参考网址：http://wiki.ros.org/melodic/Installation/ArchLinux
国内几乎所有的ros教材都是推荐使用ubuntu安装ros，我个人一直对ubuntu不了解，试用了几次，不习惯还运行速度慢，奇葩的界面设计，屏幕左边一条和屏幕上边一条，应用无法全屏，更让人无语的是我从网上下载过3个版本的kubuntu的18.04, 18.04.1, 18.04.2, 18.04.3都是无法成功安装，本人使用linux时间超过20年，2004年就自己安装过lfs，请不要把我当小白来看。在我看来，使用linux时，使用什么桌面应该是用户的一个*。后来安装ubuntu的18.04.3后，强制安装kde桌面。速度一直是ubuntu的弱项，算了，源码开始编译吧。特地记录如下：
yay -S ros-melodic-desktop-full，可能要等一下子，根据自己机子速度不同，大概十分钟左右吧。会有以下：
:: There are 2 providers available for ros-build-tools:
:: Repository AUR
1) ros-build-tools 2) ros-build-tools-py3
Enter a number (default=1):
:: There are 2 providers available for ros-melodic-message-filters:
:: Repository AUR
1) ros-melodic-message-filters 2) ros-melodic-message-filters-git
Enter a number (default=1):
:: There are 2 providers available for ros-melodic-roscpp:
:: Repository AUR
1) ros-melodic-roscpp 2) ros-melodic-roscpp-git
Enter a number (default=1):
:: There are 2 providers available for gazebo:
:: Repository AUR
1) gazebo 2) gazebo-hg
Enter a number (default=1):
:: There are 2 providers available for log4cxx:
:: Repository AUR
1) log4cxx 2) log4cxx-git
Enter a number (default=1):
:: There are 2 providers available for pcl:
:: Repository AUR
1) pcl 2) pcl-git
Enter a number (default=1):
:: There are 2 providers available for ignition-msgs:
:: Repository AUR
1) ignition-msgs 2) ignition-msgs-1
Enter a number (default=1):
:: There are 2 providers available for ignition-common:
:: Repository AUR
1) ignition-common 2) ignition-common-1
Enter a number (default=1):
:: There are 2 providers available for ignition-fuel_tools:
:: Repository AUR
1) ignition-fuel_tools 2) ignition-fuel_tools-1
Enter a number (default=1):
:: There are 2 providers available for ignition-cmake:
:: Repository AUR
1) ignition-cmake 2) ignition-cmake-0
Enter a number (default=1):
:: Checking for conflicts...
:: Checking for inner conflicts...
碰到这种情况，什么都不要想，脑子一片空白，按10次回车，切记注意速度啊：
出现：
==> Inner conflicts found:
-> ros-build-tools-py3: ros-build-tools
==> Conflicting packages will have to be confirmed manually
[Repo: 44] boost-1.69.0-2 unixodbc-2.3.7-2 poco-1.9.3-1 python-netifaces-0.10.
9-1 python-defusedxml-0.6.0-1 python-ply-3.11-2 python-pycparser-2.19-1 python
-cffi-1.12.3-1 python-bcrypt-3.1.7-1 python-asn1crypto-0.24.0-2 python-cryptogr
aphy-2.7-1 python-pyasn1-0.4.7-1 python-pynacl-1.3.0-1 python-paramiko-2.6.0-1
python-gnupg-0.4.5-1 python-pycryptodome-3.9.0-1 python2-wxpython3-3.0.2.0-2 g
ts-0.7.6-5 graphviz-2.40.1-19 eigen-3.3.7-4 jxrlib-0.2.1-3 freeimage-3.18.0-2
nvidia-cg-toolkit-3.1-5 assimp-4.1.0-1 sip-4.19.18-1 python-sip-4.19.18-1 pyt
hon-pydot-1.4.1-1 python-opengl-3.1.0-4 sbcl-1.5.5-1 python-psutil-5.6.3-1 hdd
temp-0.3.beta15.53-1 python-lxml-4.4.1-1 protobuf-3.7.0-1 protobuf-c-1.3.1-2 q
wt-6.1.4-2 fltk-1.3.5-1 opencv-4.1.1-1 qhull-2019.1-1 numactl-2.0.13-1 hwloc-
1.11.12-1 openmpi-4.0.1-1 libharu-2.3.0-2 proj-6.1.0-1 netcdf-4.7.1-1
[Repo Make: 20] python-nose-1.3.7-4 gtest-1.8.1-3 python-argparse-1.4.0-5 pyth
on-docutils-0.14-2 gmock-1.8.1-3 tinyxml2-7.1.0-1 doxygen-1.8.16-1 swig-4.0.1-
1 perl-xml-parser-2.44-9 perl-xml-sax-expat-0.51-6 perl-xml-simple-2.25-3 icon
-naming-utils-0.8.90-4 intltool-0.51.0-4 lapacke-3.8.0-2 vtk-8.2.0-6 ruby-hpri
cot-0.8.6-8 ruby-rdiscount-2.2.0.1-4 ruby-mustache-1.1.0-1 ruby-ronn-0.7.3-8 g
l2ps-1.4.0-1
[Aur: 247] ros-melodic-angles-1.9.11-1 console-bridge-0.4.1-1 ros-melodic-class
-loader-0.4.1-1 ros-melodic-cpp-common-0.6.12-1 ros-melodic-rostime-0.6.12-1 ro
s-melodic-roscpp-traits-0.6.12-1 ros-melodic-genmsg-0.5.12-1 ros-melodic-genpy-0
.6.8-1 ros-melodic-roscpp-serialization-0.6.12-1 ros-melodic-message-runtime-0.4
.12-1 ros-melodic-geneus-2.2.6-1 ros-melodic-gencpp-0.6.2-1 ros-melodic-gennode
js-2.0.1-1 ros-melodic-genlisp-0.4.16-1 ros-melodic-message-generation-0.4.0-1
ros-melodic-rosbuild-1.14.4-1 log4cxx-0.10.0-4 ros-melodic-rosconsole-1.13.10-1
ros-melodic-pluginlib-1.12.1-1 ros-melodic-xmlrpcpp-1.12.14-2 ros-melodic-std-m
sgs-0.5.12-1 ros-melodic-rosgraph-msgs-1.11.2-2 ros-melodic-roscpp-1.12.14-1 ro
s-melodic-pluginlib-tutorials-0.1.11-1 ros-melodic-std-srvs-1.11.2-2 ros-melodic
-geometry-msgs-1.12.7-2 ros-melodic-turtlesim-0.9.0-1 ros-melodic-actionlib-msgs
-1.12.7-2 ros-melodic-rosgraph-1.14.3-1 ros-melodic-rosmaster-1.12.14-1 ros-mel
odic-rosout-1.12.14-1 ros-melodic-rosparam-1.12.14-1 ros-melodic-rosclean-1.14.6
-1 ros-melodic-roslaunch-1.12.14-1 ros-melodic-rospy-1.14.3-1 ros-melodic-roste
st-1.12.14-1 ros-melodic-roslz4-1.12.14-1 ros-melodic-rosbag-storage-1.12.14-1
ros-melodic-topic-tools-1.12.14-1 ros-melodic-rosbag-1.12.14-1 ros-melodic-rosto
pic-1.12.14-1 ros-melodic-actionlib-1.11.15-1 ros-melodic-turtle-actionlib-0.1.1
1-1 ros-melodic-smclib-1.8.3-2 ros-melodic-bond-1.8.3-2 ros-melodic-bondcpp-1.8
.3-2 ros-melodic-nodelet-1.9.16-2 ros-melodic-nodelet-tutorial-math-0.1.11-1 ro
s-melodic-actionlib-tutorials-0.1.11-1 ros-melodic-common-tutorials-0.1.11-1 ros
-melodic-xacro-1.13.3-1 ros-melodic-python-qt-binding-0.3.5-1 ros-melodic-sensor
-msgs-1.12.7-2 ros-melodic-joint-state-publisher-1.12.13-1 ros-melodic-rosnode-1
.12.14-1 ros-melodic-rosmsg-1.12.14-1 ros-melodic-rosservice-1.12.14-1 ros-melo
dic-roswtf-1.12.14-1 ros-melodic-tf2-msgs-0.6.5-1 ros-melodic-tf2-0.6.5-2 ros-m
elodic-tf2-py-0.6.5-1 ros-melodic-message-filters-1.12.14-1 ros-melodic-tf2-ros-
0.6.5-1 ros-melodic-tf-1.12.0-2 ros-melodic-nav-msgs-1.12.7-2 ros-melodic-rosco
nsole-bridge-0.5.3-1 urdfdom-headers-1.0.0-2 urdfdom-1.0.0-2 ros-melodic-urdf-1
.13.1-1 ros-melodic-resource-retriever-1.12.4-1 ros-melodic-laser-geometry-1.6.4
-1 ros-melodic-media-export-0.2.0-1 ros-melodic-visualization-msgs-1.12.7-2 ros
-melodic-interactive-markers-1.11.4-1 ros-melodic-image-transport-1.11.13-1 ros-
melodic-map-msgs-1.13.0-1 ogre-1.9-1.9.1-3 ros-melodic-rviz-1.13.3-2 ros-melodi
c-orocos-kdl-1.4.0-1 ros-melodic-tf2-kdl-0.6.5-1 ros-melodic-kdl-parser-1.13.1-1
ros-melodic-robot-state-publisher-1.13.6-1 ros-melodic-urdf-tutorial-0.4.0-1 r
os-melodic-turtle-tf-0.2.2-1 ros-melodic-turtle-tf2-0.2.2-1 ros-melodic-geometry
-tutorials-0.2.2-1 ros-melodic-visualization-marker-tutorials-0.10.3-1 ros-melod
ic-librviz-tutorial-0.10.3-1 ros-melodic-rviz-plugin-tutorials-0.10.3-1 ros-melo
dic-interactive-marker-tutorials-0.10.3-1 ros-melodic-rviz-python-tutorial-0.10.3
-1 ros-melodic-visualization-tutorials-0.10.3-1 tango-icon-theme-0.8.90-14 ros-
melodic-qt-gui-0.3.11-1 ros-melodic-rqt-gui-0.5.0-1 ros-melodic-rqt-gui-py-0.5.0
-1 ros-melodic-qt-dotgraph-0.3.11-1 ros-melodic-rqt-graph-0.4.10-1 ros-melodic-
rqt-tf-tree-0.5.8-1 ros-melodic-diagnostic-msgs-1.12.7-2 ros-melodic-rqt-runtime
-monitor-0.5.7-1 ros-melodic-rqt-py-common-0.5.0-1 ros-melodic-rqt-nav-view-0.5.
7-1 ros-melodic-gl-dependency-1.1.0-1 ros-melodic-rqt-pose-view-0.5.8-1 ros-mel
odic-rqt-robot-steering-0.5.9-1 ros-melodic-rqt-topic-0.4.10-1 ros-melodic-rqt-m
oveit-0.5.7-1 ros-melodic-rqt-logger-level-0.4.8-1 ros-melodic-rqt-console-0.4.8
-1 ros-melodic-qt-gui-py-common-0.3.11-1 ros-melodic-rqt-bag-0.4.12-1 ros-melod
ic-rqt-robot-monitor-0.5.8-1 ros-melodic-rqt-robot-dashboard-0.5.7-1 ros-melodic
-qt-gui-cpp-0.3.11-3 ros-melodic-rqt-gui-cpp-0.5.0-1 ros-melodic-rqt-rviz-0.6.0-
1 ros-melodic-rqt-robot-plugins-0.5.7-1 ros-melodic-bondpy-1.8.3-2 ros-melodic-
bond-core-1.8.3-2 ros-melodic-dynamic-reconfigure-1.6.0-1 ros-melodic-nodelet-to
pic-tools-1.9.16-2 ros-melodic-nodelet-core-1.9.16-2 ros-melodic-roscpp-core-0.6
.12-1 ros-melodic-rosbag-migration-rule-1.0.0-2 ros-melodic-rosmake-1.14.6-1 ro
s-melodic-rosboost-cfg-1.14.6-1 ros-melodic-rosbash-1.14.6-1 ros-melodic-mk-1.14
.6-1 ros-melodic-roscreate-1.14.6-1 ros-melodic-ros-1.14.6-1 ros-melodic-roslis
p-1.9.22-2 ros-melodic-trajectory-msgs-1.12.7-2 ros-melodic-stereo-msgs-1.12.7-1
ros-melodic-shape-msgs-1.12.7-2 ros-melodic-common-msgs-1.12.7-2 ros-melodic-r
os-comm-1.12.14-1 ros-melodic-ros-core-1.4.1-2 ros-melodic-ros-base-1.4.1-2 ros
-melodic-qwt-dependency-1.1.0-1 ros-melodic-rqt-plot-0.4.8-1 ros-melodic-rqt-bag
-plugins-0.4.12-1 ros-melodic-rqt-launch-0.4.8-1 ros-melodic-rqt-msg-0.4.8-1 ro
s-melodic-rqt-action-0.4.9-1 ros-melodic-rqt-top-0.4.8-1 ros-melodic-rqt-service
-caller-0.4.8-1 ros-melodic-rqt-shell-0.4.9-1 ros-melodic-webkit-dependency-1.1.
0-1 ros-melodic-rqt-web-0.4.8-1 ros-melodic-rqt-publisher-0.4.8-1 ros-melodic-r
qt-srv-0.4.8-1 ros-melodic-rqt-dep-0.4.9-1 opencv3-opt-3.4.7-1 ros-melodic-cv-b
ridge-1.13.0-0 ros-melodic-rqt-image-view-0.4.13-1 ros-melodic-rqt-py-console-0.
4.8-1 ros-melodic-rqt-reconfigure-0.4.10-1 ros-melodic-rqt-common-plugins-0.4.8-
1 ros-melodic-viz-1.4.1-1 ros-melodic-filters-1.8.1-1 ros-melodic-smach-msgs-2.
0.1-1 ros-melodic-smach-2.0.1-1 ros-melodic-smach-ros-2.0.1-1 ros-melodic-execu
tive-smach-2.0.1-1 ros-melodic-diagnostic-updater-1.9.3-1 ros-melodic-diagnostic
-analysis-1.9.3-1 ros-melodic-diagnostic-common-diagnostics-1.9.3-1 ros-melodic-
diagnostic-aggregator-1.9.3-1 ros-melodic-self-test-1.9.3-1 ros-melodic-diagnost
ics-1.9.3-1 ros-melodic-python-orocos-kdl-1.4.0-1 ros-melodic-urdfdom-py-0.4.0-1
ros-melodic-kdl-parser-py-1.13.1-1 ros-melodic-kdl-conversions-1.12.0-1 ros-me
lodic-tf-conversions-1.12.0-1 ros-melodic-eigen-conversions-1.12.0-1 ros-melodic
-geometry-1.12.0-1 ros-melodic-control-msgs-1.4.0-1 ros-melodic-robot-1.4.1-1 r
os-melodic-roscpp-tutorials-0.9.0-1 ros-melodic-rospy-tutorials-0.9.0-1 ros-melo
dic-ros-tutorials-0.9.0-1 ros-melodic-desktop-1.4.1-1 ros-melodic-gazebo-msgs-2.
8.4-1 libccd-2.1-1 ignition-math-4-4.0.0-2 sdformat-6-6.2.0-3 ignition-msgs-1-
1.0.0-2 ignition-transport-4-4.0.0-2 ignition-math-6.2.0-4 ignition-common-3.1.
0-3 ignition-fuel_tools-3.2.0-3 ignition-msgs-4.2.0-3 gazebo-10.1.0-2 ros-melo
dic-gazebo-dev-2.8.4-2 ros-melodic-gazebo-ros-2.8.5-1 ros-melodic-camera-calibra
tion-parsers-1.11.13-1 ros-melodic-camera-info-manager-1.11.13-1 ros-melodic-pol
led-camera-1.11.13-1 ros-melodic-gazebo-plugins-2.8.4-1 ros-melodic-gazebo-ros-p
kgs-2.8.4-1 ros-melodic-stage-4.3.0-1 ros-melodic-stage-ros-1.8.0-1 ros-melodic
-simulators-1.4.1-1 ros-melodic-image-geometry-1.13.0-1 ros-melodic-vision-openc
v-1.13.0-1 ros-melodic-pcl-msgs-0.2.0-1 flann-1.9.1-5 pcl-1.9.1-1 ros-melodic-
pcl-conversions-1.6.2-1 ros-melodic-tf2-eigen-0.6.5-1 ros-melodic-pcl-ros-1.6.2-
1 ros-melodic-perception-pcl-1.6.2-1 ros-melodic-laser-assembler-1.7.6-2 ros-me
lodic-laser-filters-1.8.6-2 ros-melodic-laser-pipeline-1.6.3-2 ros-melodic-compr
essed-depth-image-transport-1.9.5-1 ros-melodic-compressed-image-transport-1.9.5-
1 ros-melodic-theora-image-transport-1.9.5-1 ros-melodic-image-transport-plugins
-1.9.5-1 ros-melodic-tf2-geometry-msgs-0.6.5-2 ros-melodic-image-rotate-1.12.23-
1 ros-melodic-image-proc-1.12.23-1 ros-melodic-stereo-image-proc-1.12.23-1 ros-
melodic-depth-image-proc-1.12.23-1 ros-melodic-image-view-1.13.0-2 ros-melodic-i
mage-publisher-1.12.23-1 ros-melodic-camera-calibration-1.12.23-1 ros-melodic-im
age-pipeline-1.13.0-1 ros-melodic-image-common-1.11.13-1 ros-melodic-perception-
1.4.1-1 ros-melodic-hardware-interface-0.15.1-1 ros-melodic-controller-interface
-0.15.1-1 ros-melodic-realtime-tools-1.13.1-0 ros-melodic-forward-command-contro
ller-0.14.2-1 ros-melodic-position-controllers-0.14.2-1 ros-melodic-controller-m
anager-msgs-0.15.1-1 ros-melodic-controller-manager-0.15.1-1 ros-melodic-joint-s
tate-controller-0.14.2-1 ros-melodic-diff-drive-controller-0.14.2-1 ros-melodic-
joint-limits-interface-0.15.1-1 ros-melodic-control-toolbox-1.16.0-1 ros-melodic
-transmission-interface-0.15.1-1 ros-melodic-gazebo-ros-control-2.8.5-1 ros-melo
dic-urdf-sim-tutorial-0.4.0-1 ros-melodic-desktop-full-1.4.1-1
[Aur Make: 19] ros-build-tools-0.2.0-1 python-catkin_pkg-0.4.13-1 python-empy-3
.3.4-1 ros-build-tools-py3-0.3.1-1 ros-melodic-catkin-0.7.17-2 ros-melodic-cmak
e-modules-0.4.2-1 ros-melodic-ros-environment-1.2.1-2 python-rospkg-1.1.10-1 py
thon-rosdistro-0.7.4-1 python-rosdep-0.16.1-1 ros-melodic-rospack-2.5.3-1 ros-m
elodic-roslib-1.14.6-1 ros-melodic-rosunit-1.14.6-1 ros-melodic-roslang-1.14.6-1
ros-melodic-roslint-0.11.2-1 ros-melodic-urdf-parser-plugin-1.13.1-1 ignition-
cmake-0-0.6.1-2 ignition-tools-0.2.0-1 ignition-cmake-2.1.0-3
==> Remove make dependencies after install? [y/N]
继续按下回车键，等待，经过漫长的等待，有266个软件包，根据机子速度和网速，自己估计下，需要一个小时吧，下载，编译，安装吧。
成功后，自动安装依赖包：
软