文章目录
- Python 数据类型
- 数据类型整理
- - int:整数
- - float:浮点数
- - bool:布尔
- - str:字符串
- - list:列表
- - tuple:元组
- - dict:字典
- - set:集合
- - NoneType:空类型
Python 数据类型
数据类型整理
类型 |
类型名称 |
说明 |
示例 |
对应Java类型 |
int |
整数 |
整数 |
42、-7 |
byte, short, int, long |
float |
浮点数 |
小数 |
3.14、-0.001 |
float, double |
bool |
布尔 |
布尔 |
True 或 False |
boolean |
str |
字符串 |
字符串 |
“hello”、“Python 3.9” |
char, String |
list |
列表 |
可变序列 |
[1, 2, 3]、[“a”, “b”, “c”] |
Array |
tuple |
元组 |
不可变序列 |
(1, 2, 3)、(“x”, “y”) |
Array |
dict |
字典 |
键值对集合 |
{“name”: “Alice”, “age”: 30} |
Map |
set |
集合 |
不重复元素集合 |
{1, 2, 3}、{“apple”, “banana”} |
Set |
NoneType |
空类型 |
没有值或尚未初始化 |
None |
null |
- int:整数
a = 42
b = -7
print(abs(a))
print(pow(a, 2))
print(max(a, b))
print(min(a, b))
- float:浮点数
x = 3.14
y = -0.001
z = 2.0
import math
print(round(x, 1))
print(math.sqrt(16))
print(abs(y))
print(max(x, y, z))
- bool:布尔
is_valid = True
is_active = False
print(bool(1))
print(bool(0))
print(not is_valid)
- str:字符串
greeting = "hello"
name = "Python"
print(len(greeting))
print(greeting.upper())
print(greeting.lower())
print(greeting + " " + name)
print(name.replace("P", "J"))
- list:列表
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
numbers.append(6)
print(numbers)
fruits.remove("banana")
print(fruits)
numbers.sort()
print(numbers)
print(fruits[1])
- tuple:元组
coordinates = (1, 2, 3)
person = ("Alice", 30, "Engineer")
print(coordinates[0])
print(person.count("Alice"))
print(person.index(30))
- dict:字典
person = {"name": "Alice", "age": 30, "city": "New York"}
print(person["name"])
person["age"] = 31
print(person)
person["job"] = "Engineer"
print(person)
print(person.keys())
print(person.values())
print(person.get("age"))
- set:集合
fruits = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
fruits.add("orange")
print(fruits)
fruits.remove("banana")
print(fruits)
numbers.discard(3)
print(numbers)
union_set = fruits.union({"pear", "grape"})
print(union_set)
- NoneType:空类型
a = None
print(type(a))