C语言标准库函数
标准io函数
Standard C I/O
clearerr() clears errors
fclose() close
a file
feof() true if at the end-of-file
ferror() checks for a file
error
fflush() writes the contents of the output buffer
fgetc() get
a character from a stream
fgetpos() get the file position
indicator
fgets() get a string of characters from a stream
fopen()
open a file
fprintf() print formatted output to a file
fputc() write
a character to a file
fputs() write a string to a file
fread() read
from a file
freopen() open an existing stream with a different
name
fscanf() read formatted input from a file
fseek() move to a
specific location in a file
fsetpos() move to a specific location in a
file
ftell() returns the current file position indicator
fwrite()
write to a file
getc() read a character from a file
getchar() read a
character from STDIN
gets() read a string from STDIN
perror()
displays a string version of the current error to STDERR
printf() write
formatted output to STDOUT
putc() write a character to a
stream
putchar() write a character to STDOUT
puts() write a string
to STDOUT
remove() erase a file
rename() rename a file
rewind()
move the file position indicator to the beginning of a file
scanf()
read formatted input from STDIN
setbuf() set the buffer for a specific
stream
setvbuf() set the buffer and size for a specific
stream
sprintf() write formatted output to a buffer
sscanf() read
formatted input from a buffer
tmpfile() return a pointer to a temporary
file
tmpnam() return a unique filename
ungetc() puts a character
back into a stream
vprintf, vfprintf, vsprintf write
formatted output with variable argument lists
标准字符/字符串处理函数
atof() converts a string to a double
atoi() converts
a string to an integer
atol() converts a string to a long
isalnum()
true if alphanumeric
isalpha() true if alphabetic
iscntrl() true if
control character
isdigit() true if digit
isgraph() true if a
graphical character
islower() true if lowercase
isprint() true if a
printing character
ispunct() true if punctuation
isspace() true if
space
isupper() true if uppercase character
isxdigit() true if a
hexidecimal character
memchr() searches an array for the first
occurance of a character
memcmp() compares two buffers
memcpy()
copies one buffer to another
memmove() moves one buffer to
another
memset() fills a buffer with a character
strcat()
concatenates two strings
strchr() finds the first occurance of a
character in a string
strcmp() compares two strings
strcoll()
compares two strings in accordance to the current locale
strcpy()
copies one string to another
strcspn() searches one string for any
characters in another
strerror() returns a text version of a given
error code
strlen() returns the length of a given string
strncat()
concatenates a certain amount of characters of two strings
strncmp()
compares a certain amount of characters of two strings
strncpy() copies
a certain amount of characters from one string to another
strpbrk()
finds the first location of any character in one string, in another
string
strrchr() finds the last occurance of a character in a
string
strspn() returns the length of a substring of characters of a
string
strstr() finds the first occurance of a substring of
characters
strtod() converts a string to a double
strtok() finds the
next token in a string
strtol() converts a string to a
long
strtoul() converts a string to an unsigned long
strxfrm()
converts a substring so that it can be used by string comparison
functions
tolower() converts a character to lowercase
toupper()
converts a character to uppercase
标准数学函数
abs() absolute value
acos() arc cosine
asin() arc
sine
atan() arc tangent
atan2() arc tangent, using signs to
determine quadrants
ceil() the smallest integer not less than a certain
value
cos() cosine
cosh() hyperbolic cosine
div() returns the
quotient and remainder of a division
exp() returns "e" raised to a
given power
fabs() absolute value for floating-point numbers
floor()
returns the largest integer not greater than a given value
fmod()
returns the remainder of a division
frexp() decomposes a number into
scientific notation
labs() absolute value for long integers
ldexp()
computes a number in scientific notation
ldiv() returns the quotient
and remainder of a division, in long integer form
log() natural
logarithm
log10() natural logarithm, in base 10
modf() decomposes a
number into integer and fractional parts
pow() returns a given number
raised to another number
sin() sine
sinh() hyperbolic sine
sqrt()
square root
tan() tangent
tanh() hyperbolic tangent
标准时间/日期函数
asctime() a textual version of the time
clock() returns
the amount of time that the program has been running
ctime() returns a
specifically formatted version of the time
difftime() the difference
between two times
gmtime() returns a pointer to the current Greenwich
Mean Time
localtime() returns a pointer to the current time
mktime()
returns the calendar version of a given time
strftime() returns
individual elements of the date and time
time() returns the current
calendar time of the system
标准内存管理函数
calloc() allocates a two-dimensional chunk of
memory
free() makes memory available for future allocation
malloc()
allocates memory
realloc() changes the size of previously allocated
memory
其它标准函数
abort() stops the program
assert() stops the program if an
expression isn‘;t true
atexit() sets a function to be called when the
program exits
bsearch() perform a binary search
exit() stop the
program
getenv() get enviornment information about a
variable
longjmp() start execution at a certain point in the
program
qsort() perform a quicksort
raise() send a
signal to the program
rand() returns a pseudorandom number
setjmp()
set execution to start at a certain point
signal() register a function
as a signal handler
srand() initialize the random number
generator
system() perform a system call
va_arg() use variable
length parameter lists