第二单元用python学习微积分（十一）最值问题下和相关变率

2021-07-22 10:16:25

一、最值问题举例

1、将一根长度为1的线，切成2段，每一段圈成一个正方形，求所能得到的最大面积

计算两端：

, 驻点所以满足条件时应该x越大函数取值越大，当x->1时，函数最大

, 驻点所以满足条件时应该x越小函数取值越大，当x->0时，函数最大

考虑两边高中间低这种驻点，所以驻点处得到最小面积值 1/32

from sympy import *
import numpy as np 

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)
ax.spines['left'].set_position('zero')
ax.spines['bottom'].set_position('zero')
ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')
ax.set_aspect(10 ) 

def DrawXY(xFrom,xTo,steps,expr,color,label,plt):
    yarr = []
    xarr = np.linspace(xFrom ,xTo, steps) 
    for xval in xarr:
        yval = expr.subs(x,xval)
        yarr.append(yval)
    y_nparr = np.array(yarr) 
    plt.plot(xarr, y_nparr, c=color, label=label)    

def TangentLine(exprY,x0Val,xVal):
    diffExpr = diff(exprY)
    x1,y1,xo,yo = symbols('x1 y1 xo yo')
    expr = (y1-yo)/(x1-xo) - diffExpr.subs(x,x0Val)
    eq = expr.subs(xo,x0Val).subs(x1,xVal).subs(yo,exprY.subs(x,x0Val))
    eq1 = Eq(eq,0)
    solveY = solve(eq1)
    return xVal,solveY

def DrawTangentLine(exprY, x0Val,xVal1, xVal2, clr, txt):
    x1,y1 = TangentLine(exprY, x0Val, xVal1)
    x2,y2 = TangentLine(exprY, x0Val, xVal2)
    if len(txt)>0:
        plt.plot([x1,x2],[y1,y2], color = clr, label=txt)
    else:
        plt.plot([x1,x2],[y1,y2], color = clr)
        
x= symbols('x')
y = x*x/16 + (1-x)*(1-x)/16
DrawXY(0,1,100,y,'green','x*x/16 + (1-x)*(1-x)/16',plt)
plt.plot([0,1],[1/16,1/16], color = 'gray', label= 'y=1/16')

plt.legend(loc='lower right')
plt.show()