Nextcloud是一套用于创建网络硬盘的客户端－服务器软件，是一款开源网盘的绝佳解决方案，Nextcloud上的文件存储在一般的目录结构中，并可透过WebDAV访问。用户的文件会在传输时加密。
Nextcloud支持Windows（Windows XP、Vista、7、8、10）、macOS（10.6或更新版本）、iOS、Android、FreeBSD或Linux等客户端。
本文以CentOS7系统为例，基于wlnmp一键安装包，使用php7.4、mysql5.7版本来安装。请严格按照文中步骤进行（注：擅自更换系统及文中所提版本，有安装失败风险）
我这里不得不强调一下防火墙和selinux，请自行关闭或放行防火墙和selinux规则
1、添加wlnmp一键安装包源
rpm -ivh http://mirrors.wlnmp.com/centos/wlnmp-release-centos.noarch.rpm
2、安装epel源
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
3、安装lnmp环境
yum clean all
yum makecache fast
yum install wphp74 wnginx wmysql57
4、安装php依赖
yum install wphp74-fileinfo wphp74-imagick wphp74-apcu
5、Nginx配置
Nextcloud建议使用https，我这里为了方便就直接使用http方式了（请在以下两个配置文件中任选其一），下面我给出了两个nginx的配置，如果你想使用https，请自行申请证书和生成赫尔曼密钥。
http配置文件，请删除原有的/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/demo.conf内容，将以下内容复制进来，并替换server_name的地址！
server
{
listen 80;
server_name 192.168.50.194;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root html/nextcloud;
add_header Referrer-Policy "no-referrer" always;
add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
add_header X-Download-Options "noopen" always;
add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies "none" always;
add_header X-Robots-Tag "none" always;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
fastcgi_hide_header X-Powered-By;
location = /robots.txt {
allow all;
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
location = /.well-known/carddav {
return 301 $scheme://$host:$server_port/remote.php/dav;
}
location = /.well-known/caldav {
return 301 $scheme://$host:$server_port/remote.php/dav;
}
location /.well-known/acme-challenge { }
location / {
rewrite ^ /index.php;
}
location ~ ^\/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)\/ {
deny all;
}
location ~ ^\/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) {
deny all;
}
location ~ ^\/(?:index|remote|public|cron|core\/ajax\/update|status|ocs\/v[12]|updater\/.+|oc[ms]-provider\/.+)\.php(?:$|\/) {
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(\/.*|)$;
set $path_info $fastcgi_path_info;
try_files $fastcgi_script_name =404;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
#fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
# Avoid sending the security headers twice
fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;
# Enable pretty urls
fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;
fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fpm74.sock;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
fastcgi_request_buffering off;
}
location ~ ^\/(?:updater|oc[ms]-provider)(?:$|\/) {
try_files $uri/ =404;
index index.php;
}
location ~ \.(?:css|js|woff2?|svg|gif|map)$ {
try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463";
add_header Referrer-Policy "no-referrer" always;
add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
add_header X-Download-Options "noopen" always;
add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies "none" always;
add_header X-Robots-Tag "none" always;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
access_log off;
}
location ~ \.(?:png|html|ttf|ico|jpg|jpeg|bcmap)$ {
try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
access_log off;
}
access_log /data/logs/nginx/nextcloud_access.log;
error_log /data/logs/nginx/nextcloud_error.log;
}
https配置文件，请删除原有的/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/demo.conf内容，将以下内容复制进来，并替换server_name的地址！
server {
listen 80;
server_name 192.168.50.194;
return 301 https://$server_name:443$request_uri;
}
server
{
listen 443 ssl http2;
ssl_dhparam /usr/local/nginx/conf/ssl/dhparam.pem;
ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/conf/ssl/xxx.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/conf/ssl/xxx.key;
ssl_ciphers EECDH+CHACHA20:EECDH+CHACHA20-draft:EECDH+AES128:RSA+AES128:EECDH+AES256:RSA+AES256:EECDH+3DES:RSA+3DES:!MD5;
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubdomains; preload";
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
add_header Referrer-Policy "no-referrer" always;
add_header X-Download-Options "noopen" always;
add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies "none" always;
add_header X-Robots-Tag "none" always;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
fastcgi_hide_header X-Powered-By;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
ssl_stapling on;
ssl_stapling_verify on;
resolver 223.5.5.5 223.6.6.6 valid=300s;
resolver_timeout 5s;
server_name 192.168.50.194;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root html/nextcloud;
location = /robots.txt {
allow all;
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
location = /.well-known/carddav {
return 301 $scheme://$host:$server_port/remote.php/dav;
}
location = /.well-known/caldav {
return 301 $scheme://$host:$server_port/remote.php/dav;
}
location /.well-known/acme-challenge { }
location / {
rewrite ^ /index.php;
}
location ~ ^\/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)\/ {
deny all;
}
location ~ ^\/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) {
deny all;
}
location ~ ^\/(?:index|remote|public|cron|core\/ajax\/update|status|ocs\/v[12]|updater\/.+|oc[ms]-provider\/.+)\.php(?:$|\/) {
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(\/.*|)$;
set $path_info $fastcgi_path_info;
try_files $fastcgi_script_name =404;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
# Avoid sending the security headers twice
fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;
# Enable pretty urls
fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;
fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fpm74.sock;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
fastcgi_request_buffering off;
}
location ~ ^\/(?:updater|oc[ms]-provider)(?:$|\/) {
try_files $uri/ =404;
index index.php;
}
location ~ \.(?:css|js|woff2?|svg|gif|map)$ {
try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463";
add_header Referrer-Policy "no-referrer" always;
add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
add_header X-Download-Options "noopen" always;
add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies "none" always;
add_header X-Robots-Tag "none" always;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
access_log off;
}
location ~ \.(?:png|html|ttf|ico|jpg|jpeg|bcmap)$ {
try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
access_log off;
}
access_log /data/logs/nginx/nextcloud_access.log;
error_log /data/logs/nginx/nextcloud_error.log;
}
6、重启nginx服务
nginx -t
/etc/init.d/nginx restart
7、配置php-fpm.conf
如果不配置此项，可能会导致Nextcloud安装警告：PHP的安装似乎不正确，无法访问系统环境变量。getenv("PATH") 函数测试返回了一个空值。
echo 'env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/php/bin' >> /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
8、启用php-opcache
echo 'zend_extension=opcache.so' >> /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's/;opcache.enable=1/opcache.enable=1/' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's/;opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8/opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8/' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's/;opcache.max_accelerated_files=10000/opcache.max_accelerated_files=10000/' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's/;opcache.memory_consumption=128/opcache.memory_consumption=128/' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's/;opcache.save_comments=1/opcache.save_comments=1/' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's/;opcache.revalidate_freq=2/opcache.revalidate_freq=1/' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's/memory_limit = 128M/memory_limit = 512M/' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
9、重启php服务
/etc/init.d/php-fpm74 configtest
/etc/init.d/php-fpm74 restart
10、配置mysql
mysql -uroot -p
mysql> set password = password('wlnmp');
mysql> create database nextcloud;
mysql> quit
11、下载nextcloud
官方下载的速度很慢，可以使用下面我本地提供的地址，点此捐赠服务器流量支出
cd /usr/local/nginx/html/
官方下载：wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-18.0.4.zip
本地下载：wget http://down.whsir.com/downloads/nextcloud-18.0.4.zip
yum install unzip
unzip nextcloud-18.0.4.zip
12、设置权限
chown -R www.www /usr/local/nginx/html/nextcloud
13、安装Nextcloud
访问http://SERVER_NAME，请选择MySQL/MariaDB数据库，默认会在网站根目录下创建一个data目录用来存放数据，该目录可根据情况进行更改，我这里保持默认状态进行安装！
14、修复Nextcloud数据库
在服务器上执行以下命令
sudo -u www php /usr/local/nginx/html/nextcloud/occ db:add-missing-indices
sudo -u www php /usr/local/nginx/html/nextcloud/occ db:convert-filecache-bigint
Following columns will be updated:
* mounts.storage_id
* mounts.root_id
* mounts.mount_id
This can take up to hours, depending on the number of files in your instance!
Continue with the conversion (y/n)? [n] y
如果不执行以上命令，可能会在Nextcloud中出现安全警告，看到以下警告内容！
数据库丢失了一些索引。由于给大的数据表添加索引会耗费一些时间，因此程序没有自动对其进行修复。您可以在 Nextcloud 运行时通过命令行手动执行 "occ db:add-missing-indices" 命令修复丢失的索引。索引修复后会大大提高相应表的查询速度。
在数据表 "oc_calendarobjects_props" 中无法找到索引 "calendarobject_calid_index"。
在数据表 "oc_schedulingobjects" 中无法找到索引 "schedulobj_principuri_index"。
数据库中的一些列由于进行长整型转换而缺失。由于在较大的数据表重改变列类型会耗费一些时间，因此程序没有自动对其更改。您可以通过命令行手动执行 "occ db:convert-filecache-bigint" 命令以应用挂起的更改。该操作需要当整个实例变为离线状态后执行。查阅相关文档以获得更多详情。
mounts.storage_id
mounts.root_id
mounts.mount_id
15、缓存配置
如果不配置缓存，可能会看到以下警告：内存缓存未配置，为了提升使用体验，请尽量配置内存缓存。
Nextcloud官方提供了几种缓存配置方案，APCu、Memcached及Redis
- 如果你是小型/私人家庭用途，可以仅使用APCu进行缓存。
- 如果你是用于公司集群用途，可以使用APCu+redis方式进行缓存。
- memcached缓存方案，它不适合与事务性文件锁定一起使用（关于事务性文件锁定可以查看官方文档），因为它不存储锁，而且数据可以随时从缓存中消失。
因此官方建议的最佳缓存方案是redis
对于Redis和APCu内存缓存的说明：APCu在本地缓存中比Redis更快。如果您有足够的内存，请使用APCu进行内存缓存，并使用Redis进行文件锁定。如果内存不足，请同时使用Redis。
最佳缓存配置APCu+Redis（推荐）
安装redis及redis模块扩展，默认安装的redis密码为空，建议添加redis密码
yum install wphp74-redis wredis5
编辑config.php配置文件，增加以下内容
vi /usr/local/nginx/html/nextcloud/config/config.php
......
'dbpassword' => '59iSA7XDJciDTXsmR4BU174k95Wijg',
'installed' => true,
'memcache.local' => '\OC\Memcache\APCu',
'memcache.locking' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis',
'memcache.distributed' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis',
'redis' => [
'host' => '127.0.0.1',
'port' => 6379,
'password' => '',
],
);
纯Redis作为缓存
安装redis及redis模块扩展，默认安装的redis密码为空，建议添加密码
yum install wphp74-redis wredis5
vi /usr/local/nginx/html/nextcloud/config/config.php
......
'dbpassword' => '59iSA7XDJciDTXsmR4BU174k95Wijg',
'installed' => true,
'memcache.local' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis',
'memcache.locking' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis',
'memcache.distributed' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis',
'redis' => [
'host' => '127.0.0.1',
'port' => 6379,
'password' => '',
],
);
仅使用APCu作为缓存
echo 'apc.enable_cli=1' >> /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
/etc/init.d/php-fpm74 restart
vi /usr/local/nginx/html/nextcloud/config/config.php
......
'dbpassword' => '59iSA7XDJciDTXsmR4BU174k95Wijg',
'installed' => true,
'memcache.local' => '\OC\Memcache\APCu',
);
使用memcached作为缓存
APC用于本地缓存，将memcached作为分布式缓存
yum install wphp74-memcached wmemcached
vi /usr/local/nginx/html/nextcloud/config/config.php
......
'dbpassword' => '59iSA7XDJciDTXsmR4BU174k95Wijg',
'installed' => true,
'memcache.local' => '\OC\Memcache\APCu',
'memcache.distributed' => '\OC\Memcache\Memcached',
'memcached_servers' => [
[ '127.0.0.1', 11211 ],
],
);
至此基于wlnmp一键包安装Nextcloud网盘完成
PS：大文件上传失败，可以更改nginx和php参数限制，参考官方文档