python异常处理与断言
目录:
1.异常处理
2.断言(assert)
3.日志模块(logging)
4.修改之前的车票信息查询,把日志模块、异常处理加进去
1.异常处理
代码如下:
语法:
try:
pass #可能出现异常的语句
except Exception as e: #Exception 全部异常的通称
print(e)
finally: #可选项,不管有没有异常,finally里面的语句都执行
pass
#python 异常处理
try:
print("try:")
s=input("input:")
b=int(s)
c=int(input("input2:"))
s2=b/c
id=int(input("id:"))
print([1,2,3][id])
except ValueError as e1:
print("ValueError:")
print(e1)
except ZeroDivisionError as e2:
print("ZeroDivisionError:")
print(e2)
except Exception as e:
print(e)
finally: #不管有没有异常,finally里面的语句都执行
print("finally")
print("自己定义错误提示".center(20,"*"))
try:
print("try:")
s=input("input:")
b=int(s)
c=int(input("input2:"))
s2=b/c
id=int(input("id:"))
print([1,2,3][id])
except ValueError:
print("ValueError:")
print("输入的值不能转换成整数:")
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("ZeroDivisionError:")
print("被除数不能为0")
except Exception as e:
print(e)
finally:
print("finally")
2.断言(assert)
如果没有出错,断言语句不执行,不满足条件,不往下走
运行加-O 忽略全部的断言(不执行断言)
#断言assert
print("断言assert:")
try:
print("try:")
a=input("input:")
assert a.isdigit(),"输入的a不合法!"
b=int(a)
assert b!=0,"除数不为0!"
r=10/b
print("result:",r)
id=int(input("id:"))
l=[1,2,3]
assert id in range(len(l)),"索引超出范围!"
print(l[id])
except AssertionError as e:
print(e)
finally: #不管有没有异常,finally里面的语句都执行
print("finally")
3.日志模块(logging)
常用日志级别:info(通知)、debug(调试)、error(错误)、warning(警告)、critical(严重错误)
#日志模块logging
import logging
logging.basicConfig(
#日志级别
level=logging.DEBUG,
#日志格式
#时间、代码、行号、日志级别、日志信息
format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s',
#日志时间格式
#datefmt='%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S',
#日志存放目录
filename='logfile.log',
#打开日志文件的方式
filemode="a"
)
logging.debug("这是一个调试信息")
logging.info("这是一个通知信息")
logging.warning("这是一个警告信息")
logging.error("这是一个错误信息")
logging.critical("这是一个严重错误信息")
4.修改之前的车票信息查询,把日志模块、异常处理加进去
import requests
import logging
from prettytable import PrettyTable
logging.basicConfig(
#日志级别
level=logging.DEBUG,
#日志格式
format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s',
#日志存放目录
filename='logfile.log',
#打开日志文件的方式
filemode="a"
)
url="https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/js/framework/station_name.js?station_version=1.9090"
try:
txt=requests.get(url).text
except:
print("网络未连接!")
#print(txt)
inf=txt[:-2].split("@")[1:]
#print(inf)
stations={}
for record in inf:
rlist=record.split("|")
stations[rlist[2]]={"cn":rlist[1],"qp":rlist[3],"jp":rlist[4]} #把车站编码当作key
def getcode(t):
while True:
s1=input("%s站:"%t)
r1=[]
for id,station in stations.items():
if s1 in station.values():
r1.append((id,station))
if r1:
break
print("没有这个车站!")
print("请重新输入!")
if len(r1)==1:
sid=r1[0][0]
else:
print("你输入的条件比较模糊,请在以下站中进行选择:")
for i in range(len(r1)):
print(i+1,r1[i][1]["cn"])
sel=int(input("你的选择:"))-1
sid=r1[sel][0]
return sid
fromid=getcode("出发")
toid=getcode("到达")
fdate=input("出发日期(格式:2019-01-01):").strip()
qurl=("https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/queryZ?leftTicketDTO.train_date=%s&leftTicketDTO.from_station=%s&leftTicketDTO.to_station=%s&purpose_codes=ADULT")%(fdate,fromid,toid)
print(qurl)
print("你输入的查询条件是:出发站:{},到达站:{}".format(fromid,toid))
ainf=requests.get(qurl).json()["data"]["result"] #json文件存储当前从出发站到目的站的所有车次的详细信息
result=[]
gaotie=[]
huoche=[]
for i in ainf:
list=i.split("|")
checi=list[3]
chufa=stations[list[6]]["cn"]
mudi=stations[list[7]]["cn"]
ftime=list[8]
dtime=list[9]
sw=list[32]
yd=list[31]
rw=list[23]
yw=list[26]
wuzuo=list[28]
ed=list[30]
yz=list[29]
result.append((checi,chufa,mudi,ftime,dtime,ed,yz,wuzuo,yw,rw,yd,sw))
if checi[0] in ["G","D"]:
gaotie.append([checi,chufa,mudi,ftime,dtime,sw,yd,ed])
else:
huoche.append([checi,chufa,mudi,ftime,dtime,yz,yw,rw,wuzuo])
#print(result) while True:
print("请输入查看信息:1、全部 2、高铁、动车 3、火车 4、退出")
show=int(input("请选择:"))
if show==1:
table=PrettyTable(["车次","出发站","目的站","发车时间","到达时间","商务座","一等座","二等座","硬座","硬卧","软卧","无座"])
for i in result:
table.add_row([i[0],i[1],i[2],i[3],i[4],i[5],i[6],i[7],i[8],i[9],i[10],i[11]])
print(table)
elif show==2:
table=PrettyTable(["车次","出发站","目的站","发车时间","到达时间","商务座","一等座","二等座"])
for i in gaotie:
table.add_row([i[0],i[1],i[2],i[3],i[4],i[5],i[6],i[7]])
print(table)
elif show==3:
table=PrettyTable(["车次","出发站","目的站","发车时间","到达时间","硬座","硬卧","软卧","无座"])
for i in huoche:
table.add_row([i[0],i[1],i[2],i[3],i[4],i[5],i[6],i[7],i[8]])
print(table)
elif show==4:
print("查询结束!")
break
else:
print("输入错误请重新输入!")
日志记录查看: