filebeat工作原理

ilebeat是本地文件的日志数据采集器。 作为服务器上的代理安装，Filebeat监视日志目录或特定日志文件，tail file，并将它们转发给Elasticsearch或Logstash进行索引、kafka 等。

filebeat单纯采集如果logstash sprunk plume等运行业务节点直接采集处理在数据量大时很容易消耗较多资源，业务节点应该采用单纯的采集工具到后端去处理，如filebeat FluentBit logtail等只做采集处理。

工作原理：

Filebeat由两个主要组件组成：prospector 和harvester。这些组件一起工作来读取文件（tail file）并将事件数据发送到您指定的输出

启动Filebeat时，它会启动一个或多个查找器，查看您为日志文件指定的本地路径。 对于prospector 所在的每个日志文件，prospector 启动harvester。 每个harvester都会为新内容读取单个日志文件，并将新日志数据发送到libbeat，后者将聚合事件并将聚合数据发送到您为Filebeat配置的输出。

 

harvester

harvester :负责读取单个文件的内容。读取每个文件，并将内容发送到 the output
每个文件启动一个harvester, harvester 负责打开和关闭文件，这意味着在运行时文件描述符保持打开状态
如果文件在读取时被删除或重命名，Filebeat将继续读取文件。
这有副作用，即在harvester关闭之前，磁盘上的空间被保留。默认情况下，Filebeat将文件保持打开状态，直到达到close_inactive状态

关闭harvester会产生以下结果：
1）如果在harvester仍在读取文件时文件被删除，则关闭文件句柄，释放底层资源。
2）文件的采集只会在scan_frequency过后重新开始。
3）如果在harvester关闭的情况下移动或移除文件，则不会继续处理文件。

要控制收割机何时关闭，请使用close_ *配置选项

prospector

prospector 负责管理harvester并找到所有要读取的文件来源。
如果输入类型为日志，则查找器将查找路径匹配的所有文件，并为每个文件启动一个harvester。
每个prospector都在自己的Go协程中运行。

以下示例将Filebeat配置为从与指定的匹配的所有日志文件中收集行：

filebeat.prospectors:
- type: log
  paths:
    - /var/log/*.log
    - /var/path2/*.log

Filebeat目前支持两种prospector类型：log和stdin。
每个prospector类型可以定义多次。
日志prospector检查每个文件以查看harvester是否需要启动，是否已经运行，
或者该文件是否可以被忽略（请参阅ignore_older）。
只有在harvester关闭后文件的大小发生了变化，才会读取到新行。

注：Filebeat prospector只能读取本地文件， 没有功能可以连接到远程主机来读取存储的文件或日志。

Filebeat如何保持文件的状态？

Filebeat 保存每个文件的状态并经常将状态刷新到磁盘上的注册文件中。
该状态用于记住harvester正在读取的最后偏移量，并确保发送所有日志行。
如果输出（例如Elasticsearch或Logstash）无法访问，Filebeat会跟踪最后发送的行，并在输出再次可用时继续读取文件。
在Filebeat运行时，每个prospector内存中也会保存的文件状态信息，
当重新启动Filebeat时，将使用注册文件的数据来重建文件状态，Filebeat将每个harvester在从保存的最后偏移量继续读取。

每个prospector为它找到的每个文件保留一个状态。
由于文件可以被重命名或移动，因此文件名和路径不足以识别文件。
对于每个文件，Filebeat存储唯一标识符以检测文件是否先前已采集过。

如果您的使用案例涉及每天创建大量新文件，您可能会发现注册文件增长过大。请参阅注册表文件太大？编辑有关您可以设置以解决此问题的配置选项的详细信息。

Filebeat如何确保至少一次交付

Filebeat保证事件至少会被传送到配置的输出一次，并且不会丢失数据。 Filebeat能够实现此行为，因为它将每个事件的传递状态存储在注册文件中。

在输出阻塞或未确认所有事件的情况下，Filebeat将继续尝试发送事件，直到接收端确认已收到。

如果Filebeat在发送事件的过程中关闭，它不会等待输出确认所有收到事件。
发送到输出但在Filebeat关闭前未确认的任何事件在重新启动Filebeat时会再次发送。
这可以确保每个事件至少发送一次，但最终会将重复事件发送到输出。
也可以通过设置shutdown_timeout选项来配置Filebeat以在关闭之前等待特定时间。

注意：
Filebeat的至少一次交付保证包括日志轮换和删除旧文件的限制。如果将日志文件写入磁盘并且写入速度超过Filebeat可以处理的速度，或者在输出不可用时删除了文件，则可能会丢失数据。
在Linux上，Filebeat也可能因inode重用而跳过行。有关inode重用问题的更多详细信息，请参阅filebeat常见问题解答。

filebeat安装使用：

ilebeat轻量客户端的引入
不需要使用正则的时候
  可直接用filebeat发送日志给es，用得比较少
  用得比较多filebeat -> Logstash做一些日志的分析提取

Filebeat的二进制安装
  yum localinstall filebeat-7.6.2-x86_64.rpm -y

先创建索引模板，不然filebeat创建的索引模板无用内容较多
PUT _template/sjgtemplate
{
  "index_patterns": ["sjg*"],
  "settings":{
    "number_of_shards": 2,
    "number_of_replicas": 0
  }
}

filebeat安装设置模板

Filebeat发送日志到ES配置filebeat.yml
filebeat.inputs:
- type: log
  tail_files: true
  backoff: "1s"
  paths:
      - /var/log/secure

processors:
- drop_fields:
    fields: ["agent","ecs","input"]

output:
  elasticsearch:
    hosts: ["192.168.238.90:9200", "192.168.238.92:9200"]
    username: elastic
    password: sjgpwd
    index: "sjgfb-secure-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

setup.template.name: "sjgtemplate"
setup.template.pattern: "sjg*"
setup.ilm.enabled: false

filebeat发送采集信息到es

Filebeat+Logstash实现日志的分析处理
logstash配置监听在5044，Filebeat把日志发送Logstash
input {
  beats {
    host => '0.0.0.0'
    port => 5044
  }
}

Filebeat发送到Logstash
filebeat.inputs:
- type: log
  tail_files: true
  backoff: "1s"
  paths:
    - /var/log/secure

processors:
- drop_fields:
    fields: ["agent","ecs","log","input"]

output:
  logstash:
    hosts: ["192.168.238.90:5044"]

filebeat发送日志到logstash

Filebeat多行日志分析-Mysql慢日志
分析Mysql慢日志
cat <<EOF >>/var/log/mysql-slow
# Time: 210725 14:40:11
# User@Host: root[root] @  [127.0.0.1]  Id:    15
# Query_time: 1.716442  Lock_time: 0.000069 Rows_sent: 0  Rows_examined: 461120
use zabbix;
SET timestamp=1589268946;
select count(1) from history;
# Time: 210725 14:33:15
# User@Host: root[root] @  [127.0.0.1]  Id:    21
# Query_time: 6.759307  Lock_time: 2.000038 Rows_sent: 0  Rows_examined: 3307868
SET timestamp=1589269067;
select count(1) from history;
# Time: 210725 14:33:17
# User@Host: root[root] @  [127.0.0.1]  Id:    21
# Query_time: 8.759307  Lock_time: 1.000038 Rows_sent: 0  Rows_examined: 3307868
SET timestamp=1589269067;
select count(1) from history;
EOF

Filebeat多行日志分析-先输出文件
filebeat.inputs:
- type: log
  tail_files: true
  backoff: "1s"
  paths:
      - /var/log/mysql-slow
  multiline:
    pattern: '^# Time: \d+ \d+:\d+:\d+' #提取多行日志以time开头
    negate: true
    match: after

processors:
- drop_fields:
    fields: ["agent","ecs","log","input"] #过滤不需要内容

output.file:
  path: "/tmp/filebeat"
  filename: filebeat

filebeat分析mysql慢日志

        Logstash提取Mysql慢日志-多行提取
logstash正则提取多行日志，使用kibana的grok工具一步步提取
# Time: (?<timestamp>\d+ \d+:\d+:\d+)\s+# User@Host: %{WORD}\[%{WORD:remote_user}\]\s+@\s+\[%{IP:remote_ip}\].*\s+# Query_time:\s+%{NUMBER:query_time}\s+Lock_time:\s+%{NUMBER:lock_time}\s+Rows_sent: %{NUMBER:rows_sent}\s+Rows_examined: %{NUMBER:rows_examined}(?<runsql>(\s+.*)+)

timestamp时间覆盖
match => ["timestamp", "yyMMdd HH:mm:ss"]

索引名字更改
index => "sjgslow-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

Filebeat发送到logstah实现多行日志分析正则提取
output:
  logstash:
    hosts: ["192.168.238.90:5044"]

logstash正则处理mysql慢日志

Filebeat读取tomcat多行错误日志
日志模板
cat <<EOF >>/var/log/tomcat
25-Jul-2021 14:50:41.950 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextInitialized()
25-Jul-2021 13:51:45.954 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: attributeAdded('StockTicker', 'async.Stockticker@5b24dcf6')
25-Jul-2021 20:15:47.959 SEVERE [http-nio-8080-exec-1] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke Servlet.service() for servlet [jsp] in context with path [/sjg] threw exception [java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero] with root cause
at org.apache.jsp.sjg_jsp._jspService(sjg_jsp.java:110)
at org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase.service(HttpJspBase.java:71)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:741)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:476)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:386)
EOF

Filebeat提取多行日志看是否正常07-Aug-2020 16:25:40.952
filebeat.inputs:
- type: log
  tail_files: true
  backoff: "1s"
  paths:
      - /var/log/tomcat
  multiline:
    pattern: '^\d+-[a-zA-Z]+-\d+ \d+:\d+:\d+.\d+'
    negate: true
    match: after

processors:
- drop_fields:
    fields: ["agent","ecs","log","input"]

output.file:
  path: "/tmp/filebeat"
  filename: filebeat

        Logstash正则提取Tomcat错误日志-多行
logstash正则提取多行日志
(?<timestamp>\d+-[a-zA-Z]+-\d+ \d+:\d+:\d+.\d+) %{NOTSPACE:loglevel} %{NOTSPACE:thread}(?<loginfo>(\s+.*)+)

timestamp时间覆盖22-Jun-2020 15:31:14.428
match => ["timestamp", "dd-MMM-yyyy HH:mm:ss.SSS"]

索引名字更改
index => "sjgtomcat-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

Filebeat发送到logstash分析
output:
  logstash:
    hosts: ["192.168.238.90:5044"]

filebeat+logstash分析tomcat错误日志

Filebeat分析指定的日志内容

filebeat.inputs:
- type: log
  tail_files: true
  backoff: "1s"
  paths:
      - /var/log/secure

processors:
- drop_fields:
    fields: ["agent","ecs","log","input"]
- drop_event:
    when:
      contains:
        message: "session"

output.file:
  path: "/tmp/filebeat"
  filename: filebeat

filebeat去除无用日志

filebeat.inputs:
- type: log
  tail_files: true
  backoff: "1s"
  paths:
      - /var/log/secure
processors:
- drop_fields:
    fields: ["agent","ecs","log","input"]
- drop_event:
    when:
      regexp:
        message: "session|polkitd"
output.file:
  path: "/tmp/filebeat"
  filename: filebeat

filebeat去除无用日志-采用正则

filebeat.inputs:
- type: log
  tail_files: true
  backoff: "1s"
  paths:
      - /var/log/secure

processors:
- drop_fields:
    fields: ["agent","ecs","log","input"]
- drop_event:
    when:
      not:
        contains:
          message: "password"

output.file:
  path: "/tmp/filebeat"
  filename: filebeat

filebeat指定日志分析-保留有用内容

filebeat.inputs:
- type: log
  tail_files: true
  backoff: "1s"
  paths:
      - /var/log/secure

processors:
- drop_fields:
    fields: ["agent","ecs","log","input"]
- drop_event:
    when:
      not:
        regexp:
          message: "password|session"

output.file:
  path: "/tmp/filebeat"
  filename: filebeat

filebeat指定日志分析-保留有用内容-采用正则

 

filebeat分析日志输出到es

Filebeat分析指定日志输到ES
系统日志需要配置带年份的

Logstash配置提取系统日志
input {
  beats {
    host => '0.0.0.0'
    port => 5044
  }
}
filter {
  grok {
    match => {
      "message" => '%{TIMESTAMP_ISO8601:timestamp} %{NOTSPACE} %{NOTSPACE:procinfo}: (?<secinfo>.*)'
    }
    remove_field => ["message"]
  }
  date {
    match => ["timestamp", "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"]
    target => "@timestamp"
  }
  mutate {
    remove_field => ["timestamp"]
  }
}
output {
  elasticsearch {
    hosts => ["http://192.168.238.90:9200", "http://192.168.238.92:9200"]
    user => "elastic"
    password => "sjgpwd"
    index => "sjgsecure-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
  }
}

filebeat发送给logstash分析
filebeat.inputs:
- type: log
  tail_files: true
  backoff: "1s"
  paths:
      - /var/log/secure

processors:
- drop_fields:
    fields: ["agent","ecs","log","input"]
- drop_event:
    when:
      not:
        contains:
          message: "password"
output:
  logstash:
    hosts: ["192.168.238.90:5044"]

采集系统日志输出到es

Filebeat采集多个日志应用

采集多个日志
  一台服务器采集多个日志的需求
  可针对不同的日志去做不同的提取，使用不同的索引

Filebeat采集多个日志输出到文件
filebeat.inputs:
- type: log
  tail_files: true
  backoff: "1s"
  paths:
      - /var/log/nginx/access.log
  fields:
    type: access
  fields_under_root: true

- type: log
  tail_files: true
  backoff: "1s"
  paths:
      - /var/log/secure
  fields:
    type: system
  fields_under_root: true

processors:
- drop_fields:
    fields: ["agent","ecs","log","input"]

output.file:
  path: "/tmp/filebeat"
  filename: filebeat

Logstash通过type字段进行判断
input {
  beats {
    host => '0.0.0.0'
    port => 5044
  }
}
filter {
  if [type] == "access" {
    grok {
      match => {
        "message" => '%{IP:remote_addr} - (%{WORD:remote_user}|-) \[%{HTTPDATE:time_local}\] "%{WORD:method} %{NOTSPACE:request} HTTP/%{NUMBER}" %{NUMBER:status} %{NUMBER:body_bytes_sent} %{QS} %{QS:http_user_agent}'
      }
      remove_field => ["message"]
    }
    date {
      match => ["time_local", "dd/MMM/yyyy:HH:mm:ss Z"]
      target => "@timestamp"
    }
  }
  else if [type] == "system" {
  }
}
output {
  if [type] == "access" {
    elasticsearch {
      hosts => ["http://192.168.238.90:9200", "http://192.168.238.92:9200"]
      user => "elastic"
      password => "sjgpwd"
      index => "sjgaccess-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
    }
  }
  else if [type] == "system" {
    elasticsearch {
      hosts => ["http://192.168.238.90:9200", "http://192.168.238.92:9200"]
      user => "elastic"
      password => "sjgpwd"
      index => "sjgsystem-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
    }
  }
}

发送给logstash分析
output:
  logstash:
    hosts: ["xxx:5044"]

filebeat采集多个日志发送es

Filebeat采集Json格式的日志
elk分析json格式的日志

Json格式日志直接采集
log_format json '{"@timestamp":"$time_iso8601",'
                 '"remote_addr":"$remote_addr",'
                 '"status":$status,'
                 '"body_bytes_sent":$body_bytes_sent,'
                 '"http_referer":"$http_referer",'
                 '"http_user_agent":"$http_user_agent",'
                 '"request_time":$request_time,'
                 '"request":"$uri"}';
access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.json.log  json;

Filebeat采集Json格式的日志
filebeat.inputs:
- type: log
  tail_files: true
  backoff: "1s"
  paths:
      - /var/log/nginx/access.json.log

processors:
- drop_fields:
    fields: ["agent","ecs","log","input"]

output.file:
  path: "/tmp/filebeat"
  filename: filebeat

Logstash解析Json日志
input {
  beats {
    host => '0.0.0.0'
    port => 5044
  }
}
filter {
  json {
    source => "message"
    remove_field => ["message"]
  }
}
output {
  elasticsearch {
    hosts => ["http://192.168.238.90:9200", "http://192.168.238.92:9200"]
    user => "elastic"
    password => "sjgpwd"
    index => "sjgjson-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
  }
}

发送到logstash
output:
  logstash:
    hosts: ["192.168.238.90:5044"]

filebeat采集json日志发送logstash

filebeat采集多个日志发送kafka

filebeat.inputs:
- type: log
  tail_files: true
  backoff: "1s"
  paths:
      - /var/log/secure
  fields:
    type: system
  fields_under_root: true

- type: log
  tail_files: true
  backoff: "1s"
  paths:
      - /var/log/nginx/access.log
  fields:
    type: nginx
  fields_under_root: true

- type: log
  tail_files: true
  backoff: "1s"
  paths:
      - /var/log/tomcat
  fields:
    type: tomcat
  fields_under_root: true
  multiline:
    pattern: '^\d+-[a-zA-Z]+-\d+ \d+:\d+:\d+.\d+'
    negate: true
    match: after

- type: log
  tail_files: true
  backoff: "1s"
  paths:
      - /var/log/mysql-slow
  fields:
    type: mysql
  fields_under_root: true
  multiline:
    pattern: '^# Time: \d+ \d+:\d+:\d+'
    negate: true
    match: after

processors:
- drop_fields:
    fields: ["agent","ecs","input","ecs","log"]
- drop_event:
    when:
      regexp:
        message: "session|polkitd"
output:
  kafka:
    hosts: ["172.17.166.217:9092", "172.17.166.218:9092", "172.17.166.219:9092"]
    topic: sjg

filebeat采集日志发送kafka