原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/linJie1930906722/p/6036714.html
在做数据统计的时候，行转列，列转行是经常碰到的问题。case when方式太麻烦了，而且可扩展性不强，可以使用 PIVOT，UNPIVOT比较快速实现行转列，列转行，而且可扩展性强
一、行转列
1、测试数据准备
CREATE TABLE [StudentScores]
(
[UserName] NVARCHAR(20), --学生姓名
[Subject] NVARCHAR(30), --科目
[Score] FLOAT, --成绩
) INSERT INTO [StudentScores] SELECT '张三', '语文', 80
INSERT INTO [StudentScores] SELECT '张三', '数学', 90
INSERT INTO [StudentScores] SELECT '张三', '英语', 70
INSERT INTO [StudentScores] SELECT '张三', '生物', 85
INSERT INTO [StudentScores] SELECT '李四', '语文', 80
INSERT INTO [StudentScores] SELECT '李四', '数学', 92
INSERT INTO [StudentScores] SELECT '李四', '英语', 76
INSERT INTO [StudentScores] SELECT '李四', '生物', 88
INSERT INTO [StudentScores] SELECT '码农', '语文', 60
INSERT INTO [StudentScores] SELECT '码农', '数学', 82
INSERT INTO [StudentScores] SELECT '码农', '英语', 96
INSERT INTO [StudentScores] SELECT '码农', '生物', 78
2、行转列sql
SELECT * FROM [StudentScores] /*数据源*/
AS P
PIVOT
(
SUM(Score/*行转列后 列的值*/) FOR
p.Subject/*需要行转列的列*/ IN ([语文],[数学],[英语],[生物]/*列的值*/)
) AS T
执行结果：
二、列转行
1、测试数据准备
CREATE TABLE ProgrectDetail
(
ProgrectName NVARCHAR(20), --工程名称
OverseaSupply INT, --海外供应商供给数量
NativeSupply INT, --国内供应商供给数量
SouthSupply INT, --南方供应商供给数量
NorthSupply INT --北方供应商供给数量
) INSERT INTO ProgrectDetail
SELECT 'A', 100, 200, 50, 50
UNION ALL
SELECT 'B', 200, 300, 150, 150
UNION ALL
SELECT 'C', 159, 400, 20, 320
UNION ALL
2、列转行的sql
SELECT P.ProgrectName,P.Supplier,P.SupplyNum
FROM
(
SELECT ProgrectName, OverseaSupply, NativeSupply,
SouthSupply, NorthSupply
FROM ProgrectDetail
)T
UNPIVOT
(
SupplyNum FOR Supplier IN
(OverseaSupply, NativeSupply, SouthSupply, NorthSupply )
) P
执行结果：