概述
Thrift是一个软件框架,用来进行可扩展且跨语言的服务的开发。它结合了功能强大的软件堆栈和代码生成引擎,以构建在 C++、Java、Python、PHP、Ruby、Erlang、Perl、Haskell、C#、Cocoa、JavaScript、Node.js、Smalltalk、and OCaml 等等编程语言间无缝结合的、高效的服务。
Thrift最初由facebook开发,07年四月开放源码,08年5月进入Apache孵化器。Thrift允许你定义一个简单的定义文件中的数据类型和服务接口。以作为输入文件,编译器生成代码用来方便地生成RPC客户端和服务器通信的无缝跨编程语言。
官网地址:thrift.apache.org
下载配置
Maven构建项目,在pom.xml 中添加如下内容:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.thrift</groupId>
<artifactId>libthrift</artifactId>
<version>0.11.0</version>
</dependency>
-
基本概念
数据类型
基本类型:
bool:布尔值,true 或 false,对应 Java 的 boolean
byte:8 位有符号整数,对应 Java 的 byte
i16:16 位有符号整数,对应 Java 的 short
i32:32 位有符号整数,对应 Java 的 int
i64:64 位有符号整数,对应 Java 的 long
double:64 位浮点数,对应 Java 的 double
string:utf-8编码的字符串,对应 Java 的 String结构体类型:
struct:定义公共的对象,类似于 C 语言中的结构体定义,在 Java 中是一个 JavaBean容器类型:
list:对应 Java 的 ArrayList
set:对应 Java 的 HashSet
map:对应 Java 的 HashMap异常类型:
exception:对应 Java 的 Exception服务类型:
service:对应服务的类
服务端编码基本步骤
- 实现服务处理接口impl
- 创建TProcessor
- 创建TServerTransport
- 创建TProtocol
- 创建TServer
- 启动Server
客户端编码基本步骤
- 创建Transport
- 创建TProtocol
- 基于TTransport和TProtocol创建Client
- 调用Client的相应方法
数据传输协议
- TBinaryProtocol 二进制格式
- TCompactProtocol 压缩格式
- TJSONProtocol JSON格式
- TSimpleJSONProtocol 提供JSON只写协议,生成的文件很容易通过脚本语言解析
提示:客户端和服务端的协议要一致
实例演示
Thrift生成代码
创建Thrift文件,比如D:\Tonny\Doc\Project\prj-oxygen\common\src\main\java\org\tonny\thrift\demo\config\news\NewsModel.thrift ,内容如下:
namespace java org.tonny.thrift.demo
service HelloWorldService {
string sayHello(1:string username)
}- include类型的数据,文件引用,所以要用“文件名+类型”,即文件名.模块名
-
使用从官网提供下载的thrift-0.11.0.exe,运用这个工具生成相关代码:
thrift-0.9..exe -r -gen java ./HelloWorld.thrift
将生成的HelloWorldService.java 文件复制到自己测试的工程中,我的工程是用Maven构建的,故在pom.xml中增加如下内容:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.thrift</groupId>
<artifactId>libthrift</artifactId>
<version>0.9.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.7.5</version>
</dependency> -
实现接口Iface
Java代码:HelloWorldImpl.java
package com.thrift.demo; import org.apache.thrift.TException; public class HelloWorldImpl implements HelloWorldService.Iface { public HelloWorldImpl() {
} @Override
public String sayHello(String username) throws TException {
return "Hi," + username + " welcome to thrift demo world";
} }TSimpleServer服务端
简单的单线程服务模型,一般用于测试。
编写服务端server代码:ThriftServer.javapackage com.thrift.demo.server; import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol.Factory;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TSimpleServer;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerSocket;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportFactory; import com.thrift.demo.service.HelloWorldService;
import com.thrift.demo.service.impl.HelloWorldServiceImpl; /**
************************************************************
* @类名 ThriftServer
*
* @AUTHOR Neo
************************************************************
*/
public class ThriftServerDemo { public void startServer() {
try {
System.out.println("Starting Thrift Server......"); TProcessor processor = new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>(new HelloWorldServiceImpl()); TServerSocket serverTransport = new TServerSocket(8191); TTransportFactory transportFactory = new TFramedTransport.Factory(); Factory factory = new TBinaryProtocol.Factory(); TServer.Args tArgs = new TServer.Args(serverTransport);
tArgs.protocolFactory(factory);
tArgs.transportFactory(transportFactory);
tArgs.processor(processor); // 简单的单线程服务模型,一般用于测试
TServer server = new TSimpleServer(tArgs); server.serve(); } catch (TTransportException e) {
System.out.println("Starting Thrift Server......Error!!!");
e.printStackTrace();
} } public static void main(String[] args) {
ThriftServerDemo server = new ThriftServerDemo();
server.startServer();
} }编写客户端Client代码:ThriftClientDemo.java
package com.thrift.demo.client; import org.apache.thrift.TException;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransport;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException; import com.thrift.demo.service.HelloWorldService;
import com.thrift.demo.service.HelloWorldService.Client; /**
************************************************************
* @类名 ThriftClient
*
* @AUTHOR Neo
************************************************************
*/
public class ThriftClientDemo { public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
TTransport transport = new TFramedTransport(new TSocket("127.0.0.1", 8191, 5000));
// 协议要和服务端一致
TProtocol protocol = new TBinaryProtocol(transport); Client client = new HelloWorldService.Client(protocol); transport.open(); String string = client.sayHello("Neo"); System.out.println(string); transport.close(); } catch (TTransportException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (TException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} }先运行服务端程序,日志如下:
Starting Thrift Server......
再运行客户端调用程序,日志如下:
Hello World,Hello Thrift!!! Hi:Neo
测试成功,和预期的返回信息一致。
TThreadPoolServer 服务模型
线程池服务模型,使用标准的阻塞式IO,预先创建一组线程处理请求。
编写服务端代码:HelloServerDemo.javapackage com.thrift.demo.server; import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadPoolServer;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerSocket; import com.thrift.demo.service.HelloWorldService;
import com.thrift.demo.service.impl.HelloWorldServiceImpl; /**
************************************************************
* @类名 HelloServerDemo
*
* @AUTHOR Neo
************************************************************
*/
public class HelloServerDemo {
public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8191; public void startServer() {
try {
System.out.println("HelloWorld TThreadPoolServer start ...."); TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>(new HelloWorldServiceImpl()); TServerSocket serverTransport = new TServerSocket(SERVER_PORT);
TThreadPoolServer.Args ttpsArgs = new TThreadPoolServer.Args(serverTransport);
ttpsArgs.processor(tprocessor);
ttpsArgs.protocolFactory(new TBinaryProtocol.Factory()); // 线程池服务模型,使用标准的阻塞式IO,预先创建一组线程处理请求。
TServer server = new TThreadPoolServer(ttpsArgs);
server.serve(); } catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Server start error!!!");
e.printStackTrace();
}
} public static void main(String[] args) {
HelloServerDemo server = new HelloServerDemo();
server.startServer();
} }客户端Client代码和之前的一样,只要数据传输的协议一致即可,客户端测试成功,结果如下:
Hello World,Hello Thrift!!! Hi:Neo
TNonblockingServer 服务模型
使用非阻塞式IO,服务端和客户端需要指定 TFramedTransport 数据传输的方式。
编写服务端代码:HelloServerDemo.javapackage com.thrift.demo.server; import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TNonblockingServer;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingServerSocket; import com.thrift.demo.service.HelloWorldService;
import com.thrift.demo.service.impl.HelloWorldServiceImpl; /**
************************************************************
* @类名 HelloServerDemo
*
* @AUTHOR Neo
************************************************************
*/
public class HelloServerDemo {
public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8191; public void startServer() {
try {
System.out.println("HelloWorld TNonblockingServer start ...."); TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>(new HelloWorldServiceImpl()); TNonblockingServerSocket tnbSocketTransport = new TNonblockingServerSocket(SERVER_PORT);
TNonblockingServer.Args tnbArgs = new TNonblockingServer.Args(tnbSocketTransport);
tnbArgs.processor(tprocessor);
tnbArgs.transportFactory(new TFramedTransport.Factory());
tnbArgs.protocolFactory(new TCompactProtocol.Factory()); // 使用非阻塞式IO,服务端和客户端需要指定TFramedTransport数据传输的方式
TServer server = new TNonblockingServer(tnbArgs);
server.serve(); } catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Server start error!!!");
e.printStackTrace();
}
} public static void main(String[] args) {
HelloServerDemo server = new HelloServerDemo();
server.startServer();
}
}编写客户端代码:HelloClientDemo.java
package com.thrift.demo.client; import org.apache.thrift.TException;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransport;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException; import com.thrift.demo.service.HelloWorldService; /**
************************************************************
* @类名 HelloClientDemo
*
* @AUTHOR Neo
************************************************************
*/
public class HelloClientDemo { public static final String SERVER_IP = "127.0.0.1"; public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8191; public static final int TIMEOUT = 30000; public void startClient(String userName) {
TTransport transport = null;
try {
transport = new TFramedTransport(new TSocket(SERVER_IP, SERVER_PORT, TIMEOUT));
// 协议要和服务端一致
TProtocol protocol = new TCompactProtocol(transport);
HelloWorldService.Client client = new HelloWorldService.Client(protocol);
transport.open();
String result = client.sayHello(userName);
System.out.println("Thrify client result =: " + result);
} catch (TTransportException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (TException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (null != transport) {
transport.close();
}
}
} public static void main(String[] args) {
HelloClientDemo client = new HelloClientDemo();
client.startClient("Neo"); }
}客户端的测试成功,结果如下:
Thrify client result =: Hello World,Hello Thrift!!! Hi:Neo
THsHaServer服务模型
半同步半异步的服务端模型,需要指定为: TFramedTransport 数据传输的方式。
编写服务端代码:HelloServerDemo.javapackage com.thrift.demo.server; import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.server.THsHaServer;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingServerSocket; import com.thrift.demo.service.HelloWorldService;
import com.thrift.demo.service.impl.HelloWorldServiceImpl; /**
************************************************************
* @类名 HelloServerDemo
*
* @AUTHOR Neo
************************************************************
*/
public class HelloServerDemo { public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8191; public void startServer() {
try {
System.out.println("HelloWorld THsHaServer start ...."); TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>(new HelloWorldServiceImpl()); TNonblockingServerSocket tnbSocketTransport = new TNonblockingServerSocket(SERVER_PORT);
THsHaServer.Args thhsArgs = new THsHaServer.Args(tnbSocketTransport);
thhsArgs.processor(tprocessor);
thhsArgs.transportFactory(new TFramedTransport.Factory());
thhsArgs.protocolFactory(new TBinaryProtocol.Factory()); // 半同步半异步的服务模型
TServer server = new THsHaServer(thhsArgs);
server.serve(); } catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Server start error!!!");
e.printStackTrace();
}
} public static void main(String[] args) {
HelloServerDemo server = new HelloServerDemo();
server.startServer();
}
}客户端代码和上一个服务模型的Client中的类似,只要注意传输协议一致以及指定传输方式为TFramedTransport。
异步客户端
编写服务端代码:HelloServerDemo.java
package com.thrift.demo.client; import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TNonblockingServer;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingServerSocket; import com.thrift.demo.service.HelloWorldService;
import com.thrift.demo.service.impl.HelloWorldServiceImpl; /**
************************************************************
* @类名 HelloServerDemo
*
* @AUTHOR Neo
************************************************************
*/
public class HelloServerDemo { public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8191; public void startServer() {
try {
System.out.println("HelloWorld TNonblockingServer start ...."); TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>(new HelloWorldServiceImpl()); TNonblockingServerSocket tnbSocketTransport = new TNonblockingServerSocket(SERVER_PORT);
TNonblockingServer.Args tnbArgs = new TNonblockingServer.Args(tnbSocketTransport);
tnbArgs.processor(tprocessor);
tnbArgs.transportFactory(new TFramedTransport.Factory());
tnbArgs.protocolFactory(new TCompactProtocol.Factory()); // 使用非阻塞式IO,服务端和客户端需要指定TFramedTransport数据传输的方式
TServer server = new TNonblockingServer(tnbArgs);
server.serve(); } catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Server start error!!!");
e.printStackTrace();
}
} public static void main(String[] args) {
HelloServerDemo server = new HelloServerDemo();
server.startServer();
}
}编写客户端Client代码:HelloAsynClientDemo.java
package com.thrift.demo.client; import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import org.apache.thrift.TException;
import org.apache.thrift.async.AsyncMethodCallback;
import org.apache.thrift.async.TAsyncClientManager;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocolFactory;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingSocket;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingTransport; import com.thrift.demo.service.HelloWorldService;
import com.thrift.demo.service.HelloWorldService.AsyncClient.sayHello_call; /**
************************************************************
* @类名 HelloAsynClientDemo
*
* @AUTHOR Neo
************************************************************
*/
public class HelloClientDemo { public static final String SERVER_IP = "127.0.0.1"; public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8191; public static final int TIMEOUT = 30000; public void startClient(String userName) {
try {
TAsyncClientManager clientManager = new TAsyncClientManager();
TNonblockingTransport transport = new TNonblockingSocket(SERVER_IP, SERVER_PORT, TIMEOUT); TProtocolFactory tprotocol = new TCompactProtocol.Factory();
HelloWorldService.AsyncClient asyncClient = new HelloWorldService.AsyncClient(tprotocol, clientManager, transport);
System.out.println("Client start ....."); CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
AsynCallback callBack = new AsynCallback(latch);
System.out.println("call method sayHello start ...");
asyncClient.sayHello(userName, callBack);
System.out.println("call method sayHello .... end");
boolean wait = latch.await(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
System.out.println("latch.await =:" + wait);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("startClient end.");
} public class AsynCallback implements AsyncMethodCallback<sayHello_call> { private CountDownLatch latch; public AsynCallback(CountDownLatch latch) {
this.latch = latch;
} @Override
public void onComplete(sayHello_call response) {
System.out.println("onComplete");
try {
// Thread.sleep(1000L * 1);
System.out.println("AsynCall result =:" + response.getResult().toString());
} catch (TException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
latch.countDown();
}
} @Override
public void onError(Exception exception) {
System.out.println("onError :" + exception.getMessage());
latch.countDown();
}
} public static void main(String[] args) {
HelloAsynClientDemo client = new HelloAsynClientDemo();
client.startClient("Neo");
} }先运行服务程序,再运行客户端程序,测试结果如下:
Client start .....
call method sayHello start ...
call method sayHello .... end
onComplete
AsynCall result =:Hello World,Hello Thrift!!! Hi:Neo
latch.await =:true
startClient end.设计思路
- Thrift的Server类型有TSimpleServer、TNonblockingServer、THsHaServer、TThreadedSelectorServer、TThreadPoolServer
- TSimpleServer是单线程阻塞IO的方式,仅用于demo
- TNonblockingServer是单线程非阻塞IO的方式,通过java.nio.channels.Selector的select()接收连接请求,但是处理消息仍然是单线程,吞吐量有限不可用于生产
- THsHaServer使用一个单独的线程处理IO,一个独立的worker线程池处理消息, 可以并行处理所有请求
- TThreadPoolServer使用一个专用连接接收connection,一旦接收到请求就会放入ThreadPoolExecutor中的一个worker里处理,当请求处理完毕该worker释放并回到线程池中,可以配置线程最大值,当达到线程最大值时请求会被阻塞。TThreadPoolServer性能表现优异,代价是并发高时会创建大量线程
- TThreadedSelectorServer是thrift 0.8引入的实现,处理IO也使用了线程池,比THsHaServer有更高的吞吐量和更低的时延,与TThreadPoolServer比性能相近且能应对网络IO较多的情况
- 对于客户端较少的情况,TThreadPoolServer也有优异的性能表现,但是考虑到未来SOA可能的高并发,决定采用TThreadedSelectorServer