添加依赖

  <dependency>
            <groupId>net.logstash.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logstash-logback-encoder</artifactId>
            <version>4.9</version>
        </dependency>

logback-spring.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--该日志将日志级别不同的log信息保存到不同的文件中 -->
<configuration>
    <include resource="org/springframework/boot/logging/logback/defaults.xml" />

    <springProperty scope="context" name="springAppName"
                    source="spring.application.name" />

    <!-- 日志在工程中的输出位置 -->
    <property name="LOG_FILE" value="${BUILD_FOLDER:-build}/${springAppName}" />

    <!-- 控制台的日志输出样式 -->
    <property name="CONSOLE_LOG_PATTERN"
              value="%clr(%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS}){faint} %clr(${LOG_LEVEL_PATTERN:-%5p}) %clr(${PID:- }){magenta} %clr(---){faint} %clr([%15.15t]){faint} %m%n${LOG_EXCEPTION_CONVERSION_WORD:-%wEx}}" />

    <!-- 控制台输出 -->
    <appender name="console" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter">
            <level>INFO</level>
        </filter>
        <!-- 日志输出编码 -->
        <encoder>
            <pattern>${CONSOLE_LOG_PATTERN}</pattern>
            <charset>utf8</charset>
        </encoder>
    </appender>

    <!-- 为logstash输出的JSON格式的Appender -->
    <appender name="logstash"
              class="net.logstash.logback.appender.LogstashTcpSocketAppender">
        <destination>127.0.0.1:5044</destination>
        <!-- 日志输出编码 -->
        <encoder
                class="net.logstash.logback.encoder.LoggingEventCompositeJsonEncoder">
            <providers>
                <timestamp>
                    <timeZone>UTC</timeZone>
                </timestamp>
                <pattern>
                    <pattern>
                        {
                        "severity": "%level",
                        "service": "${springAppName:-}",
                        "trace": "%X{X-B3-TraceId:-}",
                        "span": "%X{X-B3-SpanId:-}",
                        "exportable": "%X{X-Span-Export:-}",
                        "pid": "${PID:-}",
                        "thread": "%thread",
                        "class": "%logger{40}",
                        "rest": "%message"
                        }
                    </pattern>
                </pattern>
            </providers>
        </encoder>
    </appender>

    <!-- 日志输出级别 -->
    <root level="INFO">
        <appender-ref ref="console" />
        <appender-ref ref="logstash" />
    </root>
    
</configuration>

需要修改 logstash 配置

input {
    tcp {
        port => 5044
        codec => json_lines

    }

}
output{
    elasticsearch {
    hosts => ["localhost:9200"]

    }

}