Pandas系列(十)-转换连接详解

目录

  • 1. 拼接
  • 1.1 append
  • 1.2 concat
  • 2. 关联
  • 2.1 merge
  • 2.2 join

数据准备

# 导入相关库
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
"""
拼接
有两个DataFrame,都存储了用户的一些信息,现在要拼接起来,组成一个DataFrame,如何实现呢?
"""
data1 = {
    "name": ["Tom", "Bob"],
    "age": [18, 30],
    "city": ["Bei Jing ", "Shang Hai "]
}
df1 = pd.DataFrame(data=data1)
df1
Out[85]: 
  name  age        city
0  Tom   18   Bei Jing 
1  Bob   30  Shang Hai 
data2 = {
    "name": ["Mary", "James"],
    "age": [35, 18],
    "city": ["Guang Zhou", "Shen Zhen"]
}
df2 = pd.DataFrame(data=data2)
df2
Out[86]: 
    name  age        city
0   Mary   35  Guang Zhou
1  James   18   Shen Zhen

 1. 拼接

  1.1 append

Pandas系列(十)-转换连接详解

def append(self, other, ignore_index=False,verify_integrity=False, sort=None):

  append 是最简单的拼接两个DataFrame的方法。

df1.append(df2)
Out[87]: 
    name  age        city
0    Tom   18   Bei Jing 
1    Bob   30  Shang Hai 
0   Mary   35  Guang Zhou
1  James   18   Shen Zhen

可以看到,拼接后的索引默认还是原有的索引,如果想要重新生成索引的话,设置参数 ignore_index=True 即可。

df1.append(df2, ignore_index=True)
Out[88]: 
    name  age        city
0    Tom   18   Bei Jing 
1    Bob   30  Shang Hai 
2   Mary   35  Guang Zhou
3  James   18   Shen Zhen

  1.2 concat

Pandas系列(十)-转换连接详解

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  除了 append 这种方式之外,还有 concat 这种方式可以实现相同的功能。

pd.concat(objs, axis=0, join=‘outer‘, join_axes=None, ignore_index=False,
           keys=None, levels=None, names=None, verify_integrity=False,
           sort=None, copy=True):

 例子

objs=[df1, df2]
pd.concat(objs, ignore_index=True)
Out[89]: 
    name  age        city
0    Tom   18   Bei Jing 
1    Bob   30  Shang Hai 
2   Mary   35  Guang Zhou
3  James   18   Shen Zhen

如果想要区分出不同的DataFrame的数据,可以通过设置参数 keys,当然得设置参数 ignore_index=False。

pd.concat(objs, ignore_index=False, keys=["df1", "df2"])
Out[90]: 
        name  age        city
df1 0    Tom   18   Bei Jing 
    1    Bob   30  Shang Hai 
df2 0   Mary   35  Guang Zhou
    1  James   18   Shen Zhen

2. 关联

  有两个DataFrame,分别存储了用户的部分信息,现在需要将用户的这些信息关联起来,如何实现呢?

  2.1 merge

Pandas系列(十)-转换连接详解

    def merge(self, right, how=‘inner‘, on=None, left_on=None, right_on=None,
              left_index=False, right_index=False, sort=False,
              suffixes=(‘_x‘, ‘_y‘), copy=True, indicator=False,
              validate=None):

  通过 pd.merge 可以关联两个DataFrame,这里我们设置参数 on="name",表示依据 name 来作为关联键。默认how=‘inner‘,我们可以设置成outer

data1 = {
    "name": ["Tom", "Bob", "Mary", "James"],
    "age": [18, 30, 35, 18],
    "city": ["Bei Jing ", "Shang Hai ", "Guang Zhou", "Shen Zhen"]
}
df1 = pd.DataFrame(data=data1)
df1
data2 = {"name": ["Bob", "Mary", "James", "Andy"],
        "sex": ["male", "female", "male", np.nan],
         "income": [8000, 8000, 4000, 6000]
}
df2 = pd.DataFrame(data=data2)
df2
pd.merge(df1,df2,on="name")
Out[91]: 
    name  age        city     sex  income
0    Bob   30  Shang Hai     male    8000
1   Mary   35  Guang Zhou  female    8000
2  James   18   Shen Zhen    male    4000
#关联后发现数据变少了,只有 3 行数据,这是因为默认关联的方式是 inner,如果不想丢失任何数据,可以设置参数 how="outer"。
pd.merge(df1,df2,on="name",how="outer")
Out[92]: 
    name   age        city     sex  income
0    Tom  18.0   Bei Jing      NaN     NaN
1    Bob  30.0  Shang Hai     male  8000.0
2   Mary  35.0  Guang Zhou  female  8000.0
3  James  18.0   Shen Zhen    male  4000.0
4   Andy   NaN         NaN     NaN  6000.0

如果我们想保留左边所有的数据,可以设置参数 how="left";反之,如果想保留右边的所有数据,可以设置参数 how="right"

pd.merge(df1, df2, on="name", how="left")
Out[93]: 
    name  age        city     sex  income
0    Tom   18   Bei Jing      NaN     NaN
1    Bob   30  Shang Hai     male  8000.0
2   Mary   35  Guang Zhou  female  8000.0
3  James   18   Shen Zhen    male  4000.0

有时候,两个 DataFrame 中需要关联的键的名称不一样,可以通过 left_on 和 right_on 来分别设置。

df1.rename(columns={"name": "name1"}, inplace=True)
df1
Out[94]: 
   name1  age        city
0    Tom   18   Bei Jing 
1    Bob   30  Shang Hai 
2   Mary   35  Guang Zhou
3  James   18   Shen Zhen
df2.rename(columns={"name": "name2"}, inplace=True)
df2
Out[95]: 
   name2     sex  income
0    Bob    male    8000
1   Mary  female    8000
2  James    male    4000
3   Andy     NaN    6000
pd.merge(df1, df2, left_on="name1", right_on="name2")
Out[96]: 
   name1  age        city  name2     sex  income
0    Bob   30  Shang Hai     Bob    male    8000
1   Mary   35  Guang Zhou   Mary  female    8000
2  James   18   Shen Zhen  James    male    4000 

  有时候,两个DataFrame中都包含相同名称的字段,如何处理呢?

  我们可以设置参数 suffixes,默认 suffixes=(‘_x‘, ‘_y‘) 表示将相同名称的左边的DataFrame的字段名加上后缀 _x,右边加上后缀 _y。

df1["sex"] = "male"
df1
Out[97]: 
   name1  age        city   sex
0    Tom   18   Bei Jing   male
1    Bob   30  Shang Hai   male
2   Mary   35  Guang Zhou  male
3  James   18   Shen Zhen  male
pd.merge(df1, df2, left_on="name1", right_on="name2")
Out[98]: 
   name1  age        city sex_x  name2   sex_y  income
0    Bob   30  Shang Hai   male    Bob    male    8000
1   Mary   35  Guang Zhou  male   Mary  female    8000
2  James   18   Shen Zhen  male  James    male    4000
pd.merge(df1, df2, left_on="name1", right_on="name2", suffixes=("_left", "_right"))
Out[99]: 
   name1  age        city sex_left  name2 sex_right  income
0    Bob   30  Shang Hai      male    Bob      male    8000
1   Mary   35  Guang Zhou     male   Mary    female    8000
2  James   18   Shen Zhen     male  James      male    4000

  2.2 join

def join(self, other, on=None, how=‘left‘, lsuffix=‘‘, rsuffix=‘‘,sort=False):

  除了 merge 这种方式外,还可以通过 join 这种方式实现关联。相比 merge,join 这种方式有以下几个不同:

  (1)默认参数on=None,表示关联时使用左边和右边的索引作为键,设置参数on可以指定的是关联时左边的所用到的键名

  (2)左边和右边字段名称重复时,通过设置参数 lsuffix 和 rsuffix 来解决。

df1.join(df2.set_index("name2"), on="name1", lsuffix="_left")
Out[100]: 
   name1  age        city sex_left     sex  income
0    Tom   18   Bei Jing      male     NaN     NaN
1    Bob   30  Shang Hai      male    male  8000.0
2   Mary   35  Guang Zhou     male  female  8000.0
3  James   18   Shen Zhen     male    male  4000.0

数据合并综合代码

from pandas import concat


def data_concat(dir_name, to_file_path, drop_duplicates: bool = False):
    """
    数据纵向合并
    :param dir_name: 数据来源文件夹名称
    :param to_file_path: 合并数据保存文件夹
    :param drop_duplicates: 是否去重
    :return:
    """
    objs = (read_excel(f‘{dir_name}/{file}‘) for file in os.listdir(dir_name))
    merge_data = concat(objs=objs, ignore_index=True)
    if drop_duplicates:
        merge_data.drop_duplicates(inplace=True)
    merge_data.to_excel(to_file_path, index=False)


if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
    data_concat(dir_name=‘data1‘, to_file_path=‘merge_data.xlsx‘, drop_duplicates=True)
  • 融汇贯通 
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""
Datetime: 2020/07/05
Author: Zhang Yafei
Description: 合并文件
"""
from pandas import read_csv, read_excel, merge, concat, DataFrame


def read_file(file_path, on):
    if file_path.endswith(‘.csv‘):
        return read_csv(file_path)
    if file_path.endswith(‘.xls‘) or file_path.endswith(‘xlsx‘):
        return read_excel(file_path)


def df_to_file(df: DataFrame, file_path: str, index: bool = True, encoding: str = ‘utf_8_sig‘):
    if file_path.endswith(‘.csv‘):
        df.to_csv(file_path, index=index, encoding=encoding)
    if file_path.endswith(‘.xls‘) or file_path.endswith(‘xlsx‘):
        df.to_excel(file_path, index=index)


def merge_two_data(file1: str, file2: str, on: str = None, left_on: str = None, right_on: str = None,
                   how: str = ‘inner‘, to_file: str = None):
    """
    横向合并两个文件
    @param file1:
    @param file2:
    @param on:
    @param left_on:
    @param right_on:
    @param how:
    @param to_file:
    @return:
    """
    df1 = read_file(file1)
    df2 = read_file(file2)
    merge_df = merge(df1, df2, on=on, how=how, left_on=left_on, right_on=right_on)
    if to_file:
        if to_file.endswith(‘.csv‘):
            merge_df.to_csv(to_file, encoding=‘utf_8_sig‘, index=False)
        elif to_file.endswith(‘xls‘) or to_file.endswith(‘xlsx‘):
            merge_df.to_excel(to_file, index=False)
    else:
        return merge_df


def append_two_file(file1: str, file2: str, to_file: str = None):
    """
    纵向合并两个文件
    @param file1:
    @param file2:
    @param to_file:
    @return:
    """
    df1 = read_file(file1)
    df2 = read_file(file2)
    df3 = df1.append(df2, ignore_index=True)
    if to_file:
        df_to_file(df3, to_file, index=False)
    else:
        return df3


def join_two_file(file1: str, file2: str, on: str = None, how: str = ‘left‘, to_file: str = None):
    """
    横向合并两个文件
    @param file1:
    @param file2:
    @param on:
    @param how:
    @param to_file:
    @return:
    """
    df1 = read_file(file1)
    df2 = read_file(file2)
    df3 = df1.join(df2, on=on, how=how)
    if to_file:
        df_to_file(df3, to_file, index=False)
    else:
        return df3


def concat_more_data(axis: int = 0, to_file=None, encoding=‘utf_8_sig‘, *files):
    """
    多个文件合并
    @param axis: 0/index 1/column 若axis=1, 默认基于索引将多个文件合并
    @param to_file: 导出文件路径
    @param encoding: 导出文件编码
    @param files: 合并文件路径
    @return:
    """
    if len(files) > 1:
        objs = [read_file(file) for file in files]
        merge_data = concat(objs=objs, axis=axis)
        if to_file:
            df_to_file(merge_data, to_file, index=False, encoding=encoding)
        else:
            return merge_data
    else:
        raise Exception(‘合并的文件个数小于2,不能进行合并,请输入大于等于两个文件路径‘)

  

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Pandas系列(十)-转换连接详解
作者:张亚飞
gitee:https://gitee.com/zhangyafeii
本文版权归作者和博客园共有,欢迎转载,但未经作者同意必须保留此段声明,且在文章页面明显位置给出原文连接。
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