剑指Offer 55. 链表中环的入口结点 (链表)

题目描述

给一个链表,若其中包含环,请找出该链表的环的入口结点,否则,输出null。

题目地址

https://www.nowcoder.com/practice/253d2c59ec3e4bc68da16833f79a38e4?tpId=13&tqId=11208&rp=3&ru=/ta/coding-interviews&qru=/ta/coding-interviews/question-ranking

思路

第一步:判断是否存在环,用快慢指针,一个走一步,一个走两步,如果最终达到同一节点,则说明有环

第二步:寻找环的入口,假设入口结点距离头结点a个单位,fast和slow相遇在距离入口结点b个单位的位置,环剩下的长度为c,则有a+b+c+b = 2*(a+b) --> a = c 。因此,在重合时候,将fast置为head,再一步一步地走,当与slow重合时的结点即为入口结点。

Python

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
class ListNode:
def __init__(self,x):
self.val = x
self.next = None node1 = ListNode(1)
node2 = ListNode(2)
node3 = ListNode(3)
node4 = ListNode(4)
node1.next = node2
node2.next = node3
node3.next = node4
node4.next = node2 class Solution:
def EntryNodeOfLoop(self, pHead):
# write code here
if not pHead or not pHead.next:
return None
fast = slow = pHead
while fast and fast.next:
fast = fast.next.next
slow = slow.next
if slow == fast:
# 有环
fast = pHead
while fast != slow:
fast = fast.next
slow = slow.next
return fast
return None if __name__ == '__main__':
result = Solution().EntryNodeOfLoop(node1)
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