pyinstaller 模块
作用：将 python 代码程序整体打包编译成可在操作系统上直接运行可执行程序文件，如在windows上就是 exe 程序文件。
使用方法
编译生成文件夹形式的应用程序(启动程序占空间小，是整个应用程序文件夹的一部分)
pyinstaller -D -n 应用名 main.py
# -D 打包到一个文件夹
# -n 后接应用程序名称(自定义)
合成为一个应用程序文件
pyinstaller -F -n 应用名 main.py
识别真假
以上命令运行成功后，将在当前目录下生成 build 和 dist 两个文件夹，且都有可执行程序。
但只有 dist 文件夹中的才是真正的应用程序，人如其名，它里面的就是最终的目标程序
而 build 只是临时工作目录，存放一些临时文件，是可以删除的。
pyinstaller 详细帮助信息
> pyinstaller -h
usage: pyinstaller [-h] [-v] [-D] [-F] [--specpath DIR] [-n NAME]
[--add-data <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>]
[--add-binary <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>] [-p DIR]
[--hidden-import MODULENAME]
[--collect-submodules MODULENAME]
[--collect-data MODULENAME] [--collect-binaries MODULENAME]
[--collect-all MODULENAME] [--copy-metadata PACKAGENAME]
[--recursive-copy-metadata PACKAGENAME]
[--additional-hooks-dir HOOKSPATH]
[--runtime-hook RUNTIME_HOOKS] [--exclude-module EXCLUDES]
[--key KEY] [--splash IMAGE_FILE]
[-d {all,imports,bootloader,noarchive}] [-s] [--noupx]
[--upx-exclude FILE] [-c] [-w]
[-i <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns or "NONE">]
[--disable-windowed-traceback] [--version-file FILE]
[-m <FILE or XML>] [-r RESOURCE] [--uac-admin]
[--uac-uiaccess] [--win-private-assemblies]
[--win-no-prefer-redirects]
[--osx-bundle-identifier BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER]
[--target-architecture ARCH] [--codesign-identity IDENTITY]
[--osx-entitlements-file FILENAME] [--runtime-tmpdir PATH]
[--bootloader-ignore-signals] [--distpath DIR]
[--workpath WORKPATH] [-y] [--upx-dir UPX_DIR] [-a]
[--clean] [--log-level LEVEL]
scriptname [scriptname ...]
positional arguments:
scriptname name of scriptfiles to be processed or exactly one
.spec-file. If a .spec-file is specified, most options
are unnecessary and are ignored.
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-v, --version Show program version info and exit.
--distpath DIR Where to put the bundled app (default: .\dist)
--workpath WORKPATH Where to put all the temporary work files, .log, .pyz
and etc. (default: .\build)
-y, --noconfirm Replace output directory (default:
SPECPATH\dist\SPECNAME) without asking for
confirmation
--upx-dir UPX_DIR Path to UPX utility (default: search the execution
path)
-a, --ascii Do not include unicode encoding support (default:
included if available)
--clean Clean PyInstaller cache and remove temporary files
before building.
--log-level LEVEL Amount of detail in build-time console messages. LEVEL
may be one of TRACE, DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR,
CRITICAL (default: INFO).
What to generate:
-D, --onedir Create a one-folder bundle containing an executable
(default)
-F, --onefile Create a one-file bundled executable.
--specpath DIR Folder to store the generated spec file (default:
current directory)
-n NAME, --name NAME Name to assign to the bundled app and spec file
(default: first script's basename)
What to bundle, where to search:
--add-data <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>
Additional non-binary files or folders to be added to
the executable. The path separator is platform
specific, ``os.pathsep`` (which is ``;`` on Windows
and ``:`` on most unix systems) is used. This option
can be used multiple times.
--add-binary <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>
Additional binary files to be added to the executable.
See the ``--add-data`` option for more details. This
option can be used multiple times.
-p DIR, --paths DIR A path to search for imports (like using PYTHONPATH).
Multiple paths are allowed, separated by ``';'``, or
use this option multiple times. Equivalent to
supplying the ``pathex`` argument in the spec file.
--hidden-import MODULENAME, --hiddenimport MODULENAME
Name an import not visible in the code of the
script(s). This option can be used multiple times.
--collect-submodules MODULENAME
Collect all submodules from the specified package or
module. This option can be used multiple times.
--collect-data MODULENAME, --collect-datas MODULENAME
Collect all data from the specified package or module.
This option can be used multiple times.
--collect-binaries MODULENAME
Collect all binaries from the specified package or
module. This option can be used multiple times.
--collect-all MODULENAME
Collect all submodules, data files, and binaries from
the specified package or module. This option can be
used multiple times.
--copy-metadata PACKAGENAME
Copy metadata for the specified package. This option
can be used multiple times.
--recursive-copy-metadata PACKAGENAME
Copy metadata for the specified package and all its
dependencies. This option can be used multiple times.
--additional-hooks-dir HOOKSPATH
An additional path to search for hooks. This option
can be used multiple times.
--runtime-hook RUNTIME_HOOKS
Path to a custom runtime hook file. A runtime hook is
code that is bundled with the executable and is
executed before any other code or module to set up
special features of the runtime environment. This
option can be used multiple times.
--exclude-module EXCLUDES
Optional module or package (the Python name, not the
path name) that will be ignored (as though it was not
found). This option can be used multiple times.
--key KEY The key used to encrypt Python bytecode.
--splash IMAGE_FILE (EXPERIMENTAL) Add an splash screen with the image
IMAGE_FILE to the application. The splash screen can
show progress updates while unpacking.
How to generate:
-d {all,imports,bootloader,noarchive}, --debug {all,imports,bootloader,noarchive}
Provide assistance with debugging a frozen
application. This argument may be provided multiple
times to select several of the following options.
- all: All three of the following options.
- imports: specify the -v option to the underlying
Python interpreter, causing it to print a message
each time a module is initialized, showing the
place (filename or built-in module) from which it
is loaded. See
https://docs.python.org/3/using/cmdline.html#id4.
- bootloader: tell the bootloader to issue progress
messages while initializing and starting the
bundled app. Used to diagnose problems with
missing imports.
- noarchive: instead of storing all frozen Python
source files as an archive inside the resulting
executable, store them as files in the resulting
output directory.
-s, --strip Apply a symbol-table strip to the executable and
shared libs (not recommended for Windows)
--noupx Do not use UPX even if it is available (works
differently between Windows and *nix)
--upx-exclude FILE Prevent a binary from being compressed when using upx.
This is typically used if upx corrupts certain
binaries during compression. FILE is the filename of
the binary without path. This option can be used
multiple times.
Windows and Mac OS X specific options:
-c, --console, --nowindowed
Open a console window for standard i/o (default). On
Windows this option will have no effect if the first
script is a '.pyw' file.
-w, --windowed, --noconsole
Windows and Mac OS X: do not provide a console window
for standard i/o. On Mac OS X this also triggers
building an OS X .app bundle. On Windows this option
will be set if the first script is a '.pyw' file. This
option is ignored in *NIX systems.
-i <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns or "NONE">, --icon <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns or "NONE">
FILE.ico: apply that icon to a Windows executable.
FILE.exe,ID, extract the icon with ID from an exe.
FILE.icns: apply the icon to the .app bundle on Mac OS
X. Use "NONE" to not apply any icon, thereby making
the OS to show some default (default: apply
PyInstaller's icon)
--disable-windowed-traceback
Disable traceback dump of unhandled exception in
windowed (noconsole) mode (Windows and macOS only),
and instead display a message that this feature is
disabled.
Windows specific options:
--version-file FILE add a version resource from FILE to the exe
-m <FILE or XML>, --manifest <FILE or XML>
add manifest FILE or XML to the exe
-r RESOURCE, --resource RESOURCE
Add or update a resource to a Windows executable. The
RESOURCE is one to four items,
FILE[,TYPE[,NAME[,LANGUAGE]]]. FILE can be a data file
or an exe/dll. For data files, at least TYPE and NAME
must be specified. LANGUAGE defaults to 0 or may be
specified as wildcard * to update all resources of the
given TYPE and NAME. For exe/dll files, all resources
from FILE will be added/updated to the final
executable if TYPE, NAME and LANGUAGE are omitted or
specified as wildcard *.This option can be used
multiple times.
--uac-admin Using this option creates a Manifest which will
request elevation upon application restart.
--uac-uiaccess Using this option allows an elevated application to
work with Remote Desktop.
Windows Side-by-side Assembly searching options (advanced):
--win-private-assemblies
Any Shared Assemblies bundled into the application
will be changed into Private Assemblies. This means
the exact versions of these assemblies will always be
used, and any newer versions installed on user
machines at the system level will be ignored.
--win-no-prefer-redirects
While searching for Shared or Private Assemblies to
bundle into the application, PyInstaller will prefer
not to follow policies that redirect to newer
versions, and will try to bundle the exact versions of
the assembly.
Mac OS X specific options:
--osx-bundle-identifier BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER
Mac OS X .app bundle identifier is used as the default
unique program name for code signing purposes. The
usual form is a hierarchical name in reverse DNS
notation. For example:
com.mycompany.department.appname (default: first
script's basename)
--target-architecture ARCH, --target-arch ARCH
Target architecture (macOS only; valid values: x86_64,
arm64, universal2). Enables switching between
universal2 and single-arch version of frozen
application (provided python installation supports the
target architecture). If not target architecture is
not specified, the current running architecture is
targeted.
--codesign-identity IDENTITY
Code signing identity (macOS only). Use the provided
identity to sign collected binaries and generated
executable. If signing identity is not provided, ad-
hoc signing is performed instead.
--osx-entitlements-file FILENAME
Entitlements file to use when code-signing the
collected binaries (macOS only).
Rarely used special options:
--runtime-tmpdir PATH
Where to extract libraries and support files in
`onefile`-mode. If this option is given, the
bootloader will ignore any temp-folder location
defined by the run-time OS. The ``_MEIxxxxxx``-folder
will be created here. Please use this option only if
you know what you are doing.
--bootloader-ignore-signals
Tell the bootloader to ignore signals rather than
forwarding them to the child process. Useful in
situations where e.g. a supervisor process signals
both the bootloader and child (e.g. via a process
group) to avoid signalling the child twice.