一文读懂 NanoHttpd 微型服务器原理
NanoHttpd
仅有一个Java文件的微型Http服务器实现。其方便嵌入式设备(例如:Android设备)中启动一个本地服务器,接收客户端本地部分请求;应用场景也非常广泛,例如:本地代理方式播放m3u8视频、本地代理方式加载一些加密秘钥等。
这里分三部分学习一个这个NanoHttpd:
- 了解官方对NanoHttpd描述定义
- 举例NanoHttpd在Android上的使用(Android本地代理,播放Sdcard中的m3u8视频)
- 分析源码实现
NanoHttpd GitHub地址:https://github.com/NanoHttpd/nanohttpd
一、NanoHttpd 官方描述
Tiny, easily embeddable HTTP server in Java
.
微小的,轻量级适合嵌入式设备的Java Http服务器;NanoHTTPD is a light-weight HTTP server designed for embedding in other applications, released under a Modified BSD licence
.
NanoHTTPD是一个轻量级的、为嵌入式设备应用设计的HTTP服务器,遵循修订后的BSD许可协议。
核心功能描述:
-
Only one Java file, providing HTTP 1.1 support
.
仅一个Java文件,支持Http 1.1
-
No fixed config files, logging, authorization etc. (Implement by yourself if you need them. Errors are passed to java.util.logging, though.
)
没有固定的配置文件、日志系统、授权等等(如果你有需要需自己实现。工程中的日志输出,通过java.util.logging实现的)
-
Support for HTTPS (SSL)
.
支持Https
-
Basic support for cookies
.
支持cookies
-
Supports parameter parsing of GET and POST methods
.
支持POST和GET 参数请求
-
Some built-in support for HEAD, POST and DELETE requests. You can easily implement/customize any HTTP method, though
.
内置支持HEAD、POST、DELETE请求,你可以方便的实现或自定义任何HTTP方法请求。
-
Supports file upload. Uses memory for small uploads, temp files for large ones
.
支持文件上传。小文件上传使用内存缓存,大文件使用临时文件缓存。
-
Never caches anything
.
不缓存任何内容
-
Does not limit bandwidth, request time or simultaneous connections by default
. - 默认不限制带宽、请求时间 和 最大请求量
-
All header names are converted to lower case so they don't vary between browsers/clients
.
所有Header 名都被转换为小写,因此不会因客户端或浏览器的不同而有所差别
-
Persistent connections (Connection "keep-alive") support allowing multiple requests to be served over a single socket connection
.
支持一个socket连接服务多个长连接请求。
二、NanoHttpd在Android上的使用举例
为了学习NanoHttpd,做了一个简单Demo “Android 本地代理方式播放 Sdcard中的m3u8视频”:
Android 本地代理方式播放 Sdcard中的m3u8视频
https://github.com/AndroidAppCodeDemo/Android_LocalM3u8Server
实现效果图:
注:
- Android 本地代理方式播放 Sdcard中的m3u8视频(
使用的NanoHttpd 版本为 2.3.1
)
NanoHttpd 2.3.1版本下载
https://github.com/NanoHttpd/nanohttpd/releases/tag/nanohttpd-project-2.3.1
- NanoHttpd的使用,使 “本地代理方式播放Android Sdcard中的m3u8视频” Demo实现变得很简单,这里不做具体介绍,有兴趣的朋友可以自行下载了解。
下边来主要来跟踪学习NanoHttpd的源码...
三、NanoHttpd源码跟踪学习
注:基于 NanoHttpd 2.3.1版本
NanoHttpd 2.3.1版本下载
https://github.com/NanoHttpd/nanohttpd/releases/tag/nanohttpd-project-2.3.1
NanoHTTPD大概的处理流程是:
- 开启一个服务端线程,绑定对应的端口,调用
ServerSocket.accept()
方法进入等待状态 - 每个客户端连接均开启一个线程,执行
ClientHandler.run()
方法 - 客户端线程中,创建一个
HTTPSession
会话。执行HTTPSession.execute()
-
HTTPSession.execute()
中会完成uri, method, headers, parms, files
的解析,并调用如下方法:
// 自定义服务器时,亦需要重载该方法
// 该方法传入参数中,已解析出客户端请求的所有数据,重载该方法进行相应的业务处理
HTTPSession.serve(String uri, Method method, Map<String, String> headers, Map<String, String> parms, Map<String, String> files)
- 组织Response数据,并调用
ChunkedOutputStream.send(outputStream)
返回给客户端
*建议:
对于Http request、response 数据组织形式不是很了解的同学,建议自己了解后再阅读NanoHTTPD源码。* 也可参考我的另一篇文章:
HTTP 协议详解
https://xiaxl.blog.csdn.net/article/details/104541274
3.1、NanoHTTPD.start
从服务器启动开始学习...
/**
* Start the server. 启动服务器
*
* @param timeout timeout to use for socket connections. 超时时间
* @param daemon start the thread daemon or not. 守护线程
* @throws IOException if the socket is in use.
*/
public void start(final int timeout, boolean daemon) throws IOException {
// 创建一个ServerSocket
this.myServerSocket = this.getServerSocketFactory().create();
this.myServerSocket.setReuseAddress(true);
// 创建 ServerRunnable
ServerRunnable serverRunnable = createServerRunnable(timeout);
// 启动一个线程监听客户端请求
this.myThread = new Thread(serverRunnable);
this.myThread.setDaemon(daemon);
this.myThread.setName("NanoHttpd Main Listener");
this.myThread.start();
//
while (!serverRunnable.hasBinded && serverRunnable.bindException == null) {
try {
Thread.sleep(10L);
} catch (Throwable e) {
// on android this may not be allowed, that's why we
// catch throwable the wait should be very short because we are
// just waiting for the bind of the socket
}
}
if (serverRunnable.bindException != null) {
throw serverRunnable.bindException;
}
}
从以上代码中,可以看到:
- 代码前两行,创建一个
ServerSocket
- 开启一个线程,执行
ServerRunnable
。这里其实就是服务端启动一个线程,用来监听客户端的请求,具体代码在ServerRunnable
中。
3.2、ServerRunnable.run()
@Override
public void run() {
Log.e(TAG, "---run---");
try {
// bind
myServerSocket.bind(hostname != null ? new InetSocketAddress(hostname, myPort) : new InetSocketAddress(myPort));
hasBinded = true;
} catch (IOException e) {
this.bindException = e;
return;
}
Log.e(TAG, "bind ok");
do {
try {
Log.e(TAG, "before accept");
// 等待客户端连接
final Socket finalAccept = NanoHTTPD.this.myServerSocket.accept();
// 设置超时时间
if (this.timeout > 0) {
finalAccept.setSoTimeout(this.timeout);
}
// 服务端:输入流
final InputStream inputStream = finalAccept.getInputStream();
Log.e(TAG, "asyncRunner.exec");
// 执行客户端 ClientHandler
NanoHTTPD.this.asyncRunner.exec(createClientHandler(finalAccept, inputStream));
} catch (IOException e) {
NanoHTTPD.LOG.log(Level.FINE, "Communication with the client broken", e);
}
} while (!NanoHTTPD.this.myServerSocket.isClosed());
}
ServerRunnable
的run()
方法:
- 调用
ServerSocket.bind
方法,绑定对应的端口 - 调用
ServerSocket.accept()
线程进入阻塞等待状态 - 客户端连接后,会执行
createClientHandler(finalAccept, inputStream)
创建一个ClientHandler
,并开启一个线程,执行其对应的ClientHandler.run()
方法 - 自定义服务器时,重载
Response HTTPSession.serve(uri, method, headers, parms, files)
方法,对客户端的请求数据做出处理
3.3、ClientHandler.run()
@Override
public void run() {
Log.e(TAG, "---run---");
// 服务端 输出流
OutputStream outputStream = null;
try {
// 服务端的输出流
outputStream = this.acceptSocket.getOutputStream();
// 创建临时文件
TempFileManager tempFileManager = NanoHTTPD.this.tempFileManagerFactory.create();
// session 会话
HTTPSession session = new HTTPSession(tempFileManager, this.inputStream, outputStream, this.acceptSocket.getInetAddress());
// 执行会话
while (!this.acceptSocket.isClosed()) {
session.execute();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
// When the socket is closed by the client,
// we throw our own SocketException
// to break the "keep alive" loop above. If
// the exception was anything other
// than the expected SocketException OR a
// SocketTimeoutException, print the
// stacktrace
if (!(e instanceof SocketException && "NanoHttpd Shutdown".equals(e.getMessage())) && !(e instanceof SocketTimeoutException)) {
NanoHTTPD.LOG.log(Level.SEVERE, "Communication with the client broken, or an bug in the handler code", e);
}
} finally {
safeClose(outputStream);
safeClose(this.inputStream);
safeClose(this.acceptSocket);
NanoHTTPD.this.asyncRunner.closed(this);
}
}
-
TempFileManager
临时文件是为了缓存客户端Post请求的请求Body数据(如果数据较小,内存缓存;文件较大,缓存到文件中) - 创建一个
HTTPSession
会话,并执行其对应的HTTPSession.execute()
方法 -
HTTPSession.execute()
中会对客户端的请求进行解析
3.4、HTTPSession.execute()
@Override
public void execute() throws IOException {
Log.e(TAG, "---execute---");
Response r = null;
try {
// Read the first 8192 bytes.
// The full header should fit in here.
// Apache's default header limit is 8KB.
// Do NOT assume that a single read will get the entire header
// at once!
// Apache默认header限制8k
byte[] buf = new byte[HTTPSession.BUFSIZE];
this.splitbyte = 0;
this.rlen = 0;
// 客户端输入流
int read = -1;
this.inputStream.mark(HTTPSession.BUFSIZE);
// 读取8k的数据
try {
read = this.inputStream.read(buf, 0, HTTPSession.BUFSIZE);
} catch (SSLException e) {
throw e;
} catch (IOException e) {
safeClose(this.inputStream);
safeClose(this.outputStream);
throw new SocketException("NanoHttpd Shutdown");
}
if (read == -1) {
// socket was been closed
safeClose(this.inputStream);
safeClose(this.outputStream);
throw new SocketException("NanoHttpd Shutdown");
}
// 分割header数据
while (read > 0) {
this.rlen += read;
// header
this.splitbyte = findHeaderEnd(buf, this.rlen);
// 找到header
if (this.splitbyte > 0) {
break;
}
// 8k中剩余数据
read = this.inputStream.read(buf, this.rlen, HTTPSession.BUFSIZE - this.rlen);
}
// header数据不足8k,跳过header数据
if (this.splitbyte < this.rlen) {
this.inputStream.reset();
this.inputStream.skip(this.splitbyte);
}
//
this.parms = new HashMap<String, List<String>>();
// 清空header列表
if (null == this.headers) {
this.headers = new HashMap<String, String>();
} else {
this.headers.clear();
}
// 解析 客户端请求
// Create a BufferedReader for parsing the header.
BufferedReader hin = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new ByteArrayInputStream(buf, 0, this.rlen)));
// Decode the header into parms and header java properties
Map<String, String> pre = new HashMap<String, String>();
decodeHeader(hin, pre, this.parms, this.headers);
//
if (null != this.remoteIp) {
this.headers.put("remote-addr", this.remoteIp);
this.headers.put("http-client-ip", this.remoteIp);
}
Log.e(TAG, "headers: " + headers);
this.method = Method.lookup(pre.get("method"));
if (this.method == null) {
throw new ResponseException(Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST, "BAD REQUEST: Syntax error. HTTP verb " + pre.get("method") + " unhandled.");
}
Log.e(TAG, "method: " + method);
this.uri = pre.get("uri");
Log.e(TAG, "uri: " + uri);
this.cookies = new CookieHandler(this.headers);
Log.e(TAG, "cookies: " + this.cookies.cookies);
String connection = this.headers.get("connection");
Log.e(TAG, "connection: " + connection);
boolean keepAlive = "HTTP/1.1".equals(protocolVersion) && (connection == null || !connection.matches("(?i).*close.*"));
Log.e(TAG, "keepAlive: " + keepAlive);
// Ok, now do the serve()
// TODO: long body_size = getBodySize();
// TODO: long pos_before_serve = this.inputStream.totalRead()
// (requires implementation for totalRead())
// 构造一个response
r = serve(HTTPSession.this);
// TODO: this.inputStream.skip(body_size -
// (this.inputStream.totalRead() - pos_before_serve))
if (r == null) {
throw new ResponseException(Response.Status.INTERNAL_ERROR, "SERVER INTERNAL ERROR: Serve() returned a null response.");
} else {
String acceptEncoding = this.headers.get("accept-encoding");
this.cookies.unloadQueue(r);
// method
r.setRequestMethod(this.method);
r.setGzipEncoding(useGzipWhenAccepted(r) && acceptEncoding != null && acceptEncoding.contains("gzip"));
r.setKeepAlive(keepAlive);
// 发送response
r.send(this.outputStream);
}
if (!keepAlive || r.isCloseConnection()) {
throw new SocketException("NanoHttpd Shutdown");
}
} catch (SocketException e) {
// throw it out to close socket object (finalAccept)
throw e;
} catch (SocketTimeoutException ste) {
// treat socket timeouts the same way we treat socket exceptions
// i.e. close the stream & finalAccept object by throwing the
// exception up the call stack.
throw ste;
} catch (SSLException ssle) {
Response resp = newFixedLengthResponse(Response.Status.INTERNAL_ERROR, NanoHTTPD.MIME_PLAINTEXT, "SSL PROTOCOL FAILURE: " + ssle.getMessage());
resp.send(this.outputStream);
safeClose(this.outputStream);
} catch (IOException ioe) {
Response resp = newFixedLengthResponse(Response.Status.INTERNAL_ERROR, NanoHTTPD.MIME_PLAINTEXT, "SERVER INTERNAL ERROR: IOException: " + ioe.getMessage());
resp.send(this.outputStream);
safeClose(this.outputStream);
} catch (ResponseException re) {
Response resp = newFixedLengthResponse(re.getStatus(), NanoHTTPD.MIME_PLAINTEXT, re.getMessage());
resp.send(this.outputStream);
safeClose(this.outputStream);
} finally {
safeClose(r);
this.tempFileManager.clear();
}
}
-
HTTPSession.execute()
完成了uri, method, headers, parms, files
的解析 - 完成解析后,调用
Response serve(IHTTPSession session)
方法,创建了一个Response
- 完成
Response
数据组织后,这里会调用ChunkedOutputStream.send(outputStream)
方法将数据发出去。
到这里,主要流程结束,其他细节需大家自己去用心研读源码了。我的Demo中增加了很多中文注释,可以帮助大家省下一部分力气,就这样了
相关参考
NanoHttpd GitHub
https://github.com/NanoHttpd/nanohttpd
NanoHttpd源码分析
https://www.iteye.com/blog/shensy-1880381
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文章首发于公众号”CODING技术小馆“,如果文章对您有帮助,可关注我的公众号。
文章首发于公众号”CODING技术小馆“,如果文章对您有帮助,可关注我的公众号。