How to use a PCL tutorial in ROS

Create a ROS package

$ catkin_create_pkg my_pcl_tutorial pcl_conversions pcl_ros roscpp sensor_msgs 

  <build_depend>libpcl-all-dev</build_depend>

  <run_depend>libpcl-all</run_depend>

Create the code skeleton

Create an empty file called src/example.cpp and paste the following code in it:

1 #include <ros/ros.h>
2 // PCL specific includes
3 #include <sensor_msgs/PointCloud2.h>
4 #include <pcl_conversions/pcl_conversions.h>
5 #include <pcl/point_cloud.h>
6 #include <pcl/point_types.h>
7
8 ros::Publisher pub;
9
10 void
11 cloud_cb (const sensor_msgs::PointCloud2ConstPtr& input)
12 {
13   // Create a container for the data.
14   sensor_msgs::PointCloud2 output;
15
16   // Do data processing here...
17   output = *input;
18
19   // Publish the data.
20   pub.publish (output);
21 }
22
23 int
24 main (int argc, char** argv)
25 {
26   // Initialize ROS
27   ros::init (argc, argv, "my_pcl_tutorial");
28   ros::NodeHandle nh;
29
30   // Create a ROS subscriber for the input point cloud
31   ros::Subscriber sub = nh.subscribe ("input", 1, cloud_cb);
32
33   // Create a ROS publisher for the output point cloud
34   pub = nh.advertise<sensor_msgs::PointCloud2> ("output", 1);
35
36   // Spin
37   ros::spin ();
38 }

The code above does nothing but initialize ROS, create a subscriber and a publisher for PointCloud2 data.

Add the source file to CMakeLists.txt

Edit the CMakeLists.txt file in your newly created package and add:

add_executable(example src/example.cpp)

target_link_libraries(example ${catkin_LIBRARIES})

Download the source code from the PCL tutorial

PCL has about four different ways of representing point cloud data, so it can get a bit confusing, but we'll try to keep it simple for you. The types are:

• sensor_msgs::PointCloud — ROS message (deprecated)

• sensor_msgs::PointCloud2 — ROS message

• pcl::PCLPointCloud2 — PCL data structure mostly for compatibility with ROS (I think)

• pcl::PointCloud<T> — standard PCL data structure

In the following code examples we will focus on the ROS message (sensor_msgs::PointCloud2) and the standard PCL data structure (pcl::PointCloud<T>). However, you should also note that pcl::PCLPointCloud2 is an important and useful type as well: you can directly subscribe to nodes using that type and it will be automatically serialized to/from the sensor_msgs type. See this example to try PCLPointCloud2 yourself.

sensor_msgs/PointCloud2

The sensor_msgs/PointCloud2 format was designed as a ROS message, and is the preferred choice for ROS applications. In the following example, we downsample a PointCloud2 structure using a 3D grid, thus reducing the number of points in the input dataset considerably.

To add this capability to the code skeleton above, perform the following steps:

• visit http://www.pointclouds.org/documentation/, click on Tutorials, then navigate to the Downsampling a PointCloud using a VoxelGrid filter tutorial (http://www.pointclouds.org/documentation/tutorials/voxel_grid.php)

• read the code and the explanations provided there. You will notice that the code breaks down essentially in 3 parts: 
  • load the cloud (lines 9-19)
  • process the cloud (lines 20-24)
  • save the output (lines 25-32)
• since we use ROS subscribers and publishers in our code snippet above, we can ignore the loading and saving of point cloud data using the PCD format. Thus, the only relevant part in the tutorial remains lines 20-24 that create the PCL object, pass the input data, and perform the actual computation:

1   // Create the filtering object
2   pcl::VoxelGrid<pcl::PCLPointCloud2> sor;
3   sor.setInputCloud (cloud);
4   sor.setLeafSize (0.01, 0.01, 0.01);
5   sor.filter (*cloud_filtered);

• In these lines, the input dataset is named cloud, and the output dataset is called cloud_filtered. We can copy this work, but remember from earlier that we said we wanted to work with the sensor_msgs class, not the pcl class. In order to do this, we're going to have to do a little bit of extra work to convert the ROS message to the PCL type. Modify the callback function as follows:

1 #include <pcl/filters/voxel_grid.h>
2
3 ...
4
5 void
6 cloud_cb (const sensor_msgs::PointCloud2ConstPtr& cloud_msg)
7 {
8   // Container for original & filtered data
9   pcl::PCLPointCloud2* cloud = new pcl::PCLPointCloud2;
10   pcl::PCLPointCloud2ConstPtr cloudPtr(cloud);
11   pcl::PCLPointCloud2 cloud_filtered;
12
13   // Convert to PCL data type
14   pcl_conversions::toPCL(*cloud_msg, *cloud);
15
16   // Perform the actual filtering
17   pcl::VoxelGrid<pcl::PCLPointCloud2> sor;
18   sor.setInputCloud (cloudPtr);
19   sor.setLeafSize (0.1, 0.1, 0.1);
20   sor.filter (cloud_filtered);
21
22   // Convert to ROS data type
23   sensor_msgs::PointCloud2 output;
24   pcl_conversions::fromPCL(cloud_filtered, output);
25
26   // Publish the data
27   pub.publish (output);
28 }

Save the output file then build:

$ cd %TOP_DIR_YOUR_CATKIN_HOME%

$ catkin_make

Then run:

$ rosrun my_pcl_tutorial example input:=/narrow_stereo_textured/points2

or, if you're running an OpenNI-compatible depth sensor, try:

$ roslaunch openni_launch openni.launch

$ rosrun my_pcl_tutorial example input:=/camera/depth/points

You can visualize the result by running RViz:

$ rosrun rviz rviz

and adding a "PointCloud2" display. Select camera_depth_frame for the Fixed Frame (or whatever frame is appropriate for your sensor) and select output for the PointCloud2 topic. You should see a highly downsampled point cloud. For comparison, you can view the /camera/depth/points topic and see how much it has been downsampled.

pcl/PointCloud<T>

The pcl/PointCloud<T> format represents the internal PCL point cloud format. For modularity and efficiency reasons, the format is templated on the point type, and PCL provides a list of templated common types which are SSE aligned. In the following example, we estimate the planar coefficients of the largest plane found in a scene.

To add this capability to the code skeleton above, perform the following steps:

• visit http://www.pointclouds.org/documentation/, click on Tutorials, then navigate to the Planar model segmentation tutorial (http://www.pointclouds.org/documentation/tutorials/planar_segmentation.php)

• read the code and the explanations provided there. You will notice that the code breaks down essentially in 3 parts: 
  • create a cloud and populate it with values (lines 12-30)
  • process the cloud (38-56)
  • write the coefficients (58-68)
• since we use ROS subscribers in our code snippet above, we can ignore the first step, and just process the cloud received on the callback directly. Thus, the only relevant part in the tutorial remains lines 38-56 that create the PCL object, pass the input data, and perform the actual computation:

1   pcl::ModelCoefficients coefficients;
2   pcl::PointIndices inliers;
3   // Create the segmentation object
4   pcl::SACSegmentation<pcl::PointXYZ> seg;
5   // Optional
6   seg.setOptimizeCoefficients (true);
7   // Mandatory
8   seg.setModelType (pcl::SACMODEL_PLANE);
9   seg.setMethodType (pcl::SAC_RANSAC);
10   seg.setDistanceThreshold (0.01);
11
12   seg.setInputCloud (cloud.makeShared ());
13   seg.segment (inliers, coefficients);

• In these lines, the input dataset is named cloud and is of type pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ>, and the output is represented by a set of point indices that contain the plane together with the plane coefficients. cloud.makeShared()creates a boost shared_ptr object for the object cloud (see the pcl::PointCloud API documentation).

Copy these lines, in the code snippet above, by modifying the callback function as follows:

1 #include <pcl/sample_consensus/model_types.h>
2 #include <pcl/sample_consensus/method_types.h>
3 #include <pcl/segmentation/sac_segmentation.h>
4
5 ...
6
7 void
8 cloud_cb (const sensor_msgs::PointCloud2ConstPtr& input)
9 {
10   // Convert the sensor_msgs/PointCloud2 data to pcl/PointCloud
11   pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ> cloud;
12   pcl::fromROSMsg (*input, cloud);
13
14   pcl::ModelCoefficients coefficients;
15   pcl::PointIndices inliers;
16   // Create the segmentation object
17   pcl::SACSegmentation<pcl::PointXYZ> seg;
18   // Optional
19   seg.setOptimizeCoefficients (true);
20   // Mandatory
21   seg.setModelType (pcl::SACMODEL_PLANE);
22   seg.setMethodType (pcl::SAC_RANSAC);
23   seg.setDistanceThreshold (0.01);
24
25   seg.setInputCloud (cloud.makeShared ());
26   seg.segment (inliers, coefficients);
27
28   // Publish the model coefficients
29   pcl_msgs::ModelCoefficients ros_coefficients;
30   pcl_conversions::fromPCL(coefficients, ros_coefficients);
31   pub.publish (ros_coefficients);
32 }

In addition, since we're now publishing the planar model coefficients found rather than point cloud data, we have to change our publisher type from:

  // Create a ROS publisher for the output point cloud

  pub = nh.advertise<sensor_msgs::PointCloud2> ("output", 1);

to:

  // Create a ROS publisher for the output model coefficients

  pub = nh.advertise<pcl_msgs::ModelCoefficients> ("output", 1);

Save the output file, then compile and run the code above:

$ rosrun my_pcl_tutorial example input:=/narrow_stereo_textured/points2

or, if you're running an OpenNI-compatible depth sensor, try:

$ rosrun my_pcl_tutorial example input:=/camera/depth/points

See the output with

$ rostopic echo output