os模块

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这个模块包含普遍的操作系统功能。

如果你希望你的程序能够与平台无关的话，这个模块是尤为重要的。一个例子就是使用os.sep可以取代操作系统特定的路径分割符。

os.system()	执行linux命令 >> os.system('ls -l') 也可以使用subprocess模块   >> subprocess.call('ls -l'.split())
os.getcwd()	得到当前工作目录
os.getenv()和os.putenv()	读取和设置环境变量
os.listdir()	返回指定目录下的所有文件和目录名
os.remove()	删除文件
os.system()	运行shell命令
os.path.split()	返回一个路径的目录名和文件名 >>> os.path.split('/home/swaroop/byte/code/poem.txt') ('/home/swaroop/byte/code', 'poem.txt')
os.path.isfile()和os.path.isdir()	分别检验给出的路径是一个文件还是目录
os.path.exists()	检验给出的路径是否真地存在
os.linesep	给出当前平台使用的行终止符。 例如，Windows使用'\r\n'，Linux使用'\n'而Mac使用'\r'
os.name	指示你正在使用的平台。 比如对于Windows，它是'nt'，而对于Linux/Unix用户，它是'posix'。

 

 

sys模块

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sys模块包含系统对应的功能。

1. sys.argv

包含命令行参数，sys.argv[0]是当前运行的程序名称

输出：

 

2. sys.exit

退出正在运行的程序。和以往一样，你可以看一下help(sys.exit)来了解更多详情。

3. sys.stdin、sys.stdout和sys.stderr

它们分别对应你的程序的标准输入、标准输出和标准错误流。

 

数据结构

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Tools for Working with Lists 里面介绍了collections.deque,bisect和heapq，都是很有用的数据结构

 

其他

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这里的介绍相当有限，详细的可以查阅The Python Standard Library和The Python Language Reference

• 10. Brief Tour of the Standard Library
  • 10.1. Operating System Interface (os,shutil)
  • 10.2. File Wildcards (glob)
  • 10.3. Command Line Arguments (sys,getopt,argparse)
  • 10.4. Error Output Redirection and Program Termination (sys)
  • 10.5. String Pattern Matching (re)
  • 10.6. Mathematics (math,random)
  • 10.7. Internet Access (urllib2,smtplib,poplib)
  • 10.8. Dates and Times (datetime)
  • 10.9. Data Compression (zlib, gzip, bz2, zipfile and tarfile)
  • 10.10. Performance Measurement (timeit,profile and pstats)
  • 10.11. Quality Control (doctest,unittest)
  • 10.12. Batteries Included
    • Data interchange csv, xml.dom, xml.sax
    • Internationalization gettext, locale, and the codecs
    • Remote procedure calls xmlrpclib,SimpleXMLRPCServer
    • Managing email messages email
• 11. Brief Tour of the Standard Library – Part II
  • 11.1. Output Formatting (repr,pprint,textwrap,locale)
  • 11.2. Templating (string.Template)
  • 11.3. Working with Binary Data Record Layouts (struct,read zip file directly)
  • 11.4. Multi-threading (threading)
  • 11.5. Logging (logging)
  • 11.6. Weak References (weakref)
  • 11.7. Tools for Working with Lists (array,collections.deque(),heapq)
  • 11.8. Decimal Floating Point Arithmetic (decimal.Decimal)

http://www.guokr.com/blog/480782/

http://docs.python.org/2/tutorial/stdlib.html

http://docs.python.org/2/tutorial/stdlib2.html

http://docs.python.org/2/contents.html

 

More Python resources:

• http://www.python.org: The major Python Web site. It contains code, documentation, and pointers to Python-related pages around the Web. This Web site is mirrored in various places around the world, such as Europe, Japan, and Australia; a mirror may be faster than the main site, depending on your geographical location.
• http://docs.python.org: Fast access to Python’s documentation.
• http://pypi.python.org: The Python Package Index, previously also nicknamed the Cheese Shop, is an index of user-created Python modules that are available for download. Once you begin releasing code, you can register it here so that others can find it.
• http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Python/Cookbook/: The Python Cookbook is a sizable collection of code examples, larger modules, and useful scripts. Particularly notable contributions are collected in a book also titled Python Cookbook (O’Reilly & Associates, ISBN 0-596-00797-3.)