082716 

item=[1,3,5,7,9]

random.shuffle(item) #打乱item的顺序,相当于"洗牌"

print(item)

import random

def make_code(n):

    res=''

    for i in range(n):

        s1=chr(random.randint(65,90))

        s2=str(random.randint(0,9))

        res+=random.choice([s1,s2])

    return res

print(make_code(9))

生成随机验证码

shutil 模块可以操作全新啊的处理文件模块

# 基于路径的文件复制：

shutil.copyfile('source_file', 'target_file')

# 基于流的文件复制：

with open('source_file', 'rb') as r, open('target_file', 'wb') as w:

    shutil.copyfileobj(r, w)

# 递归删除目标目录

shutil.rmtree('target_folder')

# 文件移动

shutil.remove('old_file', 'new_file')

# 文件夹压缩

shutil.make_archive('file_name', 'format', 'archive_path')

# 文件夹解压

shutil.unpack_archive('unpack_file', 'unpack_name', 'format')

shelve 模块

shelve模块比pickle模块简单，只有一个open函数，返回类似字典的对象，可读可写;key必须为字符串，而值可以是python所支持的数据类型

# 将序列化文件操作dump与load进行封装
s_dic = shelve.open("target_file", writeback=True) # 注：writeback允许序列化的可变类型，可以直接修改值
# 序列化:：存
s_dic['key1'] = 'value1'
s_dic['key2'] = 'value2'
# 反序列化：取
print(s_dic['key1'])
# 文件这样的释放
s_dic.close()

import shelve

f=shelve.open(r'sheve.txt')

# f['stu1_info']={'name':'egon','age':18,'hobby':['piao','smoking','drinking']}

# f['stu2_info']={'name':'gangdan','age':53}

# f['school_info']={'website':'http://www.pypy.org','city':'beijing'}

print(f['stu1_info']['hobby'])

f.close()

标准输入输出从错误流

import sys

sys.stdout.write('msg')

sys.stderr.write('msg')

msg = sys.stdin.readline()

# print默认是对sys.stdout.write('msg') + sys.stdout.write('\n')的封装

# 格式化结束符print：print('msg', end='')

xml xml文件操作模块

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

# 读文件

tree = ET.parse("xmltest.xml")

# 根节点

root_ele = tree.getroot()

# 遍历下一级

for ele in root_ele:

    print(ele)

# 全文搜索指定名的子标签

ele.iter("标签名")

# 非全文查找满足条件的第一个子标签

ele.find("标签名")

# 非全文查找满足条件的所有子标签

ele.findall("标签名")

# 标签名

ele.tag

# 标签内容

ele.text

# 标签属性

ele.attrib

# 修改

ele.tag = "新标签名"

ele.text = "新文本"

ele.set("属性名", "新属性值")

# 删除

sup_ele.remove(sub_ele)

# 添加

my_ele=ET.Element('myEle')

my_ele.text = 'new_ele'

my_ele.attrib = {'name': 'my_ele'}

root.append(my_ele)

# 重新写入硬盘

tree.write("xmltest.xml")

xml的格式如下，就是通过<>节点来区别数据结构的:

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<data>

    <country name="Liechtenstein">

        <rank updated="yes">2</rank>

        <year>2008</year>

        <gdppc>141100</gdppc>

        <neighbor name="Austria" direction="E"/>

        <neighbor name="Switzerland" direction="W"/>

    </country>

    <country name="Singapore">

        <rank updated="yes">5</rank>

        <year>2011</year>

        <gdppc>59900</gdppc>

        <neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/>

    </country>

    <country name="Panama">

        <rank updated="yes">69</rank>

        <year>2011</year>

        <gdppc>13600</gdppc>

        <neighbor name="Costa Rica" direction="W"/>

        <neighbor name="Colombia" direction="E"/>

    </country>

</data>

xml数据

xml协议在各个语言里的都是支持的，在python中可以用以下模块操作xml：

# print(root.iter('year')) #全文搜索

# print(root.find('country')) #在root的子节点找，只找一个

# print(root.findall('country')) #在root的子节点找，找所有

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

tree = ET.parse("xmltest.xml")

root = tree.getroot()

print(root.tag)

#遍历xml文档

for child in root:

    print('========>',child.tag,child.attrib,child.attrib['name'])

    for i in child:

        print(i.tag,i.attrib,i.text)

#只遍历year 节点

for node in root.iter('year'):

    print(node.tag,node.text)

#---------------------------------------

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

tree = ET.parse("xmltest.xml")

root = tree.getroot()

#修改

for node in root.iter('year'):

    new_year=int(node.text)+1

    node.text=str(new_year)

    node.set('updated','yes')

    node.set('version','1.0')

tree.write('test.xml')

#删除node

for country in root.findall('country'):

   rank = int(country.find('rank').text)

   if rank > 50:

     root.remove(country)

tree.write('output.xml')

#在country内添加（append）节点year2

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

tree = ET.parse("a.xml")

root=tree.getroot()

for country in root.findall('country'):

    for year in country.findall('year'):

        if int(year.text) > 2000:

            year2=ET.Element('year2')

            year2.text='新年'

            year2.attrib={'update':'yes'}

            country.append(year2) #往country节点下添加子节点

tree.write('a.xml.swap')

自己创建xml文档：

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

new_xml = ET.Element("namelist")

name = ET.SubElement(new_xml,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"yes"})

age = ET.SubElement(name,"age",attrib={"checked":"no"})

sex = ET.SubElement(name,"sex")

sex.text = ''

name2 = ET.SubElement(new_xml,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"no"})

age = ET.SubElement(name2,"age")

age.text = ''

et = ET.ElementTree(new_xml) #生成文档对象

et.write("test.xml", encoding="utf-8",xml_declaration=True)

ET.dump(new_xml) #打印生成的格式

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