建议安装 aptitude (apt的可视化版本，鼠标也可以操作)

        # sudo apt-get install aptitude

进入aptitude

      # sudo aptitude

     键入 u                  // 获取最新的软件包更新列表！注意，一定要更新  或者：点左上角 [动作] -> [更新软件包列表]

     键入 /                   // 开启查找页面       或者：点正上方 [搜索]->[查找]

     键入 lyx               //  再敲击回车开始模糊查询。找到

   

错误2：

error: cannot find zlib.h. Please check that the zlib library
   is correctly installed on your system.

./configure can't find zlib.h

解决：

try installing zlib1g-dev：

        # sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev

缺少的依赖包下载链接：

https://packages.debian.org/

https://packages.debian.org/unstable/libqt4-dev

错误3：

Warning: 未知文档类
----------------------------------------
The selected document class
    中文书(CTeX)
requires external files that are not available.
The document class can still be used, but the
document cannot be compiled until the following
prerequisites are installed:
    ctexbook.cls
    xeCJK.sty
See section 3.1.2.2 (Class Availability) of the
User's Guide for more information.

解决：

texlive 没安装全，大概缺少中文模块。

最简单粗暴方法

sudo apt-get install texlive-full