Python3发送post请求，自动记住cookie

2021-08-07 13:49:54

转载自：http://www.cnblogs.com/meitian/p/4607737.html

在做登录的post请求时，需要记住cookie，否则不能访问登录后的页面。

下面是登录的代码：

#coding:utf-8
import urllib
import http.cookiejar

url = "http://c.highpin.cn/Users/CLogin"
postdata =urllib.parse.urlencode({
"Logon_Password":"sunmin",
"Logon_PostCode":"fghc",
"Logon_RememberMe":"false",
"Logon_UserEmail":"sun121@qq.com"
}).encode('utf-8')
header = {
"Accept":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8",
"Accept-Encoding":"utf-8",
"Accept-Language":"zh-cn,zh;q=0.8,en-us;q=0.5,en;q=0.3",
"Connection":"keep-alive",
"Host":"c.highpin.cn",
"Referer":"http://c.highpin.cn/",
"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:32.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/32.0"
}
req = urllib.request.Request(url,postdata,header)
##print(urllib.request.urlopen(req).read().decode('utf-8'))

#自动记住cookie
cj = http.cookiejar.CookieJar()
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor(cj))
r = opener.open(req)
print(r.read().decode('utf-8'))

以前用的是python2.7，但是python3开始很多包的位置和以前不一样了，就对这里用到的说明一下：

urllib2合并到了urllib下，urlopen使用时包的位置为urllib.request.urlopen，urlencode使用包位置为urllib.parse.urlencode

cookielib变更为了http.cookiejar

说明：带cookie的打印出来必须用opener.open(req).read().decode('utf-8')来发送的请求才会带上cookie，如果用urllib.request.urlopen()是不带cookie的

说明：

1.urllib.request.Request()返回了一个request的请求实例

2.urlopen是一个封装好的OpenerDirector实例，里面只有三个参数（url，data，timeout）

3.通过build_opener可以自己创建一个OpenerDirector实例，所以如果想要构建一个cookie管理

build_opener(*handlers)，将handler类实例化增加到OpenerDirector中，比如像上面的例子里增加cookie，

如果已知cookie内容，且要用这个固定cookie去发送请求，可以在header中直接添加cookie内容去发送请求，例子如下：

比如通过fiddle抓取请求包，看到请求和相应的raw格式，可以看到cookie（cookie属于header）。

import urllib
url = "http://h.highpin.cn/ManageJob/PubJobCompany?Length=9"
postdata=urllib.parse.urlencode({
    "JobName":"测试工程师",
    "YearlySalaryMin":"11",
    "YearlySalaryMax":"12",
    "X-Requested-With":"XMLHttpRequest",
    "WorkExperienceMin":"-1",
    "WorkExperienceMax":"-1",
    "TabId":"0",
    "SubordinateCount":"0",
    "SaveType":"1",
    "ReportObject":"测试人",
    "RecruitCount":"1",
    "QualifiCation":"信息描述",
    "ProfessionalName":"",
    "nowCurrentPageIndex":"0",
    "Memo":"限500字",
    "MasteryDegree":"1",
    "MajorID":"-1",
    "LanguageType":"-1",
    "JobTypeID":"1050000,4000000,160000",
    "JobTagCount":"8",
    "JobStatus":"1",
    "JobDescription":"职位描述",
    "JobAllTagStr":"五险一金",
    "IsViewHighEndUser":"false",
    "IsFull":"true",
    "FullTime":"false",
    "DepName":"测试",
    "Degree":"-1",
    "CompanyID":"2234",
    "CloseDate":"2016-01-12",
    "AreaID":"530",
    "AgeMin":"-1",
    "AgeMax":"-1"
    }).encode('utf-8')
header={
    "Accept":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8",
    "Accept-Encoding":"utf-8",
    "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:40.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/40.0",
    "Host":"h.highpin.cn",
    "Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8",
    "Referer":"http://h.highpin.cn/ManageJob/PubNewJob",
    "Cookie":"XXXXX",
    "Connection":"keep-alive"
    }
req = urllib.request.Request(url,postdata,header)
r=urllib.request.urlopen(req)
print(r.read().decode('utf-8'))

说明：cookie中的内容我给替换掉了，放上自己的cookie就可以了

Python3和Python2的变更，可以参考文章：http://blog.csdn.net/samxx8/article/details/21535901

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