1. 首先查看是否字符集不是支持中文
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES WHERE Variable_name LIKE 'character_set_%' OR Variable_name LIKE 'collation%';
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_connection | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.7\share\charsets\ |
| collation_connection | utf8mb4_general_ci |
| collation_database | latin1_swedish_ci |
| collation_server | latin1_swedish_ci |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
11 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
2.编辑 my.ini 文件
文件位置 C:\ProgramData\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.7\my.ini ，添加部分如下：
[client]
default-character-set = utf8mb4
port=3306
[mysql]
no-beep
default-character-set = utf8mb4
[mysqld]
init-connect = 'SET NAMES utf8mb4'
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
port=3306
3. 重启查看
重启时可以在屏幕左下角的搜索框中直接搜索服务，然后重启即可。查看仍然是打开查询：
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES WHERE Variable_name LIKE 'character_set_%' OR Variable_name LIKE 'collation%';
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_connection | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_database | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_server | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.7\share\charsets\ |
| collation_connection | utf8mb4_general_ci |
| collation_database | utf8mb4_unicode_ci |
| collation_server | utf8mb4_unicode_ci |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
11 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
这样修改之后，虽然新建数据库新建表都是 utf8了，但是原来数据库和数据表还要手工修改。
4. 修改原有存在的数据库及表
4.1.修改数据库
修改已经存在的数据库编码 ALTER DATABASE db_name CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_unicode_ci;其中 da_name 为需要修改的数据库名。
4.2.修改表
修改数据表编码用了 segmentfault 上的大神批量生成修改数据表修改语句方案。
SELECT
CONCAT("ALTER TABLE `", TABLE_NAME,"` CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;")
AS target_tables
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA="db_name"
AND TABLE_TYPE="BASE TABLE"
其中 da_name 为需要修改的数据库名，这样就会把该数据库中数据表修改语句生成出来，再运行即可。