python连接mysql获取表信息(表名、字段数、字段空值率)
https://blog.****.net/qq_41725214/article/details/104206028
文艺小卿年 2020-02-07 09:23:25 1227 收藏 7
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功能说明:
通过python连接mysql数据库,1. 获取当前库下所有表的名称 2. 获取每个表的记录行数 3. 查询每张表下每个字段的空值率(采用增量查询的方式,降低查询大表时的性能消耗)。
输出形式:
excel表格
代码:
import math
import sys
import pymysql
import xlwt
import pandas as pd
# 数据库信息
host = sys.argv[1]
user = sys.argv[2]
passwd = sys.argv[3]
db = sys.argv[4]
# excel的存放目录
dir = sys.argv[5]
# 写入EXCEL
def write_to_excel(res, sheet_name, excel_name):
'''
:param res: 要写入excel的数据
:param sheet_name: sheet页名称
:param excel_name: excel名称
'''
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
sheet = workbook.add_sheet(sheet_name, cell_overwrite_ok=True)
row = 0
for i in res:
for j in range(0, len(i)):
sheet.write(row, j, i[j])
row += 1
workbook.save(excel_name)
# 当前库下所有表的名称
def tables_name(db):
res = mysql_info("select table_name from information_schema.tables where table_schema='%s'" % (db))
print('当前库下所有表的名称')
for i in res:
print(i[0])
return res
# 每个表的记录行数
def count_rows(db):
res = mysql_info("select table_name,table_rows from information_schema.tables where TABLE_SCHEMA = '%s'" % (db))
print('每个表的记录行数')
print(res)
return res
# 查询每张表下每个字段的空值率并直接写入excel
def null_rate(db, sheet_name, excel_name):
'''
:param db: 数据库
:param sheet_name: sheet页名称
:param excel_name: excel名称
'''
conn = pymysql.connect(host, user, passwd, db)
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
sheet = workbook.add_sheet(sheet_name, cell_overwrite_ok=True)
tables = mysql_info("SHOW TABLES")
row = 0
# 遍历数据库下所有的表
for table in tables:
# 获取单表名称
table = str(table).replace("('", '').replace("',)", '')
print('当前表名称:', table)
# 获取主键名称
sql_for_search_key = "SELECT k.column_name FROM information_schema.table_constraints t JOIN information_schema.key_column_usage k USING (constraint_name,table_schema,table_name) WHERE t.constraint_type = 'PRIMARY KEY' AND t.table_schema = '%s' AND t.table_name = '%s' " % (
db, table)
pri_key = mysql_info(sql_for_search_key)[0][0]
# excel写入表名
sheet.write(row, 0, table)
sum_rows = mysql_info('select count(' + pri_key + ') from %s' % table)
print(sum_rows)
# 分页查询时每页数目
page_rows = 5000
offset = 0
# 创建一个空的df,用来存放字段及其对应空值数
df = pd.DataFrame()
# 这里通过增量查取,降低性能开销
for page in range(1, math.ceil(sum_rows[0][0] / page_rows) + 1):
# 查询语句
sql = 'select * from ' + table + ' order by ' + pri_key + ' limit ' + str(page_rows) + ' offset ' + str(
offset)
offset += page_rows
# 将查询数据转换为dataFrame,并追加到总的df中
data = pd.read_sql(sql, con=conn)
df = df.append(data)
# 统计df每列为空值的数量
axis_data = df.isnull().sum(axis=0)
# 将查询结果写入excel
index_name = df.columns.values.tolist()
axis_data = axis_data.values
for i in range(0, len(index_name)):
# 写入字段名称
sheet.write(row, 1, index_name[i])
# 写入该字段空值率
sheet.write(row, 2, format((axis_data[i] / int(sum_rows[0][0])), '.2%'))
row += 1
workbook.save(excel_name)
def mysql_info(sql):
"""
:param sql: 执行的查询sql语句
:return: 返回查询结果
如果程中发生错误直接报错退出
"""
try:
conn1 = pymysql.connect(host, user, passwd, db)
cursor1 = conn1.cursor()
cursor1.execute(sql)
res = cursor1.fetchall()
conn1.close()
return res
except Exception as e:
print(e)
print("!!!!!!!!!!!!!!请检查数据库连接信息!!!!!!!!!!!!!!")
exit(-1)
if __name__ == "__main__":
result1 = tables_name(db)
write_to_excel(result1, 'tables_name', dir + '/%s库中每个表的名字.xlsx' % db)
result2 = count_rows(db)
write_to_excel(result2, 'count_rows', dir + '/%s库中每个表的记录行数.xlsx' % db)
null_rate(db, 'null_rate', dir + '/%s库中每张表下每个字段的空值率.xlsx' % db)
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原文链接:https://blog.****.net/qq_41725214/article/details/104206028