第四百零一节，Django+Xadmin打造上线标准的在线教育平台—生产环境部署virtualenv虚拟环境安装，与Python虚拟环境批量安装模块
virtualenv简介
1.安装virtualenv
[root@192 huan_jing]# pip3 install virtualenv
Collecting virtualenv
Downloading virtualenv-15.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.8MB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.8MB 61kB/s
Installing collected packages: virtualenv
Successfully installed virtualenv-15.1.0
You are using pip version 7.1.2, however version 9.0.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
[root@192 huan_jing]#
2.安装virtualenvwrapper
virtualenvwrapper是virtualenv的一个方便管理虚拟环境的管理器
pip3 install virtualenvwrapper
3.安装好virtualenvwrapper后编辑vim ~/.bashrc文件，这步很重要，不设置会导致下面的命令不可用
vim ~/.bashrc
在文件加入
export WORKON_HOME=/usr/xu_ni_huan_jing 存放虚拟环境的目录
source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh 指定virtualenvwrapper.sh文件路径
使刚才修改的文件失效
[root@192 xu_ni_huan_jing]# source ~/.bashrc
4.创建虚拟环境，创建后会自动进入虚拟环境
mkvirtualenv 虚拟环境名称
[root@192 xu_ni_huan_jing]# mkvirtualenv jxiou
Using base prefix '/usr/local'
New python executable in /usr/xu_ni_huan_jing/jxiou/bin/python3.5
Also creating executable in /usr/xu_ni_huan_jing/jxiou/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...done.
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /usr/xu_ni_huan_jing/jxiou/bin/predeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /usr/xu_ni_huan_jing/jxiou/bin/postdeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /usr/xu_ni_huan_jing/jxiou/bin/preactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /usr/xu_ni_huan_jing/jxiou/bin/postactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /usr/xu_ni_huan_jing/jxiou/bin/get_env_details
(jxiou) [root@192 xu_ni_huan_jing]#
5.退出虚拟环境
deactivate
(jxiou) [root@192 xu_ni_huan_jing]# deactivate
[root@192 xu_ni_huan_jing]#
6.查看有哪些虚拟环境
workon
[root@192 /]# workon
jxiou2
jxiou
[root@192 /]#
7.进入一个指定的虚拟环境
workon jxiou(虚拟环境名称)
[root@192 /]# workon jxiou
(jxiou) [root@192 /]#
8.在虚拟环境安装开发包
首先要进入虚拟环境
(jxiou) [root@192 /]# pip install requests
Collecting requests
Downloading requests-2.18.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (88kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 92kB 160kB/s
Collecting certifi>=2017.4.17 (from requests)
Downloading certifi-2017.7.27.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (349kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 358kB 38kB/s
Collecting urllib3<1.23,>=1.21.1 (from requests)
Downloading urllib3-1.22-py2.py3-none-any.whl (132kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 133kB 23kB/s
Collecting idna<2.7,>=2.5 (from requests)
Downloading idna-2.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl (56kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 61kB 15kB/s
Collecting chardet<3.1.0,>=3.0.2 (from requests)
Downloading chardet-3.0.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (133kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 143kB 24kB/s
Installing collected packages: certifi, urllib3, idna, chardet, requests
Successfully installed certifi-2017.7.27.1 chardet-3.0.4 idna-2.6 requests-2.18.4 urllib3-1.22
(jxiou) [root@192 /]#
虚拟环境批量安装开发模块
1.首先在开发系统里cd进入一个目录，执行 pip freeze > chuaj.txt 命令，将开发环境里用到的第三方模块以txt文件方式导出模块安装文件
2.在生产环境里进入虚拟环境，将开发环境里导出的txt文件放到生产虚拟环境里，执行命令 pip install -r /usr/xu_ni_huan_jing/jxiou/chuaj.txt 批量安装模块
如果遇到安装慢的可以ctrl+c停止安装，单独用加速镜像安装源，安装