Netty线程模型
Netty实现了Reactor线程模型，有四个部分：
- resources：资源，任务，就是客户端的请求
- 同步事件复用器：事件轮询，boss线程的selector轮询获取客户端的事件
- dispatcher：分配器，boss线程会把客户端的请求分配给worker中的线程，进行I/O处理
- 请求处理器，处理客户端的I/O请求
代码示例
static final int PORT = Integer.parseInt(System.getProperty("port", "8099"));
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建EventLoopGroup
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
final EchoServerHandler handler = new EchoServerHandler();
try {
//创建启动器
ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
//配置启动器
bootstrap.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 100)
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
ChannelPipeline p = socketChannel.pipeline();
p.addLast(handler);
}
});
//绑定端口，启动
ChannelFuture f = bootstrap.bind(PORT).sync();
//关闭启动器
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
NioEventLoopGroup初始化过程
第一步：
先new一个NioEventLoopGroup
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup()
第二步：
初始化的时候进入NioEventLoopGroup的构造方法：
public NioEventLoopGroup() {
this(0);
}
public NioEventLoopGroup(int nThreads) {
this(nThreads, (Executor)null);
}
public NioEventLoopGroup(int nThreads, Executor executor) {
this(nThreads, executor, SelectorProvider.provider());
}
public NioEventLoopGroup(int nThreads, Executor executor, SelectorProvider selectorProvider) {
this(nThreads, executor, selectorProvider, DefaultSelectStrategyFactory.INSTANCE);
}
public NioEventLoopGroup(int nThreads, Executor executor, SelectorProvider selectorProvider, SelectStrategyFactory selectStrategyFactory) {
super(nThreads, executor, new Object[]{selectorProvider, selectStrategyFactory, RejectedExecutionHandlers.reject()});
}
看上面代码最后一个方法：
nThreads：要创建的线程数量，如果使用的是无参构造函数，nThreads值为0，如果使用的是有参构造函数，nThreads的值为传入的值
Executor ：可以自己定义，如果自己定义了，后面就不会进行初始化了，如果没有定义，默认是null，会在后面进行初始化
SelectorProvider ：通过SelectorProvider.provider()创建；SelectorProvider就是为了创建DatagramChannel，Pipe，Selector，ServerSocketChannel，SocketChannel，System.inheritedChannel()等
selectStrategyFactory： DefaultSelectStrategyFactory.INSTANCE，选择策略工厂
RejectedExecutionHandlers.reject()：线程池的拒绝策略，当向线程池中添加任务时，如果线程池任务已经满了，就会执行拒绝策略
第三步：
进入MultithreadEventLoopGroup类
这个是上一步父类的构造方法，可以看到selectorProvider, selectStrategyFactory, RejectedExecutionHandlers.reject()都放到了Object... args这个数组中了。
这个构造方法干了一件事，如果前面传过来的nThreads是0，就使用默认的DEFAULT_EVENT_LOOP_THREADS，这个值是CPU的核数的2倍，如果前面传过来的nThreads不为0，就使用传过来的线程数量。
protected MultithreadEventLoopGroup(int nThreads, Executor executor, Object... args) {
super(nThreads == 0 ? DEFAULT_EVENT_LOOP_THREADS : nThreads, executor, args);
}
第四步：
进入MultithreadEventExecutorGroup类
DefaultEventExecutorChooserFactory.INSTANCE，是事件执行选择工厂，是通过new DefaultEventExecutorChooserFactory() 创建出来的对象
protected MultithreadEventExecutorGroup(int nThreads, Executor executor, Object... args) {
this(nThreads, executor, DefaultEventExecutorChooserFactory.INSTANCE, args);
}
接着会进入下面的方法，由于这部分代码比较长，下面源码删除了一部分：
protected MultithreadEventExecutorGroup(int nThreads, Executor executor, EventExecutorChooserFactory chooserFactory, Object... args) {
this.terminatedChildren = new AtomicInteger();
this.terminationFuture = new DefaultPromise(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE);
if (nThreads <= 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("nThreads: %d (expected: > 0)", nThreads));
} else {
if (executor == null) {
executor = new ThreadPerTaskExecutor(this.newDefaultThreadFactory());
}
this.children = new EventExecutor[nThreads];
int j;
for(int i = 0; i < nThreads; ++i) {
boolean success = false;
boolean var18 = false;
try {
var18 = true;
this.children[i] = this.newChild((Executor)executor, args);
success = true;
var18 = false;
} catch (Exception var19) {
throw new IllegalStateException("failed to create a child event loop", var19);
} finally {
}
this.chooser = chooserFactory.newChooser(this.children);
}
}
this.newDefaultThreadFactory()会创建一个线程工厂，它的作用就是用来创建线程的；
new ThreadPerTaskExecutor会创建一个线程执行器；
this.children = new EventExecutor[nThreads];创建一个数组children，指定大小为nThreads，这个数组里就是一个个线程，即存放NioEventLoop的；
this.children[i] = this.newChild((Executor)executor, args);通过循环的方式，创建NioEventLoop；
this.chooser = chooserFactory.newChooser(this.children);创建一个线程执行器的选择器
1：newDefaultThreadFactory
protected ThreadFactory newDefaultThreadFactory() {
return new DefaultThreadFactory(this.getClass());
}
newDefaultThreadFactory实现了ThreadFactory接口，当调用ThreadFactory的new Thread()时，就会创建一个线程，然后会给线程起名字，NioEventLoop-x-x，第一个x代表的意思是哪个线程组，如bossGroup、workerGroup，第二个x代表的意思是当前线程组下面线程的序号。
2：ThreadPerTaskExecutor
public ThreadPerTaskExecutor(ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
if (threadFactory == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("threadFactory");
} else {
this.threadFactory = threadFactory;
}
}
public void execute(Runnable command) {
this.threadFactory.newThread(command).start();
}
ThreadPerTaskExecutor实现了Executor接口，当调用它的execute方法时，会创建一个线程并且启动，在每一个NioEventLoop，只会创建一个线程。
3：创建一个个的NioEventLoop
private final EventExecutor[] children;
private final EventExecutorChooser chooser;
this.children = new EventExecutor[nThreads];
int j;
for(int i = 0; i < nThreads; ++i) {
boolean success = false;
boolean var18 = false;
try {
var18 = true;
this.children[i] = this.newChild((Executor)executor, args);
success = true;
var18 = false;
} catch (Exception var19) {
throw new IllegalStateException("failed to create a child event loop", var19);
} finally {
}
this.chooser = chooserFactory.newChooser(this.children);
}
先创建了一个EventExecutor数组，数组的大小就是传入的nThreads值，数组里面就是一个个的NioEventLoop，创建完数组之后，需要对数组中每一个NioEventLoop进行初始化：
protected EventLoop newChild(Executor executor, Object... args) throws Exception {
return new NioEventLoop(this, executor, (SelectorProvider)args[0], ((SelectStrategyFactory)args[1]).newSelectStrategy(), (RejectedExecutionHandler)args[2]);
}
newChild方法是NioEventLoopGroup中的，返回的是NioEventLoop，return中再次调用了NioEventLoop的构造方法：
NioEventLoop(NioEventLoopGroup parent, Executor executor, SelectorProvider selectorProvider, SelectStrategy strategy, RejectedExecutionHandler rejectedExecutionHandler) {
super(parent, executor, false, DEFAULT_MAX_PENDING_TASKS, rejectedExecutionHandler);
if (selectorProvider == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("selectorProvider");
} else if (strategy == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("selectStrategy");
} else {
this.provider = selectorProvider;
NioEventLoop.SelectorTuple selectorTuple = this.openSelector();
this.selector = selectorTuple.selector;
this.unwrappedSelector = selectorTuple.unwrappedSelector;
this.selectStrategy = strategy;
}
}
selectorTuple.selector会创建一个netty改造后的selector，即多路复用选择器
再次调用它的父类，跟踪进去看到：
protected SingleThreadEventLoop(EventLoopGroup parent, Executor executor, boolean addTaskWakesUp, int maxPendingTasks, RejectedExecutionHandler rejectedExecutionHandler) {
super(parent, executor, addTaskWakesUp, maxPendingTasks, rejectedExecutionHandler);
this.tailTasks = this.newTaskQueue(maxPendingTasks);
}
再进入SingleThreadEventExecutor：
protected SingleThreadEventExecutor(EventExecutorGroup parent, Executor executor, boolean addTaskWakesUp, int maxPendingTasks, RejectedExecutionHandler rejectedHandler) {
super(parent);
this.threadLock = new Semaphore(0);
this.shutdownHooks = new LinkedHashSet();
this.state = 1;
this.terminationFuture = new DefaultPromise(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE);
this.addTaskWakesUp = addTaskWakesUp;
this.maxPendingTasks = Math.max(16, maxPendingTasks);
this.executor = (Executor)ObjectUtil.checkNotNull(executor, "executor");
this.taskQueue = this.newTaskQueue(this.maxPendingTasks);
this.rejectedExecutionHandler = (RejectedExecutionHandler)ObjectUtil.checkNotNull(rejectedHandler, "rejectedHandler");
}
上面创建了两个队列tailTasks和taskQueue，taskQueue是用来存放任务的队列，tailTasks是用来存放收尾工作的队列
4：chooserFactory.newChooser(this.children)
线程执行器的选择器，NioEventLoopGroup中有一组NioEventLoop，即有一组线程，当有客户端的连接过来时，需要对它进行I/O操作，但是具体是哪一个线程去操作呢，线程执行器的选择器就是做这个活的：
轮询，当有一个客户端过来了，先取出线程组中的第一个线程，又一个客户端过来了，再取线程组中的第二个线程。每来一个客户端 channel，先获取计数器的值，然后用计数器的值对数组取模，然后再将计数器加一，当线程数是 2 的整数次方时，netty 就用位运算的方式来进行取模运算；当线程数不是 2 的整数次方时，netty 就使用取模的方式去计算。
看下整体的类图：
步骤总结：
1：先走构造函数，确定线程的数量，未指定默认是CPU核数*2
3：构建线程执行器，初始化线程执行器
4：创建一个个EventLoop线程
5：创建Selector选择器
6：创建taskQueue队列
NioEventLoopGroup启动过程
NioEventLoopGroup的启动，其实就是NioEventLoopGroup中的线程启动，也就是NioEventLoop的启动，NioEventLoop启动有两种方式：服务端启动会触发NioEventLoop启动，客户端连接过来也会触发NioEventLoop启动，下面以服务端启动为例。
public ChannelFuture register(Channel channel) {
return this.next().register(channel);
}
next是chooser的一个方法，返回一个NioEventLoop，然后调用注册方法
继续跟踪代码：
public ChannelFuture register(Channel channel) {
return this.register((ChannelPromise)(new DefaultChannelPromise(channel, this)));
}
eventLoop.execute(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
AbstractUnsafe.this.register0(promise);
}
});
public void execute(Runnable task) {
if (task == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("task");
} else {
//判断当前线程是不是EventLoop线程
boolean inEventLoop = this.inEventLoop();
//把任务添加到队列
this.addTask(task);
if (!inEventLoop) {
//启动线程
this.startThread();
if (this.isShutdown()) {
boolean reject = false;
try {
if (this.removeTask(task)) {
reject = true;
}
} catch (UnsupportedOperationException var5) {
}
if (reject) {
reject();
}
}
}
if (!this.addTaskWakesUp && this.wakesUpForTask(task)) {
this.wakeup(inEventLoop);
}
}
}
启动服务端后，启动的是main线程，所以会进入下面的方法
private void startThread() {
if (this.state == 1 && STATE_UPDATER.compareAndSet(this, 1, 2)) {
try {
this.doStartThread();
} catch (Throwable var2) {
STATE_UPDATER.set(this, 1);
PlatformDependent.throwException(var2);
}
}
}
private void doStartThread() {
assert this.thread == null;
this.executor.execute(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
SingleThreadEventExecutor.this.thread = Thread.currentThread();
if (SingleThreadEventExecutor.this.interrupted) {
SingleThreadEventExecutor.this.thread.interrupt();
}
boolean success = false;
SingleThreadEventExecutor.this.updateLastExecutionTime();
boolean var112 = false;
int oldState;
label1907: {
try {
var112 = true;
//启动NioEventLoop
SingleThreadEventExecutor.this.run();
success = true;
var112 = false;
break label1907;
} catch (Throwable var119) {
} finally {
}
}
});
}
步骤总结：
1：execute请求执行任务
2：addTask，把任务加入到任务队列
3：判断是不是当前的EventLoop调用
4：startThread和doStartThread，启动一个线程，调用executor.execute
channel的初始化过程
以服务端的channel为例：
首先需要知道channel的类型为NioServerSocketChannel
bootstrap.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 100)
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
ChannelPipeline p = socketChannel.pipeline();
p.addLast(handler);
}
});
跟踪下一步会进入AbstractBootstrap的channel方法：
public B channel(Class<? extends C> channelClass) {
if (channelClass == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("channelClass");
} else {
return this.channelFactory((io.netty.channel.ChannelFactory)(new ReflectiveChannelFactory(channelClass)));
}
}
创建了一个ReflectiveChannelFactory，并且赋值给了channelFactory，ReflectiveChannelFactory是用来生产channel的工厂。
@Deprecated
public B channelFactory(ChannelFactory<? extends C> channelFactory) {
if (channelFactory == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("channelFactory");
} else if (this.channelFactory != null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("channelFactory set already");
} else {
this.channelFactory = channelFactory;
return this.self();
}
}
下面是服务端绑定端口跟踪到的源码：
它主要是初始化channel，还有端口的绑定
private ChannelFuture doBind(final SocketAddress localAddress) {
final ChannelFuture regFuture = this.initAndRegister();
final Channel channel = regFuture.channel();
if (regFuture.cause() != null) {
return regFuture;
} else if (regFuture.isDone()) {
ChannelPromise promise = channel.newPromise();
doBind0(regFuture, channel, localAddress, promise);
return promise;
} else {
final AbstractBootstrap.PendingRegistrationPromise promise = new AbstractBootstrap.PendingRegistrationPromise(channel);
regFuture.addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {
Throwable cause = future.cause();
if (cause != null) {
promise.setFailure(cause);
} else {
promise.registered();
AbstractBootstrap.doBind0(regFuture, channel, localAddress, promise);
}
}
});
return promise;
}
}
看下initAndRegister方法：
这个方法用来初始化channel和把channel注册到selector上
final ChannelFuture initAndRegister() {
Channel channel = null;
try {
//实例化channel
channel = this.channelFactory.newChannel();
//调用初始化方法
this.init(channel);
} catch (Throwable var3) {
if (channel != null) {
channel.unsafe().closeForcibly();
return (new DefaultChannelPromise(channel, GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE)).setFailure(var3);
}
return (new DefaultChannelPromise(new FailedChannel(), GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE)).setFailure(var3);
}
//调用register方法，将channel注册到selector
ChannelFuture regFuture = this.config().group().register(channel);
if (regFuture.cause() != null) {
if (channel.isRegistered()) {
channel.close();
} else {
channel.unsafe().closeForcibly();
}
}
return regFuture;
}
进入newChannel，会再次调用constructor.newInstance()
public T newChannel() {
try {
return (Channel)this.constructor.newInstance();
} catch (Throwable var2) {
throw new ChannelException("Unable to create Channel from class " + this.constructor.getDeclaringClass(), var2);
}
}
通过这个调用，会调用到NioServerSocketChannel的无参构造函数：
public NioServerSocketChannel() {
this(newSocket(DEFAULT_SELECTOR_PROVIDER));
}
然后调用了newSocket：
private static java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel newSocket(SelectorProvider provider) {
try {
return provider.openServerSocketChannel();
} catch (IOException var2) {
throw new ChannelException("Failed to open a server socket.", var2);
}
}
最后一直跟踪到父类的方法：
protected AbstractNioChannel(Channel parent, SelectableChannel ch, int readInterestOp) {
super(parent);
this.ch = ch;
this.readInterestOp = readInterestOp;
try {
//设置为非阻塞模式
ch.configureBlocking(false);
} catch (IOException var7) {
try {
ch.close();
} catch (IOException var6) {
if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
logger.warn("Failed to close a partially initialized socket.", var6);
}
}
throw new ChannelException("Failed to enter non-blocking mode.", var7);
}
}
上面的代码看着就有些熟悉了，注册事件，设置为非阻塞模式。