设计模式原则——迪米特法则原则

设计模式原则

设计模式示例代码库地址:

https://gitee.com/Jasonpupil/designPatterns

迪米特法则原则:

  • 意义在于降低类之间的耦合。由于每个对象尽量减少对于其他对象的了解,因此,很容易使得系统的功能模块功能独立,相互之间不存在(或很少有)依赖关系
  • 迪米特法则还有一个英文解释是:talk only to your immediate friends(只和直接的朋友交流)
  • 什么是朋友:每个对象基本上会与其他的对象有耦合关系,当两个对象之间耦合就会成为朋友关系
  • 什么是直接朋友:出现在成员变量局部变量全局变量方法的输入输出参数中的类就是直接的朋友

模式场景:学生成绩&排名

  • 迪米特法则替换前:教师管理班级里的学生,校长通过教师获取班里的学生来统计出班级的总分、平均分和班级人数
  • 迪米特法则替换后:教师管理班级里的学生,统计出班级的总分、平均分和班级人数由教师来做,校长只需要根据班级寻找老师获取相应的信息

迪米特法则替换前示例代码:

校长类:
/**
 * @Description: 校长
 * @Author: pupil
 * @Date: 2024/06/24 下午 1:13
 */
public class Principal {

    private Teacher teacher = new Teacher("智盛", "3年1班");

    // 查询班级信息,总分数、学生人数、平均值
    public Map<String, Object> queryClazzInfo(String clazzId) {
        // 获取班级信息;学生总人数、总分、平均分
        int stuCount = clazzStudentCount();
        double totalScore = clazzTotalScore();
        double averageScore = clazzAverageScore();

        // 组装对象,实际业务开发会有对应的类
        Map<String, Object> mapObj = new HashMap<>();
        mapObj.put("班级", teacher.getClazz());
        mapObj.put("老师", teacher.getName());
        mapObj.put("学生人数", stuCount);
        mapObj.put("班级总分数", totalScore);
        mapObj.put("班级平均分", averageScore);
        return mapObj;
    }


    // 总分
    public double clazzTotalScore() {
        double totalScore = 0;
        for (Student stu : teacher.getStudents()) {
            totalScore += stu.getScore();
        }
        return totalScore;
    }

    // 平均分
    public double clazzAverageScore(){
        double totalScore = 0;
        for (Student stu : teacher.getStudents()) {
            totalScore += stu.getScore();
        }
        return totalScore / teacher.getStudents().size();
    }

    // 班级人数
    public int clazzStudentCount(){
        return teacher.getStudents().size();
    }

}

老师类:
/**
 * @Description: 教师
 * @Author: pupil
 * @Date: 2024/06/24 下午 1:14
 */
public class Teacher {

    private String name;    // 学生姓名
    private String clazz;   // 班级
    private static List<Student> students;  // 学生

    public Teacher() {
    }

    public Teacher(String name, String clazz) {
        this.name = name;
        this.clazz = clazz;
    }

    static {
        students = new ArrayList<>();
        students.add(new Student("王五", 10, 589));
        students.add(new Student("李四", 100, 256));
        students.add(new Student("小三", 23, 449));
        students.add(new Student("皮皮", 2, 665));
        students.add(new Student("蛋蛋", 15, 532));
    }


    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getClazz() {
        return clazz;
    }

    public void setClazz(String clazz) {
        this.clazz = clazz;
    }

    public static List<Student> getStudents() {
        return students;
    }

    public static void setStudents(List<Student> students) {
        Teacher.students = students;
    }
}
学生类:
/**
 * @Description: 学生
 * @Author: pupil
 * @Date: 2024/06/24 下午 1:14
 */
public class Student {

    private String name;    // 学生姓名
    private int rank;       // 考试排名(总排名)
    private double score;   // 考试分数(总分)

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(String name, int rank, double score) {
        this.name = name;
        this.rank = rank;
        this.score = score;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getRank() {
        return rank;
    }

    public void setRank(int rank) {
        this.rank = rank;
    }

    public double getScore() {
        return score;
    }

    public void setScore(double score) {
        this.score = score;
    }
}
测试类:
/**
 * @Description: 测试验证
 * @Author: pupil
 * @Date: 2024/06/24 下午 3:09
 */
public class ApiTest {

    private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ApiTest.class);

    @Test
    public void test_Principal(){
        Principal principal = new Principal();
        Map<String, Object> map = principal.queryClazzInfo("3年1班");
        logger.info("查询结果:{}", JSON.toJSONString(map));
    }
}
结果:

在这里插入图片描述

迪米特法则替换后示例代码:

校长类:
/**
 * @Description: 校长
 * @Author: pupil
 * @Date: 2024/06/24 下午 1:13
 */
public class Principal {

    private Teacher teacher = new Teacher("智盛", "3年1班");

    // 查询班级信息,总分数、学生人数、平均值
    public Map<String, Object> queryClazzInfo(String clazzId) {
        // 获取班级信息;学生总人数、总分、平均分
        int stuCount = teacher.clazzStudentCount();
        double totalScore = teacher.clazzTotalScore();
        double averageScore = teacher.clazzAverageScore();

        // 组装对象,实际业务开发会有对应的类
        Map<String, Object> mapObj = new HashMap<>();
        mapObj.put("班级", teacher.getClazz());
        mapObj.put("老师", teacher.getName());
        mapObj.put("学生人数", stuCount);
        mapObj.put("班级总分数", totalScore);
        mapObj.put("班级平均分", averageScore);
        return mapObj;
    }
}
老师类:
/**
 * @Description: 教师
 * @Author: pupil
 * @Date: 2024/06/24 下午 1:14
 */
public class Teacher {

    private String name;    // 学生姓名
    private String clazz;   // 班级
    private static List<Student> students;  // 学生

    public Teacher() {
    }

    public Teacher(String name, String clazz) {
        this.name = name;
        this.clazz = clazz;
    }

    static {
        students = new ArrayList<>();
        students.add(new Student("王五", 10, 589));
        students.add(new Student("李四", 100, 256));
        students.add(new Student("小三", 23, 449));
        students.add(new Student("皮皮", 2, 665));
        students.add(new Student("蛋蛋", 15, 532));
    }

    // 总分
    public double clazzTotalScore() {
        double totalScore = 0;
        for (Student stu : getStudents()) {
            totalScore += stu.getScore();
        }
        return totalScore;
    }

    // 平均分
    public double clazzAverageScore(){
        double totalScore = 0;
        for (Student stu : getStudents()) {
            totalScore += stu.getScore();
        }
        return totalScore / getStudents().size();
    }

    // 班级人数
    public int clazzStudentCount(){
        return getStudents().size();
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getClazz() {
        return clazz;
    }

    public void setClazz(String clazz) {
        this.clazz = clazz;
    }

    public static List<Student> getStudents() {
        return students;
    }

    public static void setStudents(List<Student> students) {
        Teacher.students = students;
    }
}
学生类:
/**
 * @Description: 学生
 * @Author: pupil
 * @Date: 2024/06/24 下午 1:14
 */
public class Student {

    private String name;    // 学生姓名
    private int rank;       // 考试排名(总排名)
    private double score;   // 考试分数(总分)

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(String name, int rank, double score) {
        this.name = name;
        this.rank = rank;
        this.score = score;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getRank() {
        return rank;
    }

    public void setRank(int rank) {
        this.rank = rank;
    }

    public double getScore() {
        return score;
    }

    public void setScore(double score) {
        this.score = score;
    }
}
测试类:
/**
 * @Description: 测试验证
 * @Author: pupil
 * @Date: 2024/06/24 下午 3:09
 */
public class ApiTest {

    private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ApiTest.class);

    @Test
    public void test_Principal(){
        Principal principal = new Principal();
        Map<String, Object> map = principal.queryClazzInfo("3年1班");
        logger.info("查询结果:{}", JSON.toJSONString(map));
    }
}
结果:

在这里插入图片描述

根据迪米特法则原则的示例类图:

在这里插入图片描述
校长类与教师类是聚合关系

教师类与学生类是聚合关系

上一篇:【深度学习】图形模型基础(6):模型优化理论


下一篇:【ARM】CCI缓存一致性整理