因为我主要对非对称加密的RSA算法比较感兴趣,网上最多的就是这么用的:
生成私钥文件(其中已经包含了公钥):
[root@localhost release]#openssl genrsa -out plainPrv.key 1024 |
然后再从这个私钥文件里将公钥提取出来,保存到文件里:
[root@localhost release]#openssl rsa -in plainPrv.key -pubout -out plainPub.key |
RSA一般有两种应用场景:
1、公钥加密、私钥解密:这是数据安全通信领域最常见情形;
2、私钥加密、公钥解密:这主要用于数字签名。
两种方式,一通百通,本文只看第一种场景。
关于测试代码,网上到处都是,也都基本能用,我就先不摘抄了。大家问的最多的问题就是在读取公钥文件时,PEM_read_RSA_PUBKEY()函数和PEM_read_RSAPublicKEY()的疑惑。为什么读取私钥文件用的PEM_read_RSAPrivateKey(),针对上述openssl命令生成的公钥文件,在读取其内容时用对称的PEM_read_RSAPublicKEY()接口却会报错,必须要用PEM_read_RSA_PUBKEY()才可以。
其实,我们要是看看一两个文件内容就明白了:
[root@localhost release]# cat plainPrv.key -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY----- MIICXgIBAAKBgQDlGVxzTDVhnC16SW+D0WG8hvm1wztmr0vBh2VK6CU7k90mdrCx 4by1URcZ6iS6KxomxSqWmK9g2C0iRd8xx7OyykBHKttjIx5Diq3wLXDP2qU4mjSI vHP3MwgrOR2Jwa4mNr1veM2c1pyXn5xIfZs2IFnicMugj+0sXik1pLWwIwIDAQAB AoGBAKoB5OomfmJ92/2oKxmdsjKN0xY/13++y6/EgrVQifipJG5bm4mVI01F7Ket ai3AuHpWy+DPUy3BndSWFyfAsyatULiK3cJnIZumxmWP8G9odfO1pH/KcZB2Vi61 HcbioDuJRCcF3jpbGMun3lCwkdG/qVfsFmOElbzSbNMDbwkJAkEA/K9mOSKrP+lu 6bsIuD6/n2XQkz8XE2lPuPwKhVLX+ljXqRyxJZH0n+2EC8pUi694Q2Zhgn0uPdEl KCYtlBaLXQJBAOgawH01Xc0r63+XVif6rLZfwJGBAP8921e2dRDFYhYLP3riflY8 xvFQsh4n7kbAXt4xZ3pDA/J1INnE01Rk8X8CQCmzyOslDZ4+qE9qzsWZlYZ5BzNF 9kj92GpvLk1SntJyVyVR1uqcbAL48BICEnH7Q53cB7vBbSBGpBs8Mcl+7wECQQCF Dbjkze/sys2ggd+44WGa1n8sqhgpOYuA1656I7ybyGzmg+pKg2LEOS8yTE+yrVp0 4ztfggVEO1LOo59F1Ov/AkEApfUtgKHB4YCPy70syFaQoAWjiaxOWq/FLM7FBntP ikz1X7gNsRkb4I/be15ZN8E/2Z0Q95FOpsgqw76Bi4Yynw== -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY----- [root@localhost release]# cat plainPub.key -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY----- MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDlGVxzTDVhnC16SW+D0WG8hvm1 wztmr0vBh2VK6CU7k90mdrCx4by1URcZ6iS6KxomxSqWmK9g2C0iRd8xx7OyykBH KttjIx5Diq3wLXDP2qU4mjSIvHP3MwgrOR2Jwa4mNr1veM2c1pyXn5xIfZs2IFni cMugj+0sXik1pLWwIwIDAQAB -----END PUBLIC KEY----- |
当我们在用PEM_read_RSAPublicKEY()读取公钥文件plainPub.key时报的错误是酱紫滴:
3077879432:error:0906D06C:lib(9):func(109):reason(108):pem_lib.c:698:Expecting: RSA PUBLIC KEY |
所以我就天真地将公钥文件头和尾分别改成“-----BEGIN RSA PUBLIC KEY-----”和“-----BEGIN RSA PUBLIC KEY-----”,理想很丰满,显示很骨感。实践证明openssl是不能那么轻易就被忽悠过去的。没办法,查看openssl源码发现,提取公钥文件时除了-pubout参数可以设置外,还有有个参数叫做-RSAPublicKey_out,但是命令行提示和man手册里居然没有任何提及。幸好我还会读C代码,所以提取公钥时我改用下面的命令:
[root@localhost release]#openssl rsa -in plainPrv.key -RSAPublicKey_out -out plainPub.key |
这样做完的结果是,首先公钥文件的内容有点变化:
[root@localhost test_openssl]# cat plainPub2.key -----BEGIN RSA PUBLIC KEY----- MIGJAoGBAOUZXHNMNWGcLXpJb4PRYbyG+bXDO2avS8GHZUroJTuT3SZ2sLHhvLVR FxnqJLorGibFKpaYr2DYLSJF3zHHs7LKQEcq22MjHkOKrfAtcM/apTiaNIi8c/cz CCs5HYnBriY2vW94zZzWnJefnEh9mzYgWeJwy6CP7SxeKTWktbAjAgMBAAE= -----END RSA PUBLIC KEY----- [root@localhost
release]# cat plainPub.key
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY----- MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDlGVxzTDVhnC16SW+D0WG8hvm1 wztmr0vBh2VK6CU7k90mdrCx4by1URcZ6iS6KxomxSqWmK9g2C0iRd8xx7OyykBH KttjIx5Diq3wLXDP2qU4mjSIvHP3MwgrOR2Jwa4mNr1veM2c1pyXn5xIfZs2IFni cMugj+0sXik1pLWwIwIDAQAB -----END PUBLIC KEY----- |
其次,当我再用PEM_read_RSAPublicKEY()接口来读取公钥文件plainPub2.key时,居然成功了。说明RSA PUBLIC KEY和PUBLIC KEY的两种公钥文件其存储方式是不一样的,PEM_read_RSAPublicKEY()只能读取RSA PUBLIC KEY形式的公钥文件;而PEM_read_RSA_PUBKEY()只能读取PUBLIC KEY格式的公钥文件。由于本人密码学基础较薄弱,现在还不能说出两者的区别,请各位见谅,还望密码方面的大牛们予以点拨。演示代码如下:
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- /* filename: tmp.c
- */
- #include<stdio.h>
- #include<stdlib.h>
- #include<string.h>
- #include<openssl/rsa.h>
- #include<openssl/pem.h>
- #include<openssl/err.h>
- void hexprint(char
*str,int
len)
-
{
- int i=0;
- for(i=0;i<len;i++){
- printf("%s%02x%s",((i%16==0?"|":"")),*((unsigned
char*)str+i),(((i+1)%16==0)?"|\n":"
"));
- }
- if(i%16!=0)
- printf("|\n");
-
}
- static int do_operation(RSA* rsa_ctx,char
*instr,char* path_key,int inlen,char**
outstr,int type)
-
{
- if(rsa_ctx
==
NULL ||
instr ==
NULL || path_key
==
NULL)
- {
- perror("input elems error,please check them!");
- return -1;
- }
- int rsa_len,num;
- rsa_len=RSA_size(rsa_ctx);
- *outstr=(unsigned char
*)malloc(rsa_len+1);
- memset(*outstr,0,rsa_len+1);
- switch(type){
- case 1:
//pub enc
- if(inlen
== 0){
- perror("input str len is zero!");
- goto err;
- }
- num = RSA_public_encrypt(inlen,(unsigned char
*)instr,(unsigned char*)*outstr,rsa_ctx,RSA_PKCS1_OAEP_PADDING);
- break;
- case 2:
//prv dec
- num = RSA_private_decrypt(inlen,(unsigned char
*)instr,(unsigned char*)*outstr,rsa_ctx,RSA_PKCS1_OAEP_PADDING);
- default:
- break;
- }
- if(num
==
-1)
- {
- printf("Got error on enc/dec!\n");
-
err:
- free(*outstr);
- *outstr
= NULL;
- num =
-1;
- }
- return num;
-
}
-
int rsa_pub_encrypt(char
*str,char
*path_key,char** outstr){
- RSA *p_rsa;
- FILE *file;
- int flen,rsa_len,num;
- if((file=fopen(path_key,"r"))==NULL){
- perror("open key file error");
- return -1;
- }
- #ifdef RSAPUBKEY
- if((p_rsa=PEM_read_RSA_PUBKEY(file,NULL,NULL,NULL))==NULL){
- #else
- if((p_rsa=PEM_read_RSAPublicKey(file,NULL,NULL,NULL))==NULL){
- #endif
- ERR_print_errors_fp(stdout);
- return -1;
- }
- num = do_operation(p_rsa,str,path_key,strlen(str),outstr,1);
- RSA_free(p_rsa);
- fclose(file);
- return num;
-
}
-
int rsa_prv_decrypt(char
*str,char
*path_key,int inlen,char** outstr){
- RSA *p_rsa;
- FILE *file;
- int rsa_len,num;
-
- if((file=fopen(path_key,"r"))==NULL){
- perror("open key file error");
- return -1;
- }
- if((p_rsa=PEM_read_RSAPrivateKey(file,NULL,NULL,NULL))==NULL){
- ERR_print_errors_fp(stdout);
- return -1;
- }
- num = do_operation(p_rsa,str,path_key,inlen,outstr,2);
- RSA_free(p_rsa);
- fclose(file);
- return num;
-
}
-
int main(int argc,char** argv){
- char *ptr_en,*ptr_de;
- int len;
-
- printf("source is :%s\n",argv[1]);
- len=rsa_pub_encrypt(argv[1],argv[2],&ptr_en);
- printf("pubkey encrypt:\n");
- hexprint(ptr_en,len);
-
- rsa_prv_decrypt(ptr_en,argv[3],len,&ptr_de);
- printf("prvkey decrypt:%s\n",ptr_de==NULL?"NULL":ptr_de);
-
- if(ptr_en!=NULL){
- free(ptr_en);
- }
- if(ptr_de!=NULL){
- free(ptr_de);
- }
-
- return 0;
- }
如果开启RSAPUBKEY宏,则用PEM_read_RSA_PUBKEY()来读取公钥文件;否则用PEM_read_RSAPublicKey()读取:
[root@localhost release]#gcc -o pub rsatest.c -lcrypto -g -DRSAPUBKEY [root@localhost release]#gcc -o nopub rsatest.c -lcrypto -g |
测试结果如下:
实际应用中,出于安全考虑我们一般会对私钥文件加密。我们可以用如下的方式来重新生成经3DES加密后私钥文件:
[root@localhost release]#openssl genrsa -des3 -out cipherPrv.key 1024 |
这样生成的私钥文件使用3DES加过密的,看看内容就晓得和之前的有什么不同了。头部多了一些信息:Proc-Type和DEK-Info,猜想这肯定是某种加密信息(这TM不废话么),但是我看不懂,现阶段“会用”是首要问题:
上述加密私钥文件的口令是123456,分别提取RSA PUBLIC KEY和PUBLIC KEY格式的公钥文件:
[root@localhost release]# openssl rsa -in cipherPrv.key -pubout -out cipherPub.key [root@localhost release]# openssl rsa -in cipherPrv.key -RSAPublicKey_out -out cipherPub2.key |
在代码中我们需要通过下面的方式来读取经3DES加密处理后的私钥文件:
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- RSA* getPRV(char
*path_key_fullname,char* pwd)
-
{
- RSA *rsaK=RSA_new();
- OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
- BIO *BP = BIO_new_file(path_key_fullname,"rb");
- if(NULL
== BP)
- return NULL;
- rsaK=PEM_read_bio_RSAPrivateKey(BP,NULL,NULL,pwd);
- return rsaK;
- }
if((p_rsa=PEM_read_RSAPrivateKey(file,NULL,NULL,NULL))==NULL){
替换成:
if((p_rsa=getPRV(path_key,"123456"))==NULL){
重新编译,运行后结果如下:
关于openssl有很多值得学习的地方,空了再慢慢研究。