文章内容：
一、人脸识别数据集的建立。利用dlib和opencv编程: 1)采集自己的脸部图片20张，保存到以学号命名的文件目录下；2)采集对应20张图片的68个特征点数组，以 face_features.txt (i为01到20的数字）文件保存到同一目录下；3）通过20个特征，计算出平均（mean）特征数组 face_feature_mean.txt.
二、利用dlib和opencv编程，打开摄像头，对捕获到的人脸进行特征提取，与平均特征进行误差计算（欧几里得距离），当误差小于一定阈值时，判断为同一个人，否则判断为 unknown。
嘿！我是目录
一、采集脸部图片二十张
1.1 库文件准备
- 首先我们需要准备两个库文件
- 一是： dlib_face_recognition_resnet_model_v1.dat
百度网盘下载链接：
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1tPt6JaAoksUKBm0MVO248A
提取码：0000 - 二是： shape_predictor_68_face_landmarks.dat
百度网盘下载链接：
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1_I0Z5WLpKb-w6IWjH-RIgQ
提取码：0001 - 下载后放到一个文件夹里，这个文件路径等会儿我们在代码中是要用的。
1.2 录入人脸数据
1.2.1 代码
- 打开Acaconda3 的 Jupyter Notebook
- 输入代码：
-
一定要注意文件路径，改为自己的路径。
import cv2
import dlib
import os
import sys
import random
# 存储位置
output_dir = 'D:/myworkspace/JupyterNotebook/People/person/person1/631907060228/1'
size = 64
if not os.path.exists(output_dir):
os.makedirs(output_dir)
# 改变图片的亮度与对比度
def relight(img, light=1, bias=0):
w = img.shape[1]
h = img.shape[0]
#image = []
for i in range(0,w):
for j in range(0,h):
for c in range(3):
tmp = int(img[j,i,c]*light + bias)
if tmp > 255:
tmp = 255
elif tmp < 0:
tmp = 0
img[j,i,c] = tmp
return img
#使用dlib自带的frontal_face_detector作为我们的特征提取器
detector = dlib.get_frontal_face_detector()
# 打开摄像头 参数为输入流，可以为摄像头或视频文件
camera = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
#camera = cv2.VideoCapture('C:/Users/CUNGU/Videos/Captures/wang.mp4')
index = 1
while True:
if (index <= 20):#存储20张人脸特征图像
print('Being processed picture %s' % index)
# 从摄像头读取照片
success, img = camera.read()
# 转为灰度图片
gray_img = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
# 使用detector进行人脸检测
dets = detector(gray_img, 1)
for i, d in enumerate(dets):
x1 = d.top() if d.top() > 0 else 0
y1 = d.bottom() if d.bottom() > 0 else 0
x2 = d.left() if d.left() > 0 else 0
y2 = d.right() if d.right() > 0 else 0
face = img[x1:y1,x2:y2]
# 调整图片的对比度与亮度， 对比度与亮度值都取随机数，这样能增加样本的多样性
face = relight(face, random.uniform(0.5, 1.5), random.randint(-50, 50))
face = cv2.resize(face, (size,size))
cv2.imshow('image', face)
cv2.imwrite(output_dir+'/'+str(index)+'.jpg', face)
index += 1
key = cv2.waitKey(30) & 0xff
if key == 27:
break
else:
print('Finished!')
# 释放摄像头 release camera
camera.release()
# 删除建立的窗口 delete all the windows
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
break
1.2.2 运行结果
- 在对应的文件下找到，即可看到截取的20张人脸：
二、构建数据集
采集对应20张图片的68个特征点数组，以 face_features.txt (i为01到20的数字）文件保存到同一目录下。通过20个特征，计算出平均（mean）特征数组 face_feature_mean.csv。
2.1 dlib人脸特征检测原理
-
提取特征点：
例： -
将特征值保存到CSV文件
-
计算特征数据集的欧氏距离作对比，当误差小于一定阙值就判定为同一人。
2.2 采集特征点数组，计算平均特征数组
2.2.1 代码
# 从人脸图像文件中提取人脸特征存入 CSV
# Features extraction from images and save into features_all.csv
# return_128d_features() 获取某张图像的128D特征
# compute_the_mean() 计算128D特征均值
from cv2 import cv2 as cv2
import os
import dlib
from skimage import io
import csv
import numpy as np
# 要读取人脸图像文件的路径
path_images_from_camera = "D:/myworkspace/JupyterNotebook/People/person/person1/631907060228/"
# Dlib 正向人脸检测器
detector = dlib.get_frontal_face_detector()
# Dlib 人脸预测器
predictor = dlib.shape_predictor("D:/ProgramData/wenjian/shape_predictor_68_face_landmarks.dat")
# Dlib 人脸识别模型
# Face recognition model, the object maps human faces into 128D vectors
face_rec = dlib.face_recognition_model_v1("D:/ProgramData/wenjian/dlib_face_recognition_resnet_model_v1.dat")
# 返回单张图像的 128D 特征
def return_128d_features(path_img):
img_rd = io.imread(path_img)
img_gray = cv2.cvtColor(img_rd, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
faces = detector(img_gray, 1)
print("%-40s %-20s" % ("检测到人脸的图像 / image with faces detected:", path_img), '\n')
# 因为有可能截下来的人脸再去检测，检测不出来人脸了
# 所以要确保是 检测到人脸的人脸图像 拿去算特征
if len(faces) != 0:
shape = predictor(img_gray, faces[0])
face_descriptor = face_rec.compute_face_descriptor(img_gray, shape)
else:
face_descriptor = 0
print("no face")
return face_descriptor
# 将文件夹中照片特征提取出来, 写入 CSV
def return_features_mean_personX(path_faces_personX):
features_list_personX = []
photos_list = os.listdir(path_faces_personX)
if photos_list:
for i in range(len(photos_list)):
# 调用return_128d_features()得到128d特征
print("%-40s %-20s" % ("正在读的人脸图像 / image to read:", path_faces_personX + "/" + photos_list[i]))
features_128d = return_128d_features(path_faces_personX + "/" + photos_list[i])
# print(features_128d)
# 遇到没有检测出人脸的图片跳过
if features_128d == 0:
i += 1
else:
features_list_personX.append(features_128d)
i1=str(i+1)
add="D:/myworkspace/JupyterNotebook/People/person/person1/631907060228/csv/"+"face_features"+i1+".csv"
print(add)
with open(add, "w", newline="") as csvfile:
writer1 = csv.writer(csvfile)
writer1.writerow(features_128d)
else:
print("文件夹内图像文件为空 / Warning: No images in " + path_faces_personX + '/', '\n')
# 计算 128D 特征的均值
# N x 128D -> 1 x 128D
if features_list_personX:
features_mean_personX = np.array(features_list_personX).mean(axis=0)
else:
features_mean_personX = '0'
return features_mean_personX
# 读取某人所有的人脸图像的数据
people = os.listdir(path_images_from_camera)
people.sort()
with open("D:/myworkspace/JupyterNotebook/People/person/person1/631907060228/face_feature_mean.csv", "w", newline="") as csvfile:
writer = csv.writer(csvfile)
for person in people:
print("##### " + person + " #####")
# Get the mean/average features of face/personX, it will be a list with a length of 128D
features_mean_personX = return_features_mean_personX(path_images_from_camera + person)
writer.writerow(features_mean_personX)
print("特征均值 / The mean of features:", list(features_mean_personX))
print('\n')
print("所有录入人脸数据存入 / Save all the features of faces registered into: D:/myworkspace/JupyterNotebook/People/person/person1/631907060228/face_feature_mean.csv")
2.2.2 运行结果
- 在对应的文件下找到，即可看到采集特征点数组与平均特征数组的.csv文件
三、人脸识别
利用dlib和opencv编程，打开摄像头，对捕获到的人脸进行特征提取，与平均特征进行误差计算（欧几里得距离），当误差小于一定阈值时，判断为同一个人，否则判断为 unknown。
3.1 代码：
# 摄像头实时人脸识别
import os
import winsound # 系统音效
from playsound import playsound # 音频播放
import dlib # 人脸处理的库 Dlib
import csv # 存入表格
import time
import sys
import numpy as np # 数据处理的库 numpy
from cv2 import cv2 as cv2 # 图像处理的库 OpenCv
import pandas as pd # 数据处理的库 Pandas
# 人脸识别模型，提取128D的特征矢量
# face recognition model, the object maps human faces into 128D vectors
# Refer this tutorial: http://dlib.net/python/index.html#dlib.face_recognition_model_v1
facerec = dlib.face_recognition_model_v1("D:/ProgramData/wenjian/dlib_face_recognition_resnet_model_v1.dat")
# 计算两个128D向量间的欧式距离
# compute the e-distance between two 128D features
def return_euclidean_distance(feature_1, feature_2):
feature_1 = np.array(feature_1)
feature_2 = np.array(feature_2)
dist = np.sqrt(np.sum(np.square(feature_1 - feature_2)))
return dist
# 处理存放所有人脸特征的 csv
path_features_known_csv = "D:/myworkspace/JupyterNotebook/People/person/person1/631907060228/face_feature_mean.csv"
csv_rd = pd.read_csv(path_features_known_csv, header=None)
# 用来存放所有录入人脸特征的数组
# the array to save the features of faces in the database
features_known_arr = []
# 读取已知人脸数据
# print known faces
for i in range(csv_rd.shape[0]):
features_someone_arr = []
for j in range(0, len(csv_rd.iloc[i, :])):
features_someone_arr.append(csv_rd.iloc[i, :][j])
features_known_arr.append(features_someone_arr)
print("Faces in Database：", len(features_known_arr))
# Dlib 检测器和预测器
# The detector and predictor will be used
detector = dlib.get_frontal_face_detector()
predictor = dlib.shape_predictor('D:/ProgramData/wenjian/shape_predictor_68_face_landmarks.dat')
# 创建 cv2 摄像头对象
# cv2.VideoCapture(0) to use the default camera of PC,
# and you can use local video name by use cv2.VideoCapture(filename)
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
# cap.set(propId, value)
# 设置视频参数，propId 设置的视频参数，value 设置的参数值
cap.set(3, 480)
# cap.isOpened() 返回 true/false 检查初始化是否成功
# when the camera is open
while cap.isOpened():
flag, img_rd = cap.read()
kk = cv2.waitKey(1)
# 取灰度
img_gray = cv2.cvtColor(img_rd, cv2.COLOR_RGB2GRAY)
# 人脸数 faces
faces = detector(img_gray, 0)
# 待会要写的字体 font to write later
font = cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_COMPLEX
# 存储当前摄像头中捕获到的所有人脸的坐标/名字
# the list to save the positions and names of current faces captured
pos_namelist = []
name_namelist = []
# 按下 q 键退出
# press 'q' to exit
if kk == ord('q'):
break
else:
# 检测到人脸 when face detected
if len(faces) != 0:
# 获取当前捕获到的图像的所有人脸的特征，存储到 features_cap_arr
# get the features captured and save into features_cap_arr
features_cap_arr = []
for i in range(len(faces)):
shape = predictor(img_rd, faces[i])
features_cap_arr.append(facerec.compute_face_descriptor(img_rd, shape))
# 遍历捕获到的图像中所有的人脸
# traversal all the faces in the database
for k in range(len(faces)):
print("##### camera person", k+1, "#####")
# 让人名跟随在矩形框的下方
# 确定人名的位置坐标
# 先默认所有人不认识，是 unknown
# set the default names of faces with "unknown"
name_namelist.append("unknown")
# 每个捕获人脸的名字坐标 the positions of faces captured
pos_namelist.append(tuple([faces[k].left(), int(faces[k].bottom() + (faces[k].bottom() - faces[k].top())/4)]))
# 对于某张人脸，遍历所有存储的人脸特征
# for every faces detected, compare the faces in the database
e_distance_list = []
for i in range(len(features_known_arr)):
# 如果 person_X 数据不为空
if str(features_known_arr[i][0]) != '0.0':
print("with person", str(i + 1), "the e distance: ", end='')
e_distance_tmp = return_euclidean_distance(features_cap_arr[k], features_known_arr[i])
print(e_distance_tmp)
e_distance_list.append(e_distance_tmp)
else:
# 空数据 person_X
e_distance_list.append(999999999)
# 找出最接近的一个人脸数据是第几个
# Find the one with minimum e distance
similar_person_num = e_distance_list.index(min(e_distance_list))
print("Minimum e distance with person", int(similar_person_num)+1)
# 计算人脸识别特征与数据集特征的欧氏距离
# 距离小于0.4则标出为可识别人物
if min(e_distance_list) < 0.4:
# 这里可以修改摄像头中标出的人名
# Here you can modify the names shown on the camera
# 1、遍历文件夹目录
folder_name = 'D:/myworkspace/JupyterNotebook/People/person/person1/631907060228/'
# 最接近的人脸
sum=similar_person_num+1
key_id=1 # 从第一个人脸数据文件夹进行对比
# 获取文件夹中的文件名:1wang、2zhou、3...
file_names = os.listdir(folder_name)
for name in file_names:
# print(name+'->'+str(key_id))
if sum ==key_id:
#winsound.Beep(300,500)# 响铃：300频率，500持续时间
name_namelist[k] = name[0:]#人名删去第一个数字（用于视频输出标识）
key_id += 1
# 播放欢迎光临音效
#playsound('D:/myworkspace/JupyterNotebook/People/music/welcome.wav')
# print("May be person "+str(int(similar_person_num)+1))
# -----------筛选出人脸并保存到visitor文件夹------------
for i, d in enumerate(faces):
x1 = d.top() if d.top() > 0 else 0
y1 = d.bottom() if d.bottom() > 0 else 0
x2 = d.left() if d.left() > 0 else 0
y2 = d.right() if d.right() > 0 else 0
face = img_rd[x1:y1,x2:y2]
size = 64
face = cv2.resize(face, (size,size))
# 要存储visitor人脸图像文件的路径
path_visitors_save_dir = "D:/myworkspace/JupyterNotebook/People/person/person1/visitor/known"
# 存储格式：2019-06-24-14-33-40wang.jpg
now_time = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S", time.localtime())
save_name = str(now_time)+str(name_namelist[k])+'.jpg'
# print(save_name)
# 本次图片保存的完整url
save_path = path_visitors_save_dir+'/'+ save_name
# 遍历visitor文件夹所有文件名
visitor_names = os.listdir(path_visitors_save_dir)
visitor_name=''
for name in visitor_names:
# 名字切片到分钟数：2019-06-26-11-33-00wangyu.jpg
visitor_name=(name[0:16]+'-00'+name[19:])
# print(visitor_name)
visitor_save=(save_name[0:16]+'-00'+save_name[19:])
# print(visitor_save)
# 一分钟之内重复的人名不保存
if visitor_save!=visitor_name:
cv2.imwrite(save_path, face)
print('新存储：'+path_visitors_save_dir+'/'+str(now_time)+str(name_namelist[k])+'.jpg')
else:
print('重复，未保存！')
else:
# 播放无法识别音效
#playsound('D:/myworkspace/JupyterNotebook/People/music/sorry.wav')
print("Unknown person")
# -----保存图片-------
# -----------筛选出人脸并保存到visitor文件夹------------
for i, d in enumerate(faces):
x1 = d.top() if d.top() > 0 else 0
y1 = d.bottom() if d.bottom() > 0 else 0
x2 = d.left() if d.left() > 0 else 0
y2 = d.right() if d.right() > 0 else 0
face = img_rd[x1:y1,x2:y2]
size = 64
face = cv2.resize(face, (size,size))
# 要存储visitor-》unknown人脸图像文件的路径
path_visitors_save_dir = "D:/myworkspace/JupyterNotebook/People/person/person1/visitor/unknown"
# 存储格式：2019-06-24-14-33-40unknown.jpg
now_time = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S", time.localtime())
# print(save_name)
# 本次图片保存的完整url
save_path = path_visitors_save_dir+'/'+ str(now_time)+'unknown.jpg'
cv2.imwrite(save_path, face)
print('新存储：'+path_visitors_save_dir+'/'+str(now_time)+'unknown.jpg')
# 矩形框
# draw rectangle
for kk, d in enumerate(faces):
# 绘制矩形框
cv2.rectangle(img_rd, tuple([d.left(), d.top()]), tuple([d.right(), d.bottom()]), (0, 255, 255), 2)
print('\n')
# 在人脸框下面写人脸名字
# write names under rectangle
for i in range(len(faces)):
cv2.putText(img_rd, name_namelist[i], pos_namelist[i], font, 0.8, (0, 255, 255), 1, cv2.LINE_AA)
print("Faces in camera now:", name_namelist, "\n")
#cv2.putText(img_rd, "Press 'q': Quit", (20, 450), font, 0.8, (84, 255, 159), 1, cv2.LINE_AA)
cv2.putText(img_rd, "Face Recognition", (20, 40), font, 1, (0, 0, 255), 1, cv2.LINE_AA)
cv2.putText(img_rd, "Visitors: " + str(len(faces)), (20, 100), font, 1, (0, 0, 255), 1, cv2.LINE_AA)
# 窗口显示 show with opencv
cv2.imshow("camera", img_rd)
# 释放摄像头 release camera
cap.release()
# 删除建立的窗口 delete all the windows
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
3.2 运行结果
- 识别出后显示1：
- 未识别出显示unknown：
小小的总结
建议人脸录入、构建人脸数据集和人脸识别 三个部分分别用不同的 Jupyter Notebook 的新建的Python3来运行，会不容易出错一点，也更容易排错。
此次实验还挺有趣的，录入人脸，分析图片，获得数据，就可以人脸识别了，看似简单，其实不然。人脸识别，要先识别出人脸，再识别出是不是你。
在运行人脸检测识别代码时，可能不知道如何退出，方法：按 q/Q 退出。