Java线程的生命周期
在Thread类中,我们可以看到有个内部枚举类State:
/**
* A thread state. A thread can be in one of the following states:
* NEW A thread that has not yet started is in this state.
* RUNNABLE A thread executing in the Java virtual machine is in this state.
* BLOCKED A thread that is blocked waiting for a monitor lock is in this state.
* WAITING A thread that is waiting indefinitely for another thread to perform a particular action is in this state.
* TIMED_WAITING A thread that is waiting for another thread to perform an action for up to a specified waiting time is in this state.
* TERMINATED A thread that has exited is in this state.
* A thread can be in only one state at a given point in time. These states are virtual machine states which do not reflect any operating system thread states.
*/
public enum State {
/**
* Thread state for a thread which has not yet started.
*/
NEW,
/**
* Thread state for a runnable thread. A thread in the runnable
* state is executing in the Java virtual machine but it may
* be waiting for other resources from the operating system
* such as processor.
*/
RUNNABLE,
/**
* Thread state for a thread blocked waiting for a monitor lock.
* A thread in the blocked state is waiting for a monitor lock
* to enter a synchronized block/method or
* reenter a synchronized block/method after calling
* {@link Object#wait() Object.wait}.
*/
BLOCKED,
/**
* Thread state for a waiting thread.
* A thread is in the waiting state due to calling one of the
* following methods:
* <ul>
* <li>{@link Object#wait() Object.wait} with no timeout</li>
* <li>{@link #join() Thread.join} with no timeout</li>
* <li>{@link LockSupport#park() LockSupport.park}</li>
* </ul>
*
* <p>A thread in the waiting state is waiting for another thread to
* perform a particular action.
* <p>
* For example, a thread that has called <tt>Object.wait()</tt>
* on an object is waiting for another thread to call
* <tt>Object.notify()</tt> or <tt>Object.notifyAll()</tt> on
* that object. A thread that has called <tt>Thread.join()</tt>
* is waiting for a specified thread to terminate.
*/
WAITING,
/**
* Thread state for a waiting thread with a specified waiting time.
* A thread is in the timed waiting state due to calling one of
* the following methods with a specified positive waiting time:
* <ul>
* <li>{@link #sleep Thread.sleep}</li>
* <li>{@link Object#wait(long) Object.wait} with timeout</li>
* <li>{@link #join(long) Thread.join} with timeout</li>
* <li>{@link LockSupport#parkNanos LockSupport.parkNanos}</li>
* <li>{@link LockSupport#parkUntil LockSupport.parkUntil}</li>
* </ul>
*/
TIMED_WAITING,
/**
* Thread state for a terminated thread.
* The thread has completed execution.
*/
TERMINATED;
}
Java线程共有六种状态,并且线程在同一时间只能处于一种状态。这些状态都是虚拟机状态,并不反应任何操作系统的线程状态:
-
NEW
-
RUNNABLE
-
BLOCKED
-
WAITING
-
TIMED_WAITING
-
TERMINATED
翻译一下源码中的注释,我们可以用下面这张图表示出线程状态转换关系:
那new->runnable->terminated这三种状态能不能回退呢?我们写个demo测试下:
@Test
public void thread1() throws InterruptedException {
Thread thread =
new Thread(() -> System.out.println("hello,我是子线程,我的name是:" + Thread.currentThread().getName()));
thread.start();
thread.start();
System.out.println(thread.getState());
thread.join();
System.out.println("hello,我是主线程,我的name是:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
可以看到,不出意外的抛了异常:
我们去瞅一眼start方法:
可以看到,start方法上来就对线程的状态进行了判断,只有status=0,也就是刚创建出来的线程才可以。那么我们就可以得出结论new->runnable->terminated这三种状态是不可逆的。