对象数组
- 定义 CDate 类的对象数组 CDate dt[20]
- 只能逐个引用数组元素,即每次只能引用一个对象
- 如果有特定需要,记得要初始化
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
class CDate
{
private:
int m_year, m_month, m_day;
public:
CDate(int year=1970, int month=1, int day=1);
void Display();
};
CDate::CDate(int year, int month, int day)
{
cout << "Constructor called." << endl;
m_year = year;
m_month = month;
m_day = day;
}
void CDate::Display()
{
cout << "Year: " << m_year << endl;
cout << "Month: " << m_month << endl;
cout << "Day: " << m_day << endl;
}
int main()
{
CDate array[3]=
{
CDate(2021, 1, 1),
CDate(2021, 2, 2),
};
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
array[i].Display();
}
return 0;
}
对象指针
- 存放同类对象地址的指针变量
int main()
{
CDate array[3]=
{
CDate(2021, 1, 1),
CDate(2021, 2, 2),
};
CDate *p = array;
for (; p < array + 3; p++)
{
p->Display(); //两种方式都能得到正确的结果
(*p).Display();
}
return 0;
}
综合示例
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class CDate
{
private:
int Date_Year, Date_Month, Date_Day;
public:
CDate(int y=2019, int m=1, int d=1);
CDate(const CDate& date);
void Display();
~CDate();
};
CDate::CDate(int y, int m, int d): Date_Year(y), Date_Month(m), Date_Day(d)
{
cout << "Constructor called" << endl;
}
CDate::CDate(const CDate& date)
{
cout << "Copy constructor called" << endl;
Date_Year = date.Date_Year;
Date_Month = date.Date_Month;
Date_Day = date.Date_Day+1;
}
void CDate::Display()
{
cout << Date_Year << "-" << Date_Month << "-" << Date_Day << endl;
}
CDate fun(CDate date)
{
CDate new_date(date);
return new_date;
}
CDate::~CDate()
{
cout << "Destructor called" << endl;
}
int main()
{
CDate *q = new CDate(2020, 1, 1);
cout <<"动态对象>>";
q->Display();
delete q;
q = new CDate[3];
q[0] = CDate(2019, 4, 1);
q[1] = CDate(2019, 5, 1);
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
q[i].Display();
}
delete[] q; //一定要记得释放
//注意动态数组的释放格式
return 0;
}
q[0] 和 q[1] 两处的赋值是通过生成无名对象来赋值
赋值之后有析构无名函数的步骤
对象引用
- 不再另外占用内存
- 与其代表的对象共享同一个单元
- 对象引用必须在定义时初始化
CDate DateA(2019, 3, 13);
CDate DateB(2019, 5, 1);
CDate &pDate = DateA;
void f()
{
DateA.Display();
DateB.Display();
pDate.Display();
}
int main()
{
cout<<"原始DataA、DataB、pDate的值:"<<endl;
f();
pDate = DateB;
cout<<"修改后DataA、DataB、pDate的值:" << endl;
f();
pDate =CDate(2019, 7, 1);
cout<<"修改后DataA、DataB、pDate的值:" << endl;
f();
return 0;
}
前两个 Constructor called 和后两个 Destructor called 都是由于第一、二两行的调用
对象参数
对象作为函数参数
- 用实参对象初始化形参对象
- 复制构造函数调用
- 单向值传递
void CDate::ModifyDate(int y, int m, int d)
{
Date_Year=y;
Date_Month=m;
Date_Day=d;
}
/*----------------------------------------------*/
void f(CDate DateVar)
{
DateVar.ModifyDate(2020, 2, 2);
cout << "After modification: ";
DateVar.Display();
}
int main()
{
CDate DateA;
DateA.Display();
f(DateA); //f() 退出时,生命周期结束,调用析构函数
cout << "After function call: ";
DateA.Display();
return 0;
}
对象指针作为函数参数
- 仅将对象地址传给函数参数,提高效率,读写方便
- 单向传地址
- 不产生新对象,不调用复制构造函数
void f(CDate *pdate)
{
pdate->ModifyDate(2020, 2, 2);
pdate->Display();
}
int main()
{
CDate DateA(2019);
DateA.Display();
f(&DateA);
cout << "After function call: ";
DateA.Display();
return 0;
}
没有复制构造函数的调用
f() 函数调用结束之后也没有析构函数的调用
但 f() 函数的参数必须要带 &
使用指针不仅可以访问,还可以修改实参的值
对象引用作为函数参数
- 可以使函数的调用作为左值使用
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class CDate
{
private:
int Date_Year, Date_Month, Date_Day;
public:
CDate(int y=2019, int m=1, int d=1);
void Display();
~CDate();
void ModifyDate(int y, int m, int d);
};
CDate::CDate(int y, int m, int d)
{
cout << "Constructor called" << endl;
Date_Year = y;
Date_Month = m;
Date_Day = d;
}
void CDate::Display()
{
cout << Date_Year << "-" << Date_Month << "-" << Date_Day << endl;
}
CDate::~CDate()
{
cout << "Destructor called" << endl;
}
void CDate::ModifyDate(int y, int m, int d)
{
Date_Year=y;
Date_Month=m;
Date_Day=d;
}
CDate &fun(CDate &pdate)
{
pdate.ModifyDate(2020, 2, 2);
cout << "引用pdata>>";
pdate.Display();
return pdate;
}
int main()
{
CDate DateA(2019),tdate;
cout << "起始DateA>>";
DateA.Display();
cout << "起始tdate>>";
tdate.Display();
cout<<endl;
tdate = fun(DateA);
cout << "修改后DateA>>";
DateA.Display();
cout << "修改后tdate>>";
tdate.Display();
cout<<endl;
fun(tdate) = CDate(2021, 2, 2);
cout << "左修改后DateA>>";
DateA.Display();
cout << "左修改后tdate>>";
tdate.Display();
cout<<endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}