原生开发移动web单页面(step by step)7——页面切换动画

在开始写页面切换效果前,首先要介绍一下css3的animation模块,在css中定义如下

div.a {
    animation: bounce 0.25s forward;
}

css3的animation定义可以声明关键名,动画时间,动画插值方式,动画的延迟以及动画完毕后的状态以及动画次数。
然后定义关键帧

@keyframes bounce {
    0% {
        transform: translate(0, 20px);
    }
    100% {
        transform: translate(0, 100px);
    }
}

这样子,就用css3定义完了一个动画。

然后通过js可以监听css3动画事件,然后控制动画,分别为animationstart, animationiteration animationend和animationcancel
animationstart事件在动画开始的时候触发
animationiteration事件在动画的时候每隔一段时间触发
animationend事件在动画结束时触发
animationcancel事件在动画未结束突然改变css导致的动画停止时触发。

现在开始设计切换模型,如下图,图一为切换页面入场动画, 图二为出场动画。


原生开发移动web单页面(step by step)7——页面切换动画
入场动画(图一)

原生开发移动web单页面(step by step)7——页面切换动画
出场动画(图二)

我们首先设置默认值,这里设置开始给全局body定义了一个app的类, 然后把改动的放置动态容器定义为app-change类, 预备的容器为app-back类, 在改变时,将动态容器和预备容器的类名为change-state类。
图一中,动态容器changeDom加入缩小隐藏page-out类, 预备容器backDom加入左移覆盖page-in类。
图二中,动态容器changeDom加入右移隐藏page-in-reverse类, 预备容器backDom加入放大覆盖page-out-reverse类。

首先现在css文件夹中新增一个app.css文件, 然后全局定义默认类别的, 如下代码

body.app {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: space-around;
    width: 100vw;
    height: 100vh;
    margin: 0;
    overflow: hidden;
}
.app-change,
.app-back {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    background: white;
}
.app-change {
    width: 100%;
    min-height: 100%;
}
.app-back {
    width: 100%;
    min-height: 100%;
    position: absolute;
    z-index: -1;
    transform: translate(100vw, 0);
    top: 0;
}
.change-state {
    overflow: hidden;
}

[data-action="page-in"],
[data-action="page-in-reverse"] {
    position: absolute;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    background: white;
    animation: page-in .25s forwards;
}
[data-action="page-in-reverse"] {
    position: absolute;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    background: white;
    animation: page-in .10s forwards;
    top: 0px;
}

[data-action="page-in"] {
    z-index: 2;
}
[data-action="page-out-reverse"] {
    z-index: -1;
}

[data-action="page-in-reverse"] {
    animation: page-in-reverse .25s forwards;
}

[data-action="page-out"] {
    animation: page-out .1s forwards ease-out;
}

[data-action="page-out-reverse"] {
    animation: page-out-reverse .25s forwards ease-out;
}
@keyframes page-in {
    0% {
        transform: translate(100vw, 0);
    }
    100% {
        transform: translate(0, 0);
    }
}

@keyframes page-in-reverse {
    0% {
        transform: translate(0, 0);
        opacity: 1;
    }
    100% {
        transform: translate(100vw, 0);
        opacity: 0.5;
    }
}

@keyframes page-out {
    0% {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: scale(1, 1);
    }
    100% {
        opacity: 0.5;
        transform: scale(0.5, 0.5);
    }
}

@keyframes page-out-reverse {
    0% {
        opacity: 0.5;
        transform: scale(0.5, 0.5);
    }
    100% {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: scale(1, 1);
    }
}

然后修改app.js文件,修改app的构造函数, 增加默认动画,以及backDom和changeDom的容器

function App(options) {
    options = options || {};
    App.extend(options, {
        appClass: "app",
        changeClass: "app-change",
        backClass: "app-back",
        changeState: "change-state",
        pageInReverse: "page-in-reverse",
        pageOutReverse: "page-out-reverse",
        pageIn: "page-in",
        pageOut: "page-out"
    });
    this.options = options;
    this.currentPage = null;
    this.staticPage = null;
    this.pageContainer = null;
    this.backDom = null;
    this.changeDom = null;
    this.routeObj = {};
}

修改initilaize的方法,这里面创建changeDom和backDom,放在布局页面中,然后将初始页放置backDom中

initialize: function (staticPage, indexPage) {
    var options = this.options;
    staticPage = this.staticPage = staticPage || App.emptyPage;
    var that = this;

    staticPage.render(function (html) {
        var body = document.body;
        body.classList.add(options.appClass);
        body.insertAdjacentHTML("afterbegin", html);
        staticPage._initialize(body);
        if (staticPage.domList.pageContainer) {
            that.pageContainer = staticPage.domList.pageContainer;
        }
        else {
            console.error("staticPage must have pageContainer");
        }
        that._createOptionDom();
        that.render(indexPage, true);

        window.addEventListener("popstate", function (ev) {
            if (ev.state && ev.state.data) {
                var url = ev.state.data;
                var page = that.routeObj[url];
                that._renderPage(page);
            }
        }, false);
    });
},

初始化中添加了_createOptionDom方法, 添加两个放置页面的容器。

_createOptionDom: function () {
    var options = this.options;
    this.changeDom = document.createElement("div");
    this.changeDom.className = options.changeClass;
    this.backDom = document.createElement("div");
    this.backDom.className = "";
    this.pageContainer.appendChild(this.changeDom);
    this.pageContainer.appendChild(this.backDom);
},

修改_renderPage方法,将更改的Page实例对象放置在backDom中,然后调用_replaceDom()方法

_renderPage: function (page) {
    if (this.currentPage) this.currentPage._dispose();
    this.currentPage = page;
    page.app = this;
    var that = this;

    document.title = page.title;
    var backDom = this.backDom;
    page.render(function (html) {
        backDom.innerHTML = html;
        that._replaceDom();
        page._initialize(backDom);
    });
},

接着开启动画,监听动画的事件, 在动画结束后和动画取消后取消动画事件的监听, 动画结束后调整布局, _replaceDom方法的代码如下

_replaceDom: function () {
    var options = this.options;
    var that = this;
    this.backDom.className = options.backClass;
    var tempDom = this.backDom;
    this.backDom = this.changeDom;
    this.changeDom = tempDom;
    this.pageContainer.classList.add(options.changeState);

    if (this.isRenderBack) {
        this.backDom.dataset.action = options.pageInReverse;
        this.changeDom.dataset.action = options.pageOutReverse;
    }
    else {
        this.backDom.dataset.action = options.pageOut;
        this.changeDom.dataset.action = options.pageIn;
    }
    this.isRenderBack = false;

    var changeDom = this.changeDom;
    var changeHandler = function (ev) {
        changeDom.className = options.changeClass;
        changeDom.dataset.action = "";
        that.backDom.dataset.action = "";
        that.backDom.className = "";
        that.backDom.innerHTML = "";
        that.pageContainer.classList.remove("options.changeState");
        changeDom.removeEventListener("animationend", changeHandler, false);
        changeDom.removeEventListener("animationcancel", cancelHandler, false);
    }
    var cancelHandler = function (ev) {
        changeDom.removeEventListener("animationend", changeHandler, false);
        changeDom.removeEventListener("animationcancel", cancelHandler, false);
    }
    changeDom.addEventListener("animationend", changeHandler, false);
    changeDom.addEventListener("animationcancel", cancelHandler, false);
}

这时候调用render会默认图1所示的动画方式,新增renderBack方法, 让页面以图2的动画方式切换,如下代码

renderBack: function (page, isBack) {
    this.isRenderBack = true;
    this.render(page, isBack);
},

定义完动画后,修改各个页面的切换页面代码,entry.js的代码如下

var entryPage = App.createPage("entry", "/serve/entry",  {
    render: function (fn) {
        this.fetch("/public/serve/html/entry.html", function (text) {
            fn(text);
        });
    },
    getDomObj: function (dom) {
        this.attachDom(".btn-group", "btnGroup", dom)
            .attachDom(".index-container", "container", dom)
            .attachSlide("container", this.startFn, this.moveFn, this.endFn)
            .attachTap("btnGroup", this.tapHandler, false);
    },
    tapHandler: function (ev) {
        var target = ev.target;
        var action = target.dataset.action;
        switch (action) {
            case "register": 
                app.renderBack(registerPage);
                break;
            case "login": 
                app.render(loginPage);
                break;
        }
    },
    startFn: function (ev) {},
    moveFn: function (ev) {},
    endFn: function (ev) {
        var speed = 1000 * ev.deltaX / ev.elapsed;
        if (speed > 200) {
            app.renderBack(registerPage);
        }
        else if (speed < -200) {
            app.render(loginPage);
        }
    }
});

login.js的代码

var loginPage = App.createPage("login", "/serve/login", {
    render: function (fn) {
        this.fetch("/public/serve/html/login.html", function (text) {
            fn(text);
        });
    },
    getDomObj: function (dom) {
        this.attachDom("[data-action='back']", "backBtn", dom)
            .attachDom(".login-form", "form", dom)
            .attachDom(".login-container", "container", dom)
            .attachSlide("container", this.startFn, this.moveFn, this.endFn)
            .attachTap("backBtn", this.tapBackHandler, false)
            .attachEvent("form", "submit", this.formSubmitHandler, false);
    },
    tapBackHandler: function (ev) {
        app.renderBack(entryPage);
    },
    formSubmitHandler: function (ev) {
        ev.preventDefault();
        var form = ev.target;
        var name = form.name.value;
        var password = form.password.value;
        app.render(goalPage);
    },
    startFn: function (ev) {},
    moveFn: function (ev) {},
    endFn: function (ev) {
        var speed = 1000 * ev.deltaX / ev.elapsed;
        if (speed > 200) {
            app.renderBack(entryPage);
        }
    }
});

regiseter的代码

    render: function (fn) {
        this.fetch("/public/serve/html/register.html", function (text) {
            fn(text);
        });
    },
    getDomObj: function (dom) {
        this.attachDom("[data-action='back']", "backBtn", dom)
            .attachDom(".register-form", "form", dom)
            .attachDom(".register-container", "container", dom)
            .attachSlide("container", this.startFn, this.moveFn, this.endFn)
            .attachTap("backBtn", this.tapBackHandler, false)
            .attachEvent("form", "submit", this.submitHandler, false);
    },
    tapBackHandler: function (ev) {
        app.render(entryPage);
    },
    submitHandler: function (ev) {
        ev.preventDefault();
        var form = ev.target;
        var name = form.name.value;
        var password = form.password.value;
        var agree = form.agree.checked;
        if (agree) {
            app.render(goalPage);
        }
    },
    startFn: function (ev) {},
    moveFn: function (ev) {},
    endFn: function (ev) {
        var speed = 1000 * ev.deltaX / ev.elapsed;
        if (speed < -200) {
            app.render(entryPage);
        }
    }
});

加入了页面切换功能后,感觉整个单页面突然高大上起来了, 通过滑动来切换页面,让web页面更像一个真正的原生app。

总结: 这里使用了css3的animation来做动画效果, 通过切换类来改变切换效果。这里也可以改变App构造函数的options,来改变符合自己的风格切换效果。 这里只是对css3的animation的初步尝试,还有非常的应用可供挖掘。虽然看起来不错,当时点击浏览器自带的前进后退(或者调用原生的history.back()和history.forward())的时候, 发现动画不统一了, 下一篇将解决这个问题。

后续更新:下一篇就是为了解决原生后退前进导致动画不统一的问题,将引入新的History对象, 让它与浏览器的history记录一一对应,然后判断选择对应的切换效果。

请用移动设备打开该案例
案例链接


原生开发移动web单页面(step by step)1——传统页面的开发
原生开发移动web单页面(step by step)2——Page对象
原生开发移动web单页面(step by step)3——App对象
原生开发移动web单页面(step by step)4——tap事件与slide事件
原生开发移动web单页面(step by step)5——nodejs服务器的搭建
原生开发移动web单页面(step by step)6——history api应用
原生开发移动web单页面(step by step)8——History对象

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