Arduino LED流水灯·基础实验

Arduino初学IO控制,流水灯实验是很好的学习对象。分两个进程学习。
一、假流水灯,即基础效果实现
二、真流水灯,即采用PWM模拟真实流水渐变效果

我们设立5盏灯,正极分别连接数字口(Digital Pin)3 5 9 10 11口 ,负极共地(GND)

假流水灯

int LED1 = 3;
int LED2 = 5;
int LED3 = 9;
int LED4 = 10;
int LED5 = 11;
void setup() {
  pinMode(LED1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(LED2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(LED3, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(LED4, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(LED5, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
  //状态1
  digitalWrite(LED1, 1);  //1 代表 HIGH   0 代表 LOW
  digitalWrite(LED2, 0);
  digitalWrite(LED3, 0);
  digitalWrite(LED4, 0);
  digitalWrite(LED5, 0);

  delay(1000);
  //状态2
  digitalWrite(LED1, 0);
  digitalWrite(LED2, 1);
  digitalWrite(LED3, 0);
  digitalWrite(LED4, 0);
  digitalWrite(LED5, 0);

  delay(1000);
  //状态3
  digitalWrite(LED1, 0);
  digitalWrite(LED2, 0);
  digitalWrite(LED3, 1);
  digitalWrite(LED4, 0);
  digitalWrite(LED5, 0);

  delay(1000);
  //状态4
  digitalWrite(LED1, 0);
  digitalWrite(LED2, 0);
  digitalWrite(LED3, 0);
  digitalWrite(LED4, 1);
  digitalWrite(LED5, 0);

  delay(1000);
  //状态5
  digitalWrite(LED1, 0);
  digitalWrite(LED2, 0);
  digitalWrite(LED3, 0);
  digitalWrite(LED4, 0);
  digitalWrite(LED5, 1);
  delay(1000);

}

使用状态控制法去实现,方便理解和修改,每个状态持续一段时间,即使用delay()。【Arduino程序的运行机制和Processing不太一样,P5是等待一次draw函数执行完才刷新画布,得到结果,而Arduino是即时,也就是执行一条语句后立马能反馈到结果!!】
当然有人用循环语句来搭建,可以,但是对初学者真是不友好。首先循环语句本来就不熟悉,而且还有delay延迟函数参与,不好理解其运行逻辑的,所以不推荐。

真流水灯

因为要模拟过渡效果,因此简单的数字式读写没法满足要求,使用PWM调节机制能模拟出来。

int LED1 = 3;
int LED2 = 5;
int LED3 = 9;
int LED4 = 10;
int LED5 = 11;

int fadeValue1 = 0;     //定义亮度
int fadeValue2 = 60;
int fadeValue3 = 120;
int fadeValue4 = 180;
int fadeValue5 = 240;

int state1 = 0;
int state2 = 0;
int state3 = 0;
int state4 = 0;
int state5 = 0;

void setup() {

}

void loop() {
  //更新
  //1
  if (state1 == 0)
  {
    fadeValue1 += 1;
  }
  else if(state1 == 1)
  {
    fadeValue1 -= 1;
  }

  if (fadeValue1 > 254)
  {
    state1 = 1;
  }
  else if (fadeValue1 < 1)
  {
    state1 = 0;
  }

////////////////2/////////////////////////
 if (state2 == 0)
  {
    fadeValue2 += 1;
  }
  else if(state2 == 1)
  {
    fadeValue2 -= 1;
  }

  if (fadeValue2 > 254)
  {
    state2 = 1;
  }
  else if (fadeValue2 < 1)
  {
    state2 = 0;
  }

////////////////3/////////////////////////
 if (state3 == 0)
  {
    fadeValue3 += 1;
  }
  else if(state3 == 1)
  {
    fadeValue3 -= 1;
  }

  if (fadeValue3 > 254)
  {
    state3 = 1;
  }
  else if (fadeValue3 < 1)
  {
    state3 = 0;
  }

  ////////////////4/////////////////////////
 if (state4 == 0)
  {
    fadeValue4 += 1;
  }
  else if(state4 == 1)
  {
    fadeValue4 -= 1;
  }

  if (fadeValue4 > 254)
  {
    state4 = 1;
  }
  else if (fadeValue4 < 1)
  {
    state4 = 0;
  }

  ////////////////5/////////////////////////
 if (state5 == 0)
  {
    fadeValue5 += 1;
  }
  else if(state5 == 1)
  {
    fadeValue5 -= 1;
  }

  if (fadeValue5 > 254)
  {
    state5 = 1;
  }
  else if (fadeValue5 < 1)
  {
    state5 = 0;
  }

  //执行 相当于 P5绘画
  analogWrite(LED1, fadeValue1);
  analogWrite(LED2, fadeValue2);
  analogWrite(LED3, fadeValue3);
  analogWrite(LED4, fadeValue4);
  analogWrite(LED5, fadeValue5);

  delay(4);
}

沿用P5的更新-绘画原理,慢慢地刷新亮度值,最后统一执行analogWrite()
不过还能简化一些操作,使用sin函数来更新数值,如:

int LED1 = 3;
int LED2 = 5;
int LED3 = 9;
int LED4 = 10;
int LED5 = 11;

int fadeValue1 = 0;
int fadeValue2 = 60;
int fadeValue3 = 120;
int fadeValue4 = 180;
int fadeValue5 = 240;

//为了方便 偏移 sin函数的相位,设置一个不同的初相
int state1 = 0;
int state2 = 10;
int state3 = 20;
int state4 = 30;
int state5 = 40;
void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:
  // analogWrite 函数不用pinMode定义
}

void loop() {
  fadeValue1 = abs(cos(millis()/200.0 + state1)) * 250 + 1;
  fadeValue2 = abs(cos(millis()/200.0 + state2)) * 250 + 1;
  fadeValue3 = abs(cos(millis()/200.0 + state3)) * 250 + 1;
  fadeValue4 = abs(cos(millis()/200.0 + state4)) * 250 + 1;
  fadeValue5 = abs(cos(millis()/200.0 + state5)) * 250 + 1;
//  analogWrite(LED1, fadeValue1);
//  analogWrite(LED2, fadeValue2);
//  analogWrite(LED3, fadeValue3);
//  analogWrite(LED4, fadeValue4);
//  analogWrite(LED5, fadeValue5);


  analogWrite(LED1, 255-fadeValue1);
  analogWrite(LED2, 255-fadeValue2);
  analogWrite(LED3, 255-fadeValue3);
  analogWrite(LED4, 255-fadeValue4);
  analogWrite(LED5, 255-fadeValue5);
  
  delay(4);
}

因为sin函数的数值变化本就带缓动,因此效果很理想。

上述代码只是模型参考,任意数值都能自行修改。其实这里应该贴上实验结果来完善这篇博文,但是么。。。为了保有读者的好奇心,鼓励读者自行实操看效果,这也是学习硬件,学习Arduino另外的乐趣和意义,祝好运 @~

Arduino LED流水灯·基础实验

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