【STM32】使用DHT11温湿度传感器

2023-10-31 12:26:10

文章目录

前言
一、软硬件准备
二、使用步骤
三、连接阿里云...
- 思路
总结

前言

本项目采用ARM结构中最为代表的Cortex-M4系列的芯片，选用STM32F407ZGT6开发板进行项目开发，选用的传感器为常见通用的DHT11温湿度传感器。传感器将采集到的数据传输到STM32（MCU）主控进行数据处理，最后通过串口打印出来。

一、软硬件准备

1、软件

Keil5
官方下载链接如下：http://www.keil.com/demo/eval/arm.htm

STM32f407固件库
官方下载链接如下：http://www.keil.com/dd2/pack

STM32CudeMx
官方下载链接如下：http://www.st.com/web/en/catalog/tools/PF259242

STM32CudeMx的f407软件包
官方下载链接如下：http://www.st.com/web/en/catalog/tools/PF259243

2、硬件

STM32F407ZGT6

DHT11温湿度传感器

3、接线

DHT11	STM32
data	PG9
vcc	5v
GND	GND

二、使用步骤

1、硬件平台安装

keil5安装、 STM32CudeMx安装
请按照本人共享的链接里面的开发环境文件夹里面word文档进行操作，提取文件密码为：f22d

BSP工程项目创建
①打开STM32CudeMX

②点击创建工程

③搜索STM32F407ZGT6，双击黄色区域

④点击Categories——》System Core ——》GPIO，选择PF9和PF10，各自点击为GPIO_OutPut

⑤对GPIO进行具体配置

⑥配置RCC时钟

⑦配置系统时钟

⑧这里以串口1为例我们可以选择串口的模式(异步，同步，半双工) 串口接收中断

a）点击USATR1
b）设置MODE为异步通信(Asynchronous)
c）基础参数：波特率为115200 Bits/s。传输数据长度为8 Bit。奇偶检验无，停止位1 接收和发送都使能
d）GPIO引脚设置 USART1_RX/USART_TX
e） NVIC Settings 一栏使能接收中断

⑨配置STM32F407ZGT6的时钟树，由于是外部8M的晶振，所以得出一下的时钟树

a）选择外部时钟HSE 8MHz
b）PLL锁相环倍频168倍
c）系统时钟来源选择为PLL
d）设置APB1分频器为 /4

32的时钟树框图如果不懂的话请看《【STM32】系统时钟RCC详解(超详细，超全面)》

⑩建立工程

2.BSP工程项目开发之MD5操作

（1）用keil5打开此工程，uvprojx文件双击

（2）点击option（魔法棒图形），然后进行主频配置，修改为8.0或者12.0，然后重新打开该工程进行检查，最后进行编译。

（3）在keil5上面创建SYSTEM和HARDWAVE两个文件夹

（4）回到本人创建的test工程目录，添加这两个文件夹，本人已经整理好了链接（STM32课程资料\库文件），复制库文件里面SYSTEM和HARDWAVE两个文件夹到test工程目录下。

（5）回到keil5里面，继续点击那个文件管理，然后根据对应的文件夹添加文件，一个都不要漏。

注：HARDWAVE也是这样添加工程文件进去。

（6）配置头文件路径，选择为第4步已经复制的两个文件夹（SYSTEM和HARDWAVE）

3、代码

main.c

#include "main.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"
#include "stdio.h"
#include "sys.h"
#include "delay.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "dht11.h"


void SystemClock_Config(void);

int main(void)
{
  u8 t=0;			     
	u8 temperature;  	    
	u8 humidity; 
  int times;
  HAL_Init();
 
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
	delay_init(168);               	           	
  SystemClock_Config();
	DHT11_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_USART1_UART_Init();
  HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, (uint8_t *)aRxBuffer, RXBUFFERSIZE);
  while (1)
  {
			if(t%10==0)//?100ms????
		{          
			DHT11_Read_Data(&temperature,&humidity);		
			printf("2018A14122 WuXiaoXian\r\n");
			printf("Tem:%d\r\n",temperature);
			printf("Hum:%d\r\n",humidity);	
			printf("\r\n\n");	
		}				   
	 	delay_ms(100);
		t++;  
	}
}
/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage
  */
  __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);
  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 4;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 168;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 4; 
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV4;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_5) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}




void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

uart.c

#include "usart.h"
#include "stdio.h"

/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
uint8_t USART_RX_BUF[USART_REC_LEN];
uint16_t USART_RX_STA=0; //??????
uint8_t aRxBuffer[RXBUFFERSIZE];//HAL??????????


/* USER CODE END 0 */

UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;

/* USART1 init function */
int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
{
		HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,(uint8_t *)&ch, 1, 0XFFFF);
	  return ch;

}

void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{
			if(huart->Instance==USART1)//?????1
			{
				if((USART_RX_STA&0x8000)==0)//?????
				{
					if(USART_RX_STA&0x4000)   //????0x0d
					{
						if(aRxBuffer[0]!= 0x0a)
						{
						 USART_RX_STA=0;         //????,????
						}			
					  else
					  {
					  	USART_RX_STA|=0x8000;  //?????
				 	  }
				}
				else //????0x0D
				{
					if(aRxBuffer[0] == 0x0d)
					{	
						USART_RX_STA|=0x4000;
					}
					else
					{
						USART_RX_BUF[USART_RX_STA&0x3FFF]=aRxBuffer[0];
						USART_RX_STA++;
						if(USART_RX_STA>(USART_REC_LEN-1))
						{
							USART_RX_STA=0;    //??????,??????
						}
					}
				}
			}
	   }
   }




void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void)
{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 1 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_Init 1 */
  huart1.Instance = USART1;
  huart1.Init.BaudRate = 115200;
  huart1.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
  huart1.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
  huart1.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
  huart1.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
  huart1.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
  huart1.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
  if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 2 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_Init 2 */

}

void HAL_UART_MspInit(UART_HandleTypeDef* uartHandle)
{

  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
  if(uartHandle->Instance==USART1)
  {
  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspInit 0 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_MspInit 0 */
    /* USART1 clock enable */
    __HAL_RCC_USART1_CLK_ENABLE();

    __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
    /**USART1 GPIO Configuration
    PA9     ------> USART1_TX
    PA10     ------> USART1_RX
    */
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_9|GPIO_PIN_10;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_VERY_HIGH;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = GPIO_AF7_USART1;
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);

    /* USART1 interrupt Init */
    HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(USART1_IRQn, 0, 0);
    HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(USART1_IRQn);
  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspInit 1 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_MspInit 1 */
  }
}

void HAL_UART_MspDeInit(UART_HandleTypeDef* uartHandle)
{

  if(uartHandle->Instance==USART1)
  {
  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspDeInit 0 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_MspDeInit 0 */
    /* Peripheral clock disable */
    __HAL_RCC_USART1_CLK_DISABLE();

    /**USART1 GPIO Configuration
    PA9     ------> USART1_TX
    PA10     ------> USART1_RX
    */
    HAL_GPIO_DeInit(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_9|GPIO_PIN_10);

    /* USART1 interrupt Deinit */
    HAL_NVIC_DisableIRQ(USART1_IRQn);
  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspDeInit 1 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_MspDeInit 1 */
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

/* USER CODE END 1 */

/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

uart.h

/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file    usart.h
  * @brief   This file contains all the function prototypes for
  *          the usart.c file
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * <h2><center>&copy; Copyright (c) 2021 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.</center></h2>
  *
  * This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,
  * the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the
  * License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
  *                        opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* Define to prevent recursive inclusion -------------------------------------*/
#ifndef __USART_H__
#define __USART_H__

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"

/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#define USART_REC_LEN 500
#define   RXBUFFERSIZE  1
extern uint8_t USART_RX_BUF[USART_REC_LEN];
extern uint16_t USART_RX_STA;
extern UART_HandleTypeDef UART1_Handler; //UART??
extern uint8_t aRxBuffer[RXBUFFERSIZE];//HAL??????????


/* USER CODE END Includes */

extern UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;

/* USER CODE BEGIN Private defines */

/* USER CODE END Private defines */

void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void);

/* USER CODE BEGIN Prototypes */

/* USER CODE END Prototypes */

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

#endif /* __USART_H__ */

/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

4、配置debug

5、测试结果

一定要先1编译后2烧录，每次更改了都要先编译！！

三、连接阿里云…

思路

由于这款开发板并没有WiFi模块，我们可以外接一个WiFi模块，使用串口传输通信来实现，后续学会了再更新这一步吧

总结

STM32开发相对于Arduino来说更加复杂，建议还是自己去学习一下，推荐正点原子的资料：

https://note.youdao.com/s/Lw3g8Bq9

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