使用Let‘s Encrypt免费证书实现https
Let‘s Encrypt是一家免费、开放、自动化的证书颁发机构（CA），为公众的利益而运行（由非盈利组织互联网安全研究小组（ISRG）运营）。
前提：你需要有自己的域名
生成证书的方式有很多种，详情点击这里。
我这里以Certbot来生成证书。
（1）、选择证书服务对象和操作系统
选择完后下拉就会出现具体的操作步骤，如下：
（2）、安装epel源
yum install epel-release -y其他操作系统及其安装方法可以点这里。
（3）、安装certbot
yum install certbot python2-certbot-nginx（4）、生成证书
可以选择两种方式。
第一种，直接生成证书并配置NGINX。
certbot --nginx第二种，只生成证书，NGINX需要自己配置
certbot certonly --nginx我选择的第二种，输出详情如下：
[root@VM_0_2_centos ssl]# certbot certonly --nginx
Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
Plugins selected: Authenticator nginx, Installer nginx
Enter email address (used for urgent renewal and security notices) (Enter ‘c‘ to
cancel): coolops@163.com
Starting new HTTPS connection (1): acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Please read the Terms of Service at
https://letsencrypt.org/documents/LE-SA-v1.2-November-15-2017.pdf. You must
agree in order to register with the ACME server at
https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(A)gree/(C)ancel: A
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Would you be willing to share your email address with the Electronic Frontier
Foundation, a founding partner of the Let‘s Encrypt project and the non-profit
organization that develops Certbot? We‘d like to send you email about our work
encrypting the web, EFF news, campaigns, and ways to support digital freedom.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(Y)es/(N)o: Y
Starting new HTTPS connection (1): supporters.eff.org
Which names would you like to activate HTTPS for?
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1: jenkins.coolops.cn
2: www.coolops.cn
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Select the appropriate numbers separated by commas and/or spaces, or leave input
blank to select all options shown (Enter ‘c‘ to cancel): 1
Obtaining a new certificate
Performing the following challenges:
http-01 challenge for jenkins.coolops.cn
Waiting for verification...
Cleaning up challenges
IMPORTANT NOTES:
- Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at:
/etc/letsencrypt/live/jenkins.coolops.cn/fullchain.pem
Your key file has been saved at:
/etc/letsencrypt/live/jenkins.coolops.cn/privkey.pem
Your cert will expire on 2020-08-23. To obtain a new or tweaked
version of this certificate in the future, simply run certbot
again. To non-interactively renew *all* of your certificates, run
"certbot renew"
- Your account credentials have been saved in your Certbot
configuration directory at /etc/letsencrypt. You should make a
secure backup of this folder now. This configuration directory will
also contain certificates and private keys obtained by Certbot so
making regular backups of this folder is ideal.
- If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:
Donating to ISRG / Let‘s Encrypt: https://letsencrypt.org/donate
Donating to EFF: https://eff.org/donate-le安装步骤执行即可，当看到如上输出信息，则表明证书签发成功。
我们可以到相应的目录下查看证书
[root@VM_0_2_centos jenkins.coolops.cn]# cd /etc/letsencrypt/live/jenkins.coolops.cn
[root@VM_0_2_centos jenkins.coolops.cn]# ll
total 4
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 42 May 25 14:50 cert.pem -> ../../archive/jenkins.coolops.cn/cert1.pem
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 43 May 25 14:50 chain.pem -> ../../archive/jenkins.coolops.cn/chain1.pem
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 47 May 25 14:50 fullchain.pem -> ../../archive/jenkins.coolops.cn/fullchain1.pem
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 45 May 25 14:50 privkey.pem -> ../../archive/jenkins.coolops.cn/privkey1.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 692 May 25 14:50 README注意：证书是有过期时间的，默认是3个月，我们可以使用脚本自动续约（见后文）。
（5）、配置NGINX
server{
listen 80 ;
listen 443 ssl;
server_name jenkins.coolops.cn;
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/jenkins.coolops.cn/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/jenkins.coolops.cn/privkey.pem;
ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5:!RC4:!DHE;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
location / {
proxy_connect_timeout 180;
proxy_send_timeout 180;
proxy_read_timeout 180;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarder-For $remote_addr;
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
}
}
然后浏览器访问，并查看证书信息如下：
（6）、配置证书自动续签
官方已经提供了，直接加入cron即可。
echo "0 0,12 * * * root python -c ‘import random; import time; time.sleep(random.random() * 3600)‘ && certbot renew -q" | sudo tee -a /etc/crontab > /dev/null完