[LeetCode] Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock with Transaction Fee 买股票的最佳时间含交易费

Your are given an array of integers prices, for which the i-th element is the price of a given stock on day i; and a non-negative integer fee representing a transaction fee.

You may complete as many transactions as you like, but you need to pay the transaction fee for each transaction. You may not buy more than 1 share of a stock at a time (ie. you must sell the stock share before you buy again.)

Return the maximum profit you can make.

Example 1:

Input: prices = [1, 3, 2, 8, 4, 9], fee = 2
Output: 8
Explanation: The maximum profit can be achieved by:
  • Buying at prices[0] = 1
  • Selling at prices[3] = 8
  • Buying at prices[4] = 4
  • Selling at prices[5] = 9
The total profit is ((8 - 1) - 2) + ((9 - 4) - 2) = 8. 

Note:

  • 0 < prices.length <= 50000.
  • 0 < prices[i] < 50000.
  • 0 <= fee < 50000.

又是一道股票交易的题,之前已经有过类似的五道题了,fun4LeetCode大神的帖子做了amazing的归纳总结,有时间的话博主也写个总结。这道题跟Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock II其实最像,但是由于那道题没有交易费的限制,所以我们就无脑贪婪就可以了,见到利润就往上加。但是这道题有了交易费,所以当卖出的利润小于交易费的时候,我们就不应该卖了,不然亏了。所以这道题还是还是得用动态规划来做,按照fun4LeetCode大神的理论,本质其实是个三维dp数组,由于第三维只有两种情况,卖出和保留,而且第二维交易的次数在这道题中没有限制,所以我们用两个一维数组就可以了,sold[i]表示第i天卖掉股票此时的最大利润,hold[i]表示第i天保留手里的股票此时的最大利润。那么我们来分析递推公式,在第i天,如果我们要卖掉手中的股票,那么此时我们的总利润应该是前一天手里有股票的利润(不然没股票卖毛啊),加上此时的卖出价格,减去交易费得到的利润总值,跟前一天卖出的利润相比,取其中较大值,如果前一天卖出的利润较大,那么我们就前一天卖了,不留到今天了。然后来看如果第i天不卖的利润,就是昨天股票卖了的利润然后今天再买入股票,得减去今天的价格,得到的值和昨天股票保留时的利润相比,取其中的较大值,如果昨天保留股票的利润大,那么我们就继续保留到今天,所以递推时可以得到:

sold[i] = max(sold[i - 1], hold[i - 1] + prices[i] - fee);

hold[i] = max(hold[i - 1], sold[i - 1] - prices[i]);

参见代码如下: 

解法一:

public:
    int maxProfit(vector<int>& prices, int fee) {
        vector<int> sold(prices.size(), 0), hold = sold;
        hold[0] = -prices[0];
        for (int i = 1; i < prices.size(); ++i) {
            sold[i] = max(sold[i - 1], hold[i - 1] + prices[i] - fee);
            hold[i] = max(hold[i - 1], sold[i - 1] - prices[i]);
        }
        return sold.back();
    }
}; 

我们发现不管是卖出还是保留,第i天到利润只跟第i-1天有关系,所以我们可以优化空间,用两个变量来表示当前的卖出和保留的利润,更新方法和上面的基本相同,就是开始要保存sold的值,不然sold先更新后,再更新hold时就没能使用更新前的值了,参见代码如下: 

解法二:

class Solution {
public:
    int maxProfit(vector<int>& prices, int fee) {
        int sold = 0, hold = -prices[0];
        for (int price : prices) {
            int t = sold;
            sold = max(sold, hold + price - fee);
            hold = max(hold, t - price);
        }
        return sold;
    }
};

参考资料:

https://discuss.leetcode.com/topic/107992/java-dp-solution-easy-understand

https://discuss.leetcode.com/topic/107977/c-concise-solution-o-n-time-o-1-space

https://discuss.leetcode.com/topic/107998/most-consistent-ways-of-dealing-with-the-series-of-stock-problems

本文转自博客园Grandyang的博客,原文链接:[LeetCode] Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock with Transaction Fee 买股票的最佳时间含交易费

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