资料来源网址：http://docs.nuget.org/docs/start-here/using-the-package-manager-console
This topic describes how to find, install, remove, and update NuGet packages using PowerShell commands. You can also work with packages using the Manage NuGet Packages dialog box. For more information, see [Using the Manage NuGet Packages dialog](Using-the Add-Library-Package-Reference-Dialog-Box).
Using PowerShell commands is required if you want to install a package without having a solution open. It‘s also required in some cases for packages that create commands that you can access only by using PowerShell.
Finding a Package
From the Tools menu, select Library Package Manager and then click Package Manager Console.
The Package Manager Console window is displayed.
The two drop-down lists set default values that let you omit parameters from the commands you enter in the window:
- In the Package source list, select the default source (NuGet package feed) that you want your commands to use. Typically you will leave this as its default value ofNuGet official package source. For more information about alternative feeds, see Hosting Your Own NuGet Feeds.
- In the Default project list, select the default project that you want your commands to work with. (The default value will be the first project in the solution, not necessarily the one you have selected in Solution Explorer when you open the window.)
When you enter commands, you can override these defaults. In
the Package Manager Console window,
enter Get-Package -ListAvailale at the prompt to see a
list of all packages that are available in the selected package source.
For the default package source, that command is going to list thousands of packages. It makes better sense to specify a filter.
For example, to find the logging package ELMAH, enter Get-Package
-ListAvailable -Filter elmah (the name of the package)
or Get-Package -Filter Logging -ListAvailable (a keyword
in the package description).
For more options that you can specify with
the Get-Package command, enter Get-Help
Get-Package, or see Package
Manager Console Powershell Reference.
Installing a Package
After you have found a package that you want to install, use
the Install-Package command with the name of the package.
For example, enter the command Install-Package elmah as
shown in the following example:
For more options that you can specify with
the Install-Package command, enter get-help
Install-Package or see Package
Manager Console Powershell Reference.
NuGet retrieves the package from the specified package source and installs it in the project that is selected in the Default project drop-down list (unless you specify a different project in the command). Files are copied to the solution, references might be added to the project, the project app.config or web.config file might be updated, etc.
If the package you are installing is dependent on other packages, NuGet installs them also if they are not already installed.
If the package requires license acceptance, you will not be prompted in a dialog box. Instead, a message states that your use of the library constitutes license acceptance.
In Solution Explorer, you can see references that Visual Studio has added for the installed library or libraries.
If your app.config or web.config file required changes, those have been applied. The following example shows some of the changes for ELMAH.
A new folder named packages is created in your solution folder. (If your project does not have a solution folder, the packages folder is created in the project folder.)
The packages folder contains a subfolder for each installed package. This subfolder contains the files installed by the package. It also contains the package file itself (the .nupkgfile, which is a .zip file that contains all of the files included in the package).
You can now use the library in your project. IntelliSense works when you enter code, and library features such as the ELMAH logging information page work when you run the project.
Extending The Package Manager Console With Packages
Some packages install new commands that you can use in
the Package Manager Console window. One example of
such a package is MvcScaffolding, which creates commands you
can use to generate ASP.NET MVC controllers and views. The following
illustration shows that installing MvcScaffolding creates a new
command Scaffold, complete with tab expansion.
Removing a Package
From the Tools menu, select Library Package
Manager and then click Package Manager Console. If you
do not already know the name of the package you want to remove,
enter Get-Package at the prompt without any flags to see
a list of all of the packages that are currently installed.
To remove a package, use the Uninstall-Package command
with the name of the package. For example, use the Uninstall-Package
elmah command as shown in the following example:
For more options that you can specify with
the uninstall-package command, enter get-help
uninstall-package or see Package
Manager Console Powershell Reference.
The following package elements are removed:
- References in the project. In Solution Explorer, you no longer see the library in the References folder or the bin folder. (You might have to build the project to see it removed from the bin folder.)
- Files in the solution folder. The folder for the package you removed is deleted from the packages folder. If it is the only package you had installed, the packages folder is also deleted.)
- Any changes that were made to your app.config or web.config file are undone.
If other packages were installed because they were dependencies of the package that you removed, and if no other packages remain that are dependent on the dependency packages, the dependency packages are also removed.
Updating a Package
From the Tools menu, select Library
Package Manager and then click Package Manager
Console. To check if there are newer versions available for any
installed packages, enter Get-Package -updates at the
prompt.
To update a package, enter Update-Package with the
package ID. For example, enter the command Update-Package
jQuery. For more options that you can use with
theUpdate-Package command, enter get-help
Update-Package or see
(../Reference/Package-manager-Console-Commands).
Setting up a NuGet Powershell Profile
Powershell supports the concept of profiles which allow you to have commonly used PS commands available to you wherever you use PowerShell.
NuGet supports a NuGet specific profile typically located at:
%UserProfile%\Documents\WindowsPowerShell\NuGet_profile.ps1
The easiest way to find the profile file is to
type $profile within the NuGet Package Manager Console.
For example, this is what I see on my machine.
PM> $profile
C:\Users\philha\Documents\WindowsPowerShell\NuGet_profile.ps1
This file doesn‘t necessarily exist by default. You can run the following set of commands to create it.
PM> mkdir -force (split-path $profile)
PM> notepad $profile
The first command creates the WindowsPowershell directory if it doesn’t already exist. The second command attempts to open the profile file in Notepad. If it doesn’t already exist, it prompts you to create the file. Within the profile file, you can change PowerShell settings or add new commands you might find useful.
Here is a simple example of adding a command that allows you to set the font.
functionSet-FontSize{
param(
[ValidateRange(6,128)]
[Parameter(position=0, mandatory=$true)]
[int]$Size
)
$dte.Properties("FontsAndColors","TextEditor").Item("FontSize").Value= $Size
}
Save the profile file and then restart Visual Studio. The next time you open
the Package Manager Console, you will be able to make use of
the Set-Font command.
PM>Set-Font24Finding and Installing a NuGet Package Using the Package Manager Console