对于应用程序的配置,通常的做法是将其保存在独立的配置文件中,程序启动时加载,修改时保存。Java中Properties类就提供了这样一种机制,配置项以Key-Value的数据结构存储在文本文件中,扩展名为".properties"。Properties的用法很简单,使用load(FileInputStream in)进行读取;使用getProperty(String key)来读取键值;使用put(String key, String value)添加键值对,使用store(FileOutputStream out)方法进行保存。
有时,配置文件只存储了关键项目,其余参数并没有存储在文件中,调用时需要给一个默认值。对于这种情况,Properties提供了两种解决办法:
(1)getProperty(String key, String defaultValue) 当指定key不存在时,返回默认值。
(2)Properties(Properties defaultProperties) 使用默认Properties进行构造,则defaultProperties提供了所有的默认值。
示例代码如下:
PropertiesDemo.java
package ConfigByPropertiesDemo; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;
import javax.swing.*; /*
* 功能:演示Properties的用法,实现JFrame窗体参数的设置和恢复
* 版本:20150805
* 结构:PropertiesDemo[主窗体],PreferencesDialog,PropertiesHelper
*/
public class PropertiesDemo extends JFrame { private String configDir;//配置文件目录
private File configPropertiesFile;//配置文件
private Properties configProperties;//配置内容 public PropertiesDemo() {
// 加载配置
loadSettings();
// 设置窗体属性
initFrame();
} public void loadSettings() {
/*
* 如果配置文件不存在,则加载默认配置
*/ // 获取当前用户主目录
String userDir = System.getProperty("user.home");
//config路径如果不存在则新建
configDir = userDir + "\\config";
File configDirFile = new File(configDir);
if (!configDirFile.exists()) {
configDirFile.mkdirs();
} // 如果配置文件不存在,则配置内容由默认配置文件导入
configPropertiesFile = new File(configDir + "\\config.properties");
if (configPropertiesFile.exists()) {
configProperties = PropertiesHelper.loadProperties(configPropertiesFile);
} else {
try {
configPropertiesFile.createNewFile();
configProperties = loadDefaultConfig();//生成默认配置并装载
storeConfigProperties();//保存配置
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} public void updateConfigProperties(String key, String value){
/*
* 功能:更新configProperties的内容
*/
if(configProperties.containsKey(key)){
configProperties.setProperty(key, value);
}
else {
configProperties.put(key, value);
}
} public String getConfigPropertiesValue(String key){
/*
* 功能:根据key获取configProperties中对应的value
*/
return configProperties.getProperty(key);
} public void storeConfigProperties() {
//保存配置文件
PropertiesHelper.storeProperties(configProperties, configPropertiesFile, "main properties");
} private Properties loadDefaultConfig() {
/*
* 加载默认配置
*/
Properties defaultConfig = new Properties();
defaultConfig.put("left", "0");
defaultConfig.put("top", "0");
defaultConfig.put("width", "300");
defaultConfig.put("height", "200");
return defaultConfig;
} public void restoreDefaultConfig() {
/*
* 恢复默认配置
*/
configProperties = loadDefaultConfig();
} public void initFrame() {
int left = Integer.parseInt(configProperties.getProperty("left"));
int top = Integer.parseInt(configProperties.getProperty("top"));
int width = Integer.parseInt(configProperties.getProperty("width"));
int height = Integer.parseInt(configProperties.getProperty("height"));
String title = configProperties.getProperty("title", "default title");//如果不存在则取默认值 JMenuBar menubar = new JMenuBar();
JMenu windowMenu = new JMenu("Window");
windowMenu.setMnemonic('W');
JMenuItem preferencesItem = new JMenuItem("Preferences");
preferencesItem.setMnemonic('P');
preferencesItem.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { @Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
PreferencesDialog optionsDialog = new PreferencesDialog(PropertiesDemo.this);
optionsDialog.setVisible(true);
}
});
setJMenuBar(menubar);
menubar.add(windowMenu);
windowMenu.add(preferencesItem); setBounds(left, top, width, height);
setTitle(title);
setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
} public String getConfigDir() {
return configDir;
} public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
PropertiesDemo propertiesDemo = new PropertiesDemo();
propertiesDemo.setVisible(true);
} }
PreferencesDialog.java
package ConfigByPropertiesDemo; import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*; /*
* @功能:修改配置对话框
* @版本:20150805
*/
class PreferencesDialog extends JDialog{ PropertiesDemo propertiesDemo;//父窗体
private JTextField xField;
private JTextField yField;
private JTextField widthField;
private JTextField heightField;
private JTextField titleField;
private JButton saveButton ;//保存
private JButton cancelButton ;//取消
private JButton restoreDefaultsButton ;//恢复默认 public PreferencesDialog(PropertiesDemo parent){
super(parent, true);
propertiesDemo = parent; //提取主配置信息,作为控件的默认值
String xPosition = propertiesDemo.getConfigPropertiesValue("left");
String yPosition = propertiesDemo.getConfigPropertiesValue("top");
String width = propertiesDemo.getConfigPropertiesValue("width");
String height = propertiesDemo.getConfigPropertiesValue("height");
String title = propertiesDemo.getConfigPropertiesValue("title"); //本UI包含2个panel
JPanel inputPanel = new JPanel();
JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel(); //构造inputPanel
inputPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout()); inputPanel.add(new JLabel("xPosition:"));
xField = (JTextField) inputPanel.add(new JTextField(xPosition));
inputPanel.add(inputPanel.add(new JLabel("yPosition:")));
yField = (JTextField) inputPanel.add(new JTextField(yPosition));
inputPanel.add(inputPanel.add(new JLabel("witdh:")));
widthField = (JTextField) inputPanel.add(new JTextField(width));
inputPanel.add(inputPanel.add(new JLabel("height:")));
heightField = (JTextField) inputPanel.add(new JTextField(height));
inputPanel.add(inputPanel.add(new JLabel("title:")));
titleField = (JTextField) inputPanel.add(new JTextField(title)); inputPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(10, 5, 10, 5)); //构造buttonPanel
saveButton = new JButton("save");
saveButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { @Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
propertiesDemo.updateConfigProperties("left", xField.getText().trim());
propertiesDemo.updateConfigProperties("top", yField.getText().trim());
propertiesDemo.updateConfigProperties("width",widthField.getText().trim());
propertiesDemo.updateConfigProperties("height",heightField.getText().trim());
propertiesDemo.updateConfigProperties("title",titleField.getText().trim()); propertiesDemo.storeConfigProperties();//保存默认配置
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "保存成功");
setVisible(false);
//更新主窗体
propertiesDemo.initFrame();
propertiesDemo.validate();
}
}); restoreDefaultsButton = new JButton("restore defaults");
restoreDefaultsButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
propertiesDemo.restoreDefaultConfig();
propertiesDemo.storeConfigProperties(); JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "恢复成功");
setVisible(false); propertiesDemo.initFrame();
propertiesDemo.validate();
}
}); cancelButton = new JButton("Cancel");
cancelButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { @Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
setVisible(false);
}
}); buttonPanel.add(restoreDefaultsButton);
buttonPanel.add(saveButton);
buttonPanel.add(cancelButton);
buttonPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(10, 5, 10, 5)); //构造主框架
getContentPane().setLayout(new BorderLayout());
getContentPane().add(inputPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
getContentPane().add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH); //设置窗体属性
setTitle("更改主窗体配置");
setLocationRelativeTo(inputPanel);
setDefaultCloseOperation(DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
pack();
}
}
PropertiesHelper.java
package ConfigByPropertiesDemo; import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.util.Properties; /*
* 功能:对Properties进行封装,简化加载或保存Properties的步骤
* 版本:20150805
*/
public class PropertiesHelper { /*
* @功能根据文件名导入配置
*/
public static Properties loadProperties(File file) {
Properties properties = new Properties();
try {
FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(file);
properties.load(in);
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
e.printStackTrace();
}
return properties;
} /*
* @将配置及其备注导出到文件
*/
public static void storeProperties(Properties properties, File file,
String comments) {
try {
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(file);
properties.store(out, comments);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
运行效果如下:
初始界面,位置为(0,0)
配置修改界面
修改配置后,窗体参数发生变化