目录:
- 概述
- 下载配置
- 基本概念
- 数据类型
- 服务端编码基本步骤
- 客户端编码基本步骤
- 数据传输协议
- thrift生成代码
- 实现接口Iface
- TSimpleServer服务模型
- TThreadPoolServer 服务模型
- TNonblockingServer 服务模型
- THsHaServer服务模型
- 异步客户端
[一]、概述
Apache Thrift 是 Facebook 实现的一种高效的、支持多种编程语言的远程服务调用的框架。Thrift是由Facebook开发的,并在2008年捐给了Apache基金会,成为了一个孵化器项目。
Thrift是一个软件框架,用来进行可扩展且跨语言的服务的开发。它结合了功能强大的软件堆栈和代码生成引擎,
Thrift是一个驱动层接口,它提供了用于客户端使用多种语言实现的API。
Thrift是个代码生成库,支持的客户端语言包括C++, Java, Python, PHP, Ruby, Erlang, Perl, Haskell, C#, Cocoa, JavaScript, Node.js, Smalltalk, and OCaml 。它的目标是为了各种流行的语言提供便利的RPC调用机制,而不需要使用那些开销巨大的方式,比如SOAP。
要使用Thrift,就要使用一个语言中立的服务定义文件,描述数据类型和服务接口。这个文件会被用作引擎的输入,编译器生成代码为每种支持的语言生成RPC客户端代码库。这种静态生成的设计让它非常容易被开发者所使用,而且因为类型验证都发生在编译期而非运行期,所以代码可以很有效率地运行。
Thrift的设计提供了以下这些特性:
1、语言无关的类型
因为类型是使用定义文件按照语言中立的方式规定的,所以它们可以被不同的语言分析。比如,C++的结构可以和Python的字典类型相互交换数据。
2、通用传输接口
不论你使用的是磁盘文件、内存数据还是socket流,都可以使用同一段应用代码。
3、协议无关
Thrift会对数据类型进行编码和解码,可以跨协议使用。
4、支持版本
数据类型可以加入版本信息,来支持客户端API的更新。
官网地址:thrift.apache.org
推荐值得一看的文章:
- http://jnb.ociweb.com/jnb/jnbJun2009.html
- http://wiki.apache.org/thrift
- http://thrift.apache.org/static/files/thrift-20070401.pdf
[二]、下载配置
1)安装thrift:到thrift官网下载exe文件,然后将文件重命名为thrift.exe,拷贝到D:\EBOOK\thrift目录下(或者任何目录下),然后就可以在dos环境下使用了
D:\EBOOK\thrift>thrift -gen java D:\work\workspace\thriftworkspace\demo1\demoHello.thrift ,输出的java文件默认输出到当前目录下D:\EBOOK\thrift\gen-java,也可以使用-o参数指定输出路径;
2)下载相关依赖包
2.1)libthrift.jar ,下载地址:http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/thrift/libthrift/0.9.0/
2.2)slf4j-api.jar
2.3)slf4j-simple.jar
到官网http://thrift.apache.org/download 下载最新版本,截止今日(2016-05-23)最新版本为0.9.3
1. 如果是Maven构建项目的,直接在pom.xml 中添加如下内容:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.thrift</groupId>
<artifactId>libthrift</artifactId>
<version>0.8.0</version>
</dependency>
2.如果自己编译lib包,把下载的压缩包解压到X:盘,然后在X:\thrift-0.8.0\lib\java 目录下运行ant进行自动编译,会在X:\thrift-0.8.0\lib\java\build\ 目录下看到编译好的lib包:libthrift-0.8.0.jar
[三]、基本概念
1.数据类型
- 基本类型:
- bool:布尔值,true 或 false,对应 Java 的 boolean
- byte:8 位有符号整数,对应 Java 的 byte
- i16:16 位有符号整数,对应 Java 的 short
- i32:32 位有符号整数,对应 Java 的 int
- i64:64 位有符号整数,对应 Java 的 long
- double:64 位浮点数,对应 Java 的 double
- string:utf-8编码的字符串,对应 Java 的 String
- 结构体类型:
- struct:定义公共的对象,类似于 C 语言中的结构体定义,在 Java 中是一个 JavaBean
- 容器类型:
- list:对应 Java 的 ArrayList
- set:对应 Java 的 HashSet
- map:对应 Java 的 HashMap
- 异常类型:
- exception:对应 Java 的 Exception
- 服务类型:
- service:对应服务的类
2.服务端编码基本步骤:
- 实现服务处理接口impl
- 创建TProcessor
- 创建TServerTransport
- 创建TProtocol
- 创建TServer
- 启动Server
3.客户端编码基本步骤:
- 创建Transport
- 创建TProtocol
- 基于TTransport和TProtocol创建 Client
- 调用Client的相应方法
4.数据传输协议
- TBinaryProtocol : 二进制格式.
- TCompactProtocol : 压缩格式
- TJSONProtocol : JSON格式
- TSimpleJSONProtocol : 提供JSON只写协议, 生成的文件很容易通过脚本语言解析
tips:客户端和服务端的协议要一致
[四]、实例演示
1. thrift生成代码
创建Thrift文件:D:\work\workspace\thriftworkspace\demo1\demoHello.thrift ,内容如下:
namespace java com.dxz.thrift.demo service HelloWorldService {
string sayHello(:string username)
}
thrift-0.8.0.exe 是官网提供的windows下编译工具,运用这个工具生成相关代码:
D:\EBOOK\thrift>thrift-0.9..exe -r -gen java D:\work\workspace\thriftworkspace\demo1\demoHello.thrift
生成后的目录结构如下:
将生成的HelloWorldService.java 文件copy到自己测试的工程中,我的工程是用maven构建的,故在pom.xml中增加如下内容:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.thrift</groupId>
<artifactId>libthrift</artifactId>
<version>0.8.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.5.8</version>
</dependency>
如果是ant构建的工程,将libthrift-0.9.3.jar加入到工程中
2. 实现接口Iface
java代码:HelloWorldImpl.java
package com.dxz.thrift.demo; import org.apache.thrift.TException; public class HelloWorldImpl implements HelloWorldService.Iface { public HelloWorldImpl() {
} @Override
public String sayHello(String username) throws TException {
return "Hi," + username + " welcome to thrift world";
} }
3.TSimpleServer服务端
简单的单线程服务模型,一般用于测试。
编写服务端server代码:HelloServerDemo.java
package com.dxz.thrift.demo; import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TJSONProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TSimpleJSONProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TSimpleServer;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerSocket; public class HelloServerDemo {
public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090; public void startServer() {
try {
System.out.println("HelloWorld TSimpleServer start ...."); TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>(new HelloWorldImpl());
// HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>
// tprocessor =
// new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>(
// new HelloWorldImpl()); // 简单的单线程服务模型,一般用于测试
TServerSocket serverTransport = new TServerSocket(SERVER_PORT);
TServer.Args tArgs = new TServer.Args(serverTransport);
tArgs.processor(tprocessor);
tArgs.protocolFactory(new TBinaryProtocol.Factory());
// tArgs.protocolFactory(new TCompactProtocol.Factory());
// tArgs.protocolFactory(new TJSONProtocol.Factory());
TServer server = new TSimpleServer(tArgs);
server.serve(); } catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Server start error!!!");
e.printStackTrace();
}
} /**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
HelloServerDemo server = new HelloServerDemo();
server.startServer();
} }
编写客户端Client代码:HelloClientDemo.java
package com.dxz.thrift.demo; import org.apache.thrift.TException;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TJSONProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransport;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException; public class HelloClientDemo { public static final String SERVER_IP = "localhost";
public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090;
public static final int TIMEOUT = 30000; /**
*
* @param userName
*/
public void startClient(String userName) {
TTransport transport = null;
try {
transport = new TSocket(SERVER_IP, SERVER_PORT, TIMEOUT);
// 协议要和服务端一致
TProtocol protocol = new TBinaryProtocol(transport);
// TProtocol protocol = new TCompactProtocol(transport);
// TProtocol protocol = new TJSONProtocol(transport);
HelloWorldService.Client client = new HelloWorldService.Client(protocol);
transport.open();
String result = client.sayHello(userName);
System.out.println("Thrify client result =: " + result);
} catch (TTransportException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (TException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (null != transport) {
transport.close();
}
}
} /**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
HelloClientDemo client = new HelloClientDemo();
client.startClient("china"); } }
先运行服务端程序,日志如下:
HelloWorld TSimpleServer start ....
再运行客户端调用程序,日志如下:
Thrify client result =: Hi,china welcome to thrift world.
测试成功,和预期的返回信息一致。
4.TThreadPoolServer 服务模型
线程池服务模型,使用标准的阻塞式IO,预先创建一组线程处理请求。
编写服务端代码:HelloServerDemo2.java
package com.dxz.thrift.demo; import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadPoolServer;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerSocket; public class HelloServerDemo2 {
public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090; public void startServer() {
try {
System.out.println("HelloWorld TThreadPoolServer start ...."); TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>(new HelloWorldImpl()); TServerSocket serverTransport = new TServerSocket(SERVER_PORT);
TThreadPoolServer.Args ttpsArgs = new TThreadPoolServer.Args(serverTransport);
ttpsArgs.processor(tprocessor);
ttpsArgs.protocolFactory(new TBinaryProtocol.Factory()); // 线程池服务模型,使用标准的阻塞式IO,预先创建一组线程处理请求。
TServer server = new TThreadPoolServer(ttpsArgs);
server.serve(); } catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Server start error!!!");
e.printStackTrace();
}
} /**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
HelloServerDemo2 server = new HelloServerDemo2();
server.startServer();
} }
客户端Client代码和之前的一样,只要数据传输的协议一致即可,客户端测试成功,结果如下:
Thrify client result =: Hi,china welcome to thrift world.
5.TNonblockingServer 服务模型
使用非阻塞式IO,服务端和客户端需要指定 TFramedTransport 数据传输的方式。
编写服务端代码:HelloServerDemo3.java
package com.dxz.thrift.demo; import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TNonblockingServer;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadPoolServer;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingServerSocket;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerSocket; public class HelloServerDemo3 {
public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090; public void startServer() {
try {
System.out.println("HelloWorld TNonblockingServer start ...."); TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>(new HelloWorldImpl()); TNonblockingServerSocket tnbSocketTransport = new TNonblockingServerSocket(SERVER_PORT);
TNonblockingServer.Args tnbArgs = new TNonblockingServer.Args(tnbSocketTransport);
tnbArgs.processor(tprocessor);
tnbArgs.transportFactory(new TFramedTransport.Factory());
tnbArgs.protocolFactory(new TCompactProtocol.Factory()); // 使用非阻塞式IO,服务端和客户端需要指定TFramedTransport数据传输的方式
TServer server = new TNonblockingServer(tnbArgs);
server.serve(); } catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Server start error!!!");
e.printStackTrace();
}
} /**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
HelloServerDemo3 server = new HelloServerDemo3();
server.startServer();
} }
编写客户端代码:HelloClientDemo3.java
package com.dxz.thrift.demo; import org.apache.thrift.TException;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TJSONProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransport;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException;
import org.apache.thrift.TException;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransport;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException; public class HelloClientDemo3 { public static final String SERVER_IP = "localhost";
public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090;
public static final int TIMEOUT = 30000; public void startClient(String userName) {
TTransport transport = null;
try {
transport = new TFramedTransport(new TSocket(SERVER_IP, SERVER_PORT, TIMEOUT));
// 协议要和服务端一致
TProtocol protocol = new TCompactProtocol(transport);
HelloWorldService.Client client = new HelloWorldService.Client(protocol);
transport.open();
String result = client.sayHello(userName);
System.out.println("Thrify client result =: " + result);
} catch (TTransportException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (TException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (null != transport) {
transport.close();
}
}
} /**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
HelloClientDemo3 client = new HelloClientDemo3();
client.startClient("HelloClientDemo3"); } }
客户端的测试成功,结果如下:
Thrify client result =: Hi,HelloClientDemo3 welcome to thrift world.
6.THsHaServer服务模型
半同步半异步的服务端模型,需要指定为: TFramedTransport 数据传输的方式。
编写服务端代码:HelloServerDemo4.java
package com.dxz.thrift.demo; import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.server.THsHaServer;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TNonblockingServer;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TSimpleServer;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadPoolServer;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingServerSocket;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerSocket; public class HelloServerDemo4 {
public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090; public void startServer() {
try {
System.out.println("HelloWorld THsHaServer start ...."); TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>(new HelloWorldImpl()); TNonblockingServerSocket tnbSocketTransport = new TNonblockingServerSocket(SERVER_PORT);
THsHaServer.Args thhsArgs = new THsHaServer.Args(tnbSocketTransport);
thhsArgs.processor(tprocessor);
thhsArgs.transportFactory(new TFramedTransport.Factory());
thhsArgs.protocolFactory(new TBinaryProtocol.Factory()); // 半同步半异步的服务模型
TServer server = new THsHaServer(thhsArgs);
server.serve(); } catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Server start error!!!");
e.printStackTrace();
}
} /**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
HelloServerDemo4 server = new HelloServerDemo4();
server.startServer();
} }
客户端代码HelloClientDemo4.java
package com.dxz.thrift.demo; import java.io.IOException; import org.apache.thrift.TException;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransport;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException; public class HelloClientDemo4 { public static final String SERVER_IP = "localhost";
public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090;
public static final int TIMEOUT = 30000; public void startClient(String userName) {
TTransport transport = null;
try {
transport = new TFramedTransport(new TSocket(SERVER_IP, SERVER_PORT, TIMEOUT));
// 协议要和服务端一致
TProtocol protocol = new TBinaryProtocol(transport);
// TProtocol protocol = new TCompactProtocol(transport);
// TProtocol protocol = new TJSONProtocol(transport);
HelloWorldService.Client client = new HelloWorldService.Client(protocol);
transport.open();
String result = client.sayHello(userName);
System.out.println("Thrify client result =: " + result);
} catch (TTransportException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (TException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (null != transport) {
transport.close();
}
}
} /**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
HelloClientDemo4 client = new HelloClientDemo4();
client.startClient("HelloClientDemo4"); } }
结果:Thrify client result =: Hi,HelloClientDemo4 welcome to thrift world.
7.异步客户端
编写服务端代码:HelloServerDemo5.java
package com.dxz.thrift.demo; import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TNonblockingServer;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingServerSocket; public class HelloServerDemo5 {
public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090; public void startServer() {
try {
System.out.println("HelloWorld TNonblockingServer start ...."); TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>(new HelloWorldImpl()); TNonblockingServerSocket tnbSocketTransport = new TNonblockingServerSocket(SERVER_PORT);
TNonblockingServer.Args tnbArgs = new TNonblockingServer.Args(tnbSocketTransport);
tnbArgs.processor(tprocessor);
tnbArgs.transportFactory(new TFramedTransport.Factory());
tnbArgs.protocolFactory(new TCompactProtocol.Factory()); // 使用非阻塞式IO,服务端和客户端需要指定TFramedTransport数据传输的方式
TServer server = new TNonblockingServer(tnbArgs);
server.serve(); } catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Server start error!!!");
e.printStackTrace();
}
} /**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
HelloServerDemo5 server = new HelloServerDemo5();
server.startServer();
} }
编写客户端Client代码:HelloAsynClientDemo.java
package com.dxz.thrift.demo; import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import org.apache.thrift.TException;
import org.apache.thrift.async.AsyncMethodCallback;
import org.apache.thrift.async.TAsyncClientManager;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocolFactory;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingSocket;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingTransport;
import com.dxz.thrift.demo.HelloWorldService.AsyncClient.sayHello_call; public class HelloAsynClientDemo { public static final String SERVER_IP = "localhost";
public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090;
public static final int TIMEOUT = 30000; public void startClient(String userName) {
try {
TAsyncClientManager clientManager = new TAsyncClientManager();
TNonblockingTransport transport = new TNonblockingSocket(SERVER_IP, SERVER_PORT, TIMEOUT); TProtocolFactory tprotocol = new TCompactProtocol.Factory();
HelloWorldService.AsyncClient asyncClient = new HelloWorldService.AsyncClient(tprotocol, clientManager,
transport);
System.out.println("Client start ....."); CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
AsynCallback callBack = new AsynCallback(latch);
System.out.println("call method sayHello start ...");
asyncClient.sayHello(userName, callBack);
System.out.println("call method sayHello .... end");
boolean wait = latch.await(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
System.out.println("latch.await =:" + wait);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("startClient end.");
} public class AsynCallback implements AsyncMethodCallback<sayHello_call> {
private CountDownLatch latch; public AsynCallback(CountDownLatch latch) {
this.latch = latch;
} @Override
public void onComplete(sayHello_call response) {
System.out.println("onComplete");
try {
// Thread.sleep(1000L * 1);
System.out.println("AsynCall result =:" + response.getResult().toString());
} catch (TException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
latch.countDown();
}
} @Override
public void onError(Exception exception) {
System.out.println("onError :" + exception.getMessage());
latch.countDown();
}
} /**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
HelloAsynClientDemo client = new HelloAsynClientDemo();
client.startClient("HelloAsynClientDemo"); } }
先运行服务程序,再运行客户端程序,测试结果如下:
Client start .....
call method sayHello start ...
call method sayHello .... end
onComplete
AsynCall result =:Hi,HelloAsynClientDemo welcome to thrift world.
latch.await =:true
startClient end.