1.什么是Bootloader
Bootloader是硬件启动的引导程序,是运行操作系统的前提。在操作系统内核或用户应用程序运行之前运行的一段小代码。对硬件进行相应的初始化和设定,最终为操作系统准备好环境。
2.Bootloader的特点
Bootloader不属于操作系统,一般采用汇编语言和C语言开发。需要针对特定的硬件平台编写。在移植过程时,首先为开发板移植Bootloader。Bootloader不但依赖于CPU的体系架构,而且依赖于嵌入式系统板级设备的配置。
3.STM32中bootloader的内存分配
stm32默认的是从0x08000000开始启动程序,所以bootloader也存在于这个地址,大小可以设置。如下图举例分配 48K的大小空间给Bootloader
内存分配 | 地址 | 大小 |
Bootloader | 0x08000000 --- 0x0800c000 | 48K |
Application | 0x0800c000 --- 0x0802C000 | 128K |
Free Space | 0x0802C000 --- 0x08xxxxxx | --- |
还有一种分配方式:镜像的备份 Firmware ---> Application Bak ---> SysRest ----> Bootloader -----> Check if new Firmware -----> Move App Bak to App area
这种方式需要更大的存储空间,如果MCU内置FLASH 不够备份Firmware则需要外置Flash,将Firmware备份在外置FLASH。
内存分配 | 地址 | 大小 |
Bootloader | 0x08000000 --- 0x0800c000 | 48K |
Application | 0x0800c000 --- 0x0802C000 | 128K |
Application Bak | 0x0802C000 --- 0x0804C000 | 128K |
Free Space | 0x0804C000 --- 0x08xxxxxx | --- |
根据实际MCU的Flash的大小和固件的大小来分配空间。一般可以把固件信息(app固件的StartAddr, EndAddr, FirmwareSize, CRC等)存放在Free Spae.
bootloader的作用一般是用作更新APP,和初始化后设定跳转到对应的APP。如果APP不加更新功能的话也可以直接将APP写入到0x08000000这个地址里。更新程序就是数据包的接收、校验、写入,全部写入完成后检查APP的启动向量为合格就可以跳转到APP里。
4. Bootloader的跳转简单实现
4.1 Bootloader
我基于STM32Cube配置的外设,IDE用的STM32SW4,STM32F103RCT6。
在实现IAP功能先,先实现跳转。这里先不涉及固件更新。
/*FLASH : 0x8000000 --- 0x8040000 Total Size: 256K
*RAM : 0x20000000 --- 0x2000C000 Total Size: 48K
*Bootloader: 0x8000000 --- 0x8008000 Total Size: 32K
*/
1 /* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/ 2 #include "main.h" 3 #include "stm32f1xx_hal.h" 4 #include "usart.h" 5 #include "gpio.h" 6 7 /* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */ 8 #include "stdio.h" 9 /* USER CODE END Includes */ 10 11 /* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */ 12 /* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/ 13 pFunction jump2app; 14 void (*jump2app)(); 15 /* USER CODE END PFP */ 16 17 18 19 /* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */ 20 #ifdef __GNUC__ 21 #define PUTCHAR_PROTOTYPE int __io_putchar(int ch) 22 #else 23 #define PUTCHAR_PROTOTYPE int fputc(int ch, FILE *f) 24 #endif 25 26 /*retargets the C library printf function to the USART*/ 27 PUTCHAR_PROTOTYPE 28 { 29 HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,(uint8_t*)&ch, 1, 0xFFFF); 30 return ch; 31 } 32 33 //FLASH : 0x8000000 --- 0x8040000 Total Size: 256K 34 //RAM : 0x20000000 --- 0x2000C000 Total Size: 48K 35 //Bootloader : 0x8000000 --- 0x8008000 Total Size: 32K 36
37 #define ApplicationAddress 0x8008000 38 39 40 void iap_load_app(uint32_t appAddr) 41 { 42 printf("first word : 0x%x\n",(*(uint32_t*)appAddr)); 43 if (((*(__IO uint32_t*)ApplicationAddress) & 0x2FFE0000 ) == 0x20000000) 44 { 45 printf("IAP load APP!!!\n"); 46 47 __disable_irq(); 48 49 jump2app = (void (*)())*(__IO uint32_t*) (appAddr + 4); 50 51 __set_MSP(*(__IO uint32_t*) appAddr); 52 53 jump2app(); 54 } 55 }
56 /* USER CODE END 0 */ 57 58 /** 59 * @brief The application entry point. 60 * 61 * @retval None 62 */ 63 int main(void) 64 { 65 /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */ 66 67 /* USER CODE END 1 */ 68 69 /* MCU Configuration----------------------------------------------------------*/ 70 71 /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */ 72 HAL_Init(); 73 74 /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */ 75 76 /* USER CODE END Init */ 77 78 /* Configure the system clock */ 79 SystemClock_Config(); 80 81 /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */ 82 83 /* USER CODE END SysInit */ 84 85 /* Initialize all configured peripherals */ 86 MX_GPIO_Init(); 87 MX_USART1_UART_Init(); 88 /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */ 89 90 /* USER CODE END 2 */ 91 92 /* Infinite loop */ 93 /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */ 94 while (1) 95 { 96 printf("I am bootloader,jump to app after 5 seconds!\n"); 97 98 HAL_Delay(1000); 99 100 printf("1\r\n"); 101 102 HAL_Delay(1000); 103 104 printf("2\r\n"); 105 106 HAL_Delay(1000); 107 108 printf("3\r\n"); 109 110 HAL_Delay(1000); 111 112 printf("4\r\n"); 113 114 HAL_Delay(1000); 115 116 printf("ready to jump!\n"); 117 118 iap_load_app(ApplicationAddress); 119 /* USER CODE END WHILE */ 120 121 /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */ 122 123 } 124 /* USER CODE END 3 */ 125 126 }
修改ld文件 STM32F103RCTx_Flash.ld
编译烧录。首先将STM32F103RCT6的FLASH全部擦除如下图,然后用STM32SW4烧录Bootloader
调试Bootloader如下图
4.2 Application
APP主要是修改ld文件,Bootloader分配了 32Kb, 剩余224K的先全分配给App, 实现简单跳转。
1 int main(void) 2 { 3 //NVIC_SetVectorTable(NVIC_VectTab_FLASH,0x2000); 4 /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */ 5 SCB->VTOR = ((uint32_t)0x8000000) | (0x8000 & (uint32_t)0x1FFFFF80); 6 /* USER CODE END 1 */ 7 8 /* MCU Configuration----------------------------------------------------------*/ 9 10 /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */ 11 HAL_Init(); 12 13 /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */ 14 15 /* USER CODE END Init */ 16 17 /* Configure the system clock */ 18 SystemClock_Config(); 19 20 /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */ 21 22 /* USER CODE END SysInit */ 23 24 /* Initialize all configured peripherals */ 25 MX_GPIO_Init(); 26 MX_USART1_UART_Init(); 27 /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */ 28 __enable_irq(); 29 /* USER CODE END 2 */ 30 31 /* Infinite loop */ 32 /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */ 33 while (1) 34 { 35 printf("I am new APP !\n\r"); 36 37 HAL_Delay(1000); 38 /* USER CODE END WHILE */ 39 40 /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */ 41 42 } 43 /* USER CODE END 3 */ 44 45 }
再将APP烧录,Rest