Apache Thrift学习之一(入门及Java实例演示)

目录:

  • 概述
  • 下载配置
  • 基本概念
  1. 数据类型
  2. 服务端编码基本步骤
  3. 客户端编码基本步骤
  4. 数据传输协议
  • 实例演示(java)
    1. thrift生成代码
    2. 实现接口Iface
    3. TSimpleServer服务模型
    4. TThreadPoolServer 服务模型
    5. TNonblockingServer 服务模型
    6. THsHaServer服务模型
    7. 异步客户端
  • [一]、概述

    Apache Thrift 是 Facebook 实现的一种高效的、支持多种编程语言的远程服务调用的框架。Thrift是由Facebook开发的,并在2008年捐给了Apache基金会,成为了一个孵化器项目。

    Thrift是一个软件框架,用来进行可扩展且跨语言的服务的开发。它结合了功能强大的软件堆栈和代码生成引擎,

    Thrift是一个驱动层接口,它提供了用于客户端使用多种语言实现的API。
    Thrift是个代码生成库,支持的客户端语言包括C++, Java, Python, PHP, Ruby, Erlang, Perl, Haskell, C#, Cocoa, JavaScript, Node.js, Smalltalk, and OCaml 。它的目标是为了各种流行的语言提供便利的RPC调用机制,而不需要使用那些开销巨大的方式,比如SOAP。

    要使用Thrift,就要使用一个语言中立的服务定义文件,描述数据类型和服务接口。这个文件会被用作引擎的输入,编译器生成代码为每种支持的语言生成RPC客户端代码库。这种静态生成的设计让它非常容易被开发者所使用,而且因为类型验证都发生在编译期而非运行期,所以代码可以很有效率地运行。

    Thrift的设计提供了以下这些特性:
    1、语言无关的类型
    因为类型是使用定义文件按照语言中立的方式规定的,所以它们可以被不同的语言分析。比如,C++的结构可以和Python的字典类型相互交换数据。
    2、通用传输接口
    不论你使用的是磁盘文件、内存数据还是socket流,都可以使用同一段应用代码。
    3、协议无关
    Thrift会对数据类型进行编码和解码,可以跨协议使用。
    4、支持版本
    数据类型可以加入版本信息,来支持客户端API的更新。

    官网地址:thrift.apache.org

    推荐值得一看的文章:

    [二]、下载配置

    1)安装thrift:到thrift官网下载exe文件,然后将文件重命名为thrift.exe,拷贝到D:\EBOOK\thrift目录下(或者任何目录下),然后就可以在dos环境下使用了

      D:\EBOOK\thrift>thrift -gen java D:\work\workspace\thriftworkspace\demo1\demoHello.thrift ,输出的java文件默认输出到当前目录下D:\EBOOK\thrift\gen-java,也可以使用-o参数指定输出路径;

    2)下载相关依赖包

    2.1)libthrift.jar ,下载地址:http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/thrift/libthrift/0.9.0/

    2.2)slf4j-api.jar

    2.3)slf4j-simple.jar

    到官网http://thrift.apache.org/download 下载最新版本,截止今日(2016-05-23)最新版本为0.9.3

    Apache Thrift学习之一(入门及Java实例演示)

    1. 如果是Maven构建项目的,直接在pom.xml 中添加如下内容:

    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.thrift</groupId>
    <artifactId>libthrift</artifactId>
    <version>0.8.0</version>
    </dependency>

    2.如果自己编译lib包,把下载的压缩包解压到X:盘,然后在X:\thrift-0.8.0\lib\java 目录下运行ant进行自动编译,会在X:\thrift-0.8.0\lib\java\build\ 目录下看到编译好的lib包:libthrift-0.8.0.jar

    Apache Thrift学习之一(入门及Java实例演示)

    Apache Thrift学习之一(入门及Java实例演示)

    [三]、基本概念

    1.数据类型

    • 基本类型:
      • bool:布尔值,true 或 false,对应 Java 的 boolean
      • byte:8 位有符号整数,对应 Java 的 byte
      • i16:16 位有符号整数,对应 Java 的 short
      • i32:32 位有符号整数,对应 Java 的 int
      • i64:64 位有符号整数,对应 Java 的 long
      • double:64 位浮点数,对应 Java 的 double
      • string:utf-8编码的字符串,对应 Java 的 String
    • 结构体类型:
      • struct:定义公共的对象,类似于 C 语言中的结构体定义,在 Java 中是一个 JavaBean
    • 容器类型:
      • list:对应 Java 的 ArrayList
      • set:对应 Java 的 HashSet
      • map:对应 Java 的 HashMap
    • 异常类型:
      • exception:对应 Java 的 Exception
    • 服务类型:
      • service:对应服务的类

    2.服务端编码基本步骤:

    • 实现服务处理接口impl
    • 创建TProcessor
    • 创建TServerTransport
    • 创建TProtocol
    • 创建TServer
    • 启动Server

    3.客户端编码基本步骤:

    • 创建Transport
    • 创建TProtocol
    • 基于TTransport和TProtocol创建 Client
    • 调用Client的相应方法

    4.数据传输协议

    • TBinaryProtocol : 二进制格式.
    • TCompactProtocol : 压缩格式
    • TJSONProtocol : JSON格式
    • TSimpleJSONProtocol : 提供JSON只写协议, 生成的文件很容易通过脚本语言解析

    tips:客户端和服务端的协议要一致

    [四]、实例演示

    1. thrift生成代码

    创建Thrift文件:D:\work\workspace\thriftworkspace\demo1\demoHello.thrift ,内容如下:

    namespace java com.dxz.thrift.demo
    
    service  HelloWorldService {
    string sayHello(:string username)
    }

    thrift-0.8.0.exe 是官网提供的windows下编译工具,运用这个工具生成相关代码:

    D:\EBOOK\thrift>thrift-0.9..exe -r -gen java D:\work\workspace\thriftworkspace\demo1\demoHello.thrift

    生成后的目录结构如下:

    Apache Thrift学习之一(入门及Java实例演示)

    将生成的HelloWorldService.java 文件copy到自己测试的工程中,我的工程是用maven构建的,故在pom.xml中增加如下内容:

    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.thrift</groupId>
    <artifactId>libthrift</artifactId>
    <version>0.8.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
    <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
    <version>1.5.8</version>
    </dependency>

    如果是ant构建的工程,将libthrift-0.9.3.jar加入到工程中

    2. 实现接口Iface

    java代码:HelloWorldImpl.java

    package com.dxz.thrift.demo;
    
    import org.apache.thrift.TException;
    
    public class HelloWorldImpl implements HelloWorldService.Iface {
    
        public HelloWorldImpl() {
    } @Override
    public String sayHello(String username) throws TException {
    return "Hi," + username + " welcome to thrift world";
    } }

    3.TSimpleServer服务端

    简单的单线程服务模型,一般用于测试。

    编写服务端server代码:HelloServerDemo.java

    package com.dxz.thrift.demo;
    
    import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TJSONProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TSimpleJSONProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;
    import org.apache.thrift.server.TSimpleServer;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerSocket; public class HelloServerDemo {
    public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090; public void startServer() {
    try {
    System.out.println("HelloWorld TSimpleServer start ...."); TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>(new HelloWorldImpl());
    // HelloWorldService.Processor&lt;HelloWorldService.Iface&gt;
    // tprocessor =
    // new HelloWorldService.Processor&lt;HelloWorldService.Iface&gt;(
    // new HelloWorldImpl()); // 简单的单线程服务模型,一般用于测试
    TServerSocket serverTransport = new TServerSocket(SERVER_PORT);
    TServer.Args tArgs = new TServer.Args(serverTransport);
    tArgs.processor(tprocessor);
    tArgs.protocolFactory(new TBinaryProtocol.Factory());
    // tArgs.protocolFactory(new TCompactProtocol.Factory());
    // tArgs.protocolFactory(new TJSONProtocol.Factory());
    TServer server = new TSimpleServer(tArgs);
    server.serve(); } catch (Exception e) {
    System.out.println("Server start error!!!");
    e.printStackTrace();
    }
    } /**
    * @param args
    */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    HelloServerDemo server = new HelloServerDemo();
    server.startServer();
    } }

    编写客户端Client代码:HelloClientDemo.java

    package com.dxz.thrift.demo;
    
    import org.apache.thrift.TException;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TJSONProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransport;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException; public class HelloClientDemo { public static final String SERVER_IP = "localhost";
    public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090;
    public static final int TIMEOUT = 30000; /**
    *
    * @param userName
    */
    public void startClient(String userName) {
    TTransport transport = null;
    try {
    transport = new TSocket(SERVER_IP, SERVER_PORT, TIMEOUT);
    // 协议要和服务端一致
    TProtocol protocol = new TBinaryProtocol(transport);
    // TProtocol protocol = new TCompactProtocol(transport);
    // TProtocol protocol = new TJSONProtocol(transport);
    HelloWorldService.Client client = new HelloWorldService.Client(protocol);
    transport.open();
    String result = client.sayHello(userName);
    System.out.println("Thrify client result =: " + result);
    } catch (TTransportException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (TException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
    if (null != transport) {
    transport.close();
    }
    }
    } /**
    * @param args
    */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    HelloClientDemo client = new HelloClientDemo();
    client.startClient("china"); } }

    先运行服务端程序,日志如下:

    HelloWorld TSimpleServer start ....

    再运行客户端调用程序,日志如下:

    Thrify client result =: Hi,china welcome to thrift world.

    测试成功,和预期的返回信息一致。

    4.TThreadPoolServer 服务模型

    线程池服务模型,使用标准的阻塞式IO,预先创建一组线程处理请求。

    编写服务端代码:HelloServerDemo2.java

    package com.dxz.thrift.demo;
    
    import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;
    import org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadPoolServer;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerSocket; public class HelloServerDemo2 {
    public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090; public void startServer() {
    try {
    System.out.println("HelloWorld TThreadPoolServer start ...."); TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>(new HelloWorldImpl()); TServerSocket serverTransport = new TServerSocket(SERVER_PORT);
    TThreadPoolServer.Args ttpsArgs = new TThreadPoolServer.Args(serverTransport);
    ttpsArgs.processor(tprocessor);
    ttpsArgs.protocolFactory(new TBinaryProtocol.Factory()); // 线程池服务模型,使用标准的阻塞式IO,预先创建一组线程处理请求。
    TServer server = new TThreadPoolServer(ttpsArgs);
    server.serve(); } catch (Exception e) {
    System.out.println("Server start error!!!");
    e.printStackTrace();
    }
    } /**
    * @param args
    */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    HelloServerDemo2 server = new HelloServerDemo2();
    server.startServer();
    } }

    客户端Client代码和之前的一样,只要数据传输的协议一致即可,客户端测试成功,结果如下:

    Thrify client result =: Hi,china welcome to thrift world.

    5.TNonblockingServer 服务模型

    使用非阻塞式IO,服务端和客户端需要指定 TFramedTransport 数据传输的方式。

    编写服务端代码:HelloServerDemo3.java

    package com.dxz.thrift.demo;
    
    import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.server.TNonblockingServer;
    import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;
    import org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadPoolServer;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingServerSocket;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerSocket; public class HelloServerDemo3 {
    public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090; public void startServer() {
    try {
    System.out.println("HelloWorld TNonblockingServer start ...."); TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>(new HelloWorldImpl()); TNonblockingServerSocket tnbSocketTransport = new TNonblockingServerSocket(SERVER_PORT);
    TNonblockingServer.Args tnbArgs = new TNonblockingServer.Args(tnbSocketTransport);
    tnbArgs.processor(tprocessor);
    tnbArgs.transportFactory(new TFramedTransport.Factory());
    tnbArgs.protocolFactory(new TCompactProtocol.Factory()); // 使用非阻塞式IO,服务端和客户端需要指定TFramedTransport数据传输的方式
    TServer server = new TNonblockingServer(tnbArgs);
    server.serve(); } catch (Exception e) {
    System.out.println("Server start error!!!");
    e.printStackTrace();
    }
    } /**
    * @param args
    */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    HelloServerDemo3 server = new HelloServerDemo3();
    server.startServer();
    } }

    编写客户端代码:HelloClientDemo3.java

    package com.dxz.thrift.demo;
    
    import org.apache.thrift.TException;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TJSONProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransport;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException;
    import org.apache.thrift.TException;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransport;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException; public class HelloClientDemo3 { public static final String SERVER_IP = "localhost";
    public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090;
    public static final int TIMEOUT = 30000; public void startClient(String userName) {
    TTransport transport = null;
    try {
    transport = new TFramedTransport(new TSocket(SERVER_IP, SERVER_PORT, TIMEOUT));
    // 协议要和服务端一致
    TProtocol protocol = new TCompactProtocol(transport);
    HelloWorldService.Client client = new HelloWorldService.Client(protocol);
    transport.open();
    String result = client.sayHello(userName);
    System.out.println("Thrify client result =: " + result);
    } catch (TTransportException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (TException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
    if (null != transport) {
    transport.close();
    }
    }
    } /**
    * @param args
    */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    HelloClientDemo3 client = new HelloClientDemo3();
    client.startClient("HelloClientDemo3"); } }

    客户端的测试成功,结果如下:

    Thrify client result =: Hi,HelloClientDemo3 welcome to thrift world.

    6.THsHaServer服务模型

    半同步半异步的服务端模型,需要指定为: TFramedTransport 数据传输的方式。

    编写服务端代码:HelloServerDemo4.java

    package com.dxz.thrift.demo;
    
    import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.server.THsHaServer;
    import org.apache.thrift.server.TNonblockingServer;
    import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;
    import org.apache.thrift.server.TSimpleServer;
    import org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadPoolServer;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingServerSocket;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerSocket; public class HelloServerDemo4 {
    public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090; public void startServer() {
    try {
    System.out.println("HelloWorld THsHaServer start ...."); TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>(new HelloWorldImpl()); TNonblockingServerSocket tnbSocketTransport = new TNonblockingServerSocket(SERVER_PORT);
    THsHaServer.Args thhsArgs = new THsHaServer.Args(tnbSocketTransport);
    thhsArgs.processor(tprocessor);
    thhsArgs.transportFactory(new TFramedTransport.Factory());
    thhsArgs.protocolFactory(new TBinaryProtocol.Factory()); // 半同步半异步的服务模型
    TServer server = new THsHaServer(thhsArgs);
    server.serve(); } catch (Exception e) {
    System.out.println("Server start error!!!");
    e.printStackTrace();
    }
    } /**
    * @param args
    */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    HelloServerDemo4 server = new HelloServerDemo4();
    server.startServer();
    } }

    客户端代码HelloClientDemo4.java

    package com.dxz.thrift.demo;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    import org.apache.thrift.TException;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransport;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException; public class HelloClientDemo4 { public static final String SERVER_IP = "localhost";
    public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090;
    public static final int TIMEOUT = 30000; public void startClient(String userName) {
    TTransport transport = null;
    try {
    transport = new TFramedTransport(new TSocket(SERVER_IP, SERVER_PORT, TIMEOUT));
    // 协议要和服务端一致
    TProtocol protocol = new TBinaryProtocol(transport);
    // TProtocol protocol = new TCompactProtocol(transport);
    // TProtocol protocol = new TJSONProtocol(transport);
    HelloWorldService.Client client = new HelloWorldService.Client(protocol);
    transport.open();
    String result = client.sayHello(userName);
    System.out.println("Thrify client result =: " + result);
    } catch (TTransportException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (TException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
    if (null != transport) {
    transport.close();
    }
    }
    } /**
    * @param args
    */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    HelloClientDemo4 client = new HelloClientDemo4();
    client.startClient("HelloClientDemo4"); } }

    结果:Thrify client result =: Hi,HelloClientDemo4 welcome to thrift world.

    7.异步客户端

    编写服务端代码:HelloServerDemo5.java

    package com.dxz.thrift.demo;
    
    import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.server.TNonblockingServer;
    import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingServerSocket; public class HelloServerDemo5 {
    public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090; public void startServer() {
    try {
    System.out.println("HelloWorld TNonblockingServer start ...."); TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>(new HelloWorldImpl()); TNonblockingServerSocket tnbSocketTransport = new TNonblockingServerSocket(SERVER_PORT);
    TNonblockingServer.Args tnbArgs = new TNonblockingServer.Args(tnbSocketTransport);
    tnbArgs.processor(tprocessor);
    tnbArgs.transportFactory(new TFramedTransport.Factory());
    tnbArgs.protocolFactory(new TCompactProtocol.Factory()); // 使用非阻塞式IO,服务端和客户端需要指定TFramedTransport数据传输的方式
    TServer server = new TNonblockingServer(tnbArgs);
    server.serve(); } catch (Exception e) {
    System.out.println("Server start error!!!");
    e.printStackTrace();
    }
    } /**
    * @param args
    */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    HelloServerDemo5 server = new HelloServerDemo5();
    server.startServer();
    } }

    编写客户端Client代码:HelloAsynClientDemo.java

    package com.dxz.thrift.demo;
    
    import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
    import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import org.apache.thrift.TException;
    import org.apache.thrift.async.AsyncMethodCallback;
    import org.apache.thrift.async.TAsyncClientManager;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocolFactory;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingSocket;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingTransport;
    import com.dxz.thrift.demo.HelloWorldService.AsyncClient.sayHello_call; public class HelloAsynClientDemo { public static final String SERVER_IP = "localhost";
    public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090;
    public static final int TIMEOUT = 30000; public void startClient(String userName) {
    try {
    TAsyncClientManager clientManager = new TAsyncClientManager();
    TNonblockingTransport transport = new TNonblockingSocket(SERVER_IP, SERVER_PORT, TIMEOUT); TProtocolFactory tprotocol = new TCompactProtocol.Factory();
    HelloWorldService.AsyncClient asyncClient = new HelloWorldService.AsyncClient(tprotocol, clientManager,
    transport);
    System.out.println("Client start ....."); CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
    AsynCallback callBack = new AsynCallback(latch);
    System.out.println("call method sayHello start ...");
    asyncClient.sayHello(userName, callBack);
    System.out.println("call method sayHello .... end");
    boolean wait = latch.await(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    System.out.println("latch.await =:" + wait);
    } catch (Exception e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    }
    System.out.println("startClient end.");
    } public class AsynCallback implements AsyncMethodCallback<sayHello_call> {
    private CountDownLatch latch; public AsynCallback(CountDownLatch latch) {
    this.latch = latch;
    } @Override
    public void onComplete(sayHello_call response) {
    System.out.println("onComplete");
    try {
    // Thread.sleep(1000L * 1);
    System.out.println("AsynCall result =:" + response.getResult().toString());
    } catch (TException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (Exception e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
    latch.countDown();
    }
    } @Override
    public void onError(Exception exception) {
    System.out.println("onError :" + exception.getMessage());
    latch.countDown();
    }
    } /**
    * @param args
    */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    HelloAsynClientDemo client = new HelloAsynClientDemo();
    client.startClient("HelloAsynClientDemo"); } }

    先运行服务程序,再运行客户端程序,测试结果如下:

    Client start .....
    call method sayHello start ...
    call method sayHello .... end
    onComplete
    AsynCall result =:Hi,HelloAsynClientDemo welcome to thrift world.
    latch.await =:true
    startClient end.
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