Python爬虫案例：爬取携程评论

2023-08-19 14:16:28

前言

之前爬取美团，马蜂窝等网站的数据都挺顺利，大众点评（这个反爬机制有点麻烦）在磕磕绊绊中也算成功（重点是网页页数的变化和关键字的隐藏替换）但携程居然遇到了瓶颈。

主要是查看源代码时发现关键商户信息根本就找不到，就很奇怪。对于关键信息评论发现翻页时网页的url不变，网上查了一下说是使用是动态的网址进行建构的，Ajax页面加载，那么通用的request.get()就不能用了，所以采取模拟浏览器进行数据爬取。

为什么选取龟峰呢？因为正好才从龟峰回来，这几乎是去过的人最少的5A级景区，大胆猜测数据可能没有那么多（相比去的其他地方而言）而且去的时候惊喜的给免了门票，所以用这个来测试。

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第一步：打开网页

可能需要登录后才能查看评价

查看网页源代码

可以看到无法加载出关键评论信息

F12查看评论的具体代码，如下图找到评论列表，找到url和request payload

至此已经获取了网址最重要的内容

直接上完整代码

import requests
import json
import time
import csv
import re

c=open(r'D:\guifeng.csv','a+',newline='',encoding='utf-8')
fieldnames=['user','time','score','content']
writer=csv.DictWriter(c,fieldnames=fieldnames)
writer.writeheader()

head = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:56.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/56.0'}

postUrl = "https://sec-m.ctrip.com/restapi/soa2/12530/json/viewCommentList"

data_1 = {
    "pageid": "290510",
    "viewid": "127481",
    "tagid": "-11",
    "pagenum": "1",
    "pagesize": "10",
    "contentType": "json",
    "SortType": "1",
    "head": {
        "appid": "100013776",
        "cid": "09031010311083118856",
        "ctok": "",
        "cver": "1.0",
        "lang": "01",
        "sid": "8888",
        "syscode": "09",
        "auth": "",
        "extension": [
            {
                "name": "protocal",
                "value": "https"
            }
        ]
    },
    "ver": "7.10.3.0319180000"
}

html = requests.post(postUrl, data=json.dumps(data_1)).text
html = json.loads(html)
jingqu =  '龟峰'
pages = html['data']['totalpage']
datas = []
for j in range(pages):
    data1 = {
        "pageid": "290510",
        "viewid": "127481",
        "tagid": "-11",
        "pagenum": str(j + 1),
        "pagesize": "10",
        "contentType": "json",
        "SortType": "1",
        "head": {
            "appid": "100013776",
            "cid": "09031010311083118856",
            "ctok": "",
            "cver": "1.0",
            "lang": "01",
            "sid": "8888",
            "syscode": "09",
            "auth": "",
            "extension": [
                {
                    "name": "protocal",
                    "value": "https"
            }
            ]
        },
        "ver": "7.10.3.0319180000"
    }
    datas.append(data1)

for k in datas[:50]:
    print('正在抓取第' + k['pagenum'] + "页")
    time.sleep(3)
    html1 = requests.post(postUrl, data=json.dumps(k)).text
    html1 = json.loads(html1)
    comments = html1['data']['comments']

    for i in comments:
        user = i['uid']
        time1 = i['date']
        score = i['score']
        content = i['content']
        content = re.sub(" ", "", content)
        content = re.sub("
", "", content)


        writer.writerow({'user': user,'time':time1,'score': score,'content':content})
c.close()

即

按F5直接运行得出文件（自动存储在D盘里）

右键以记事本打开（如果使用excel需要先另存为否则初次打开会是乱码）

关键步骤解读

postUrl = "https://sec-m.ctrip.com/restapi/soa2/12530/json/viewCommentList"

这个网址是评论的通用网址不需要改动

可以改动的地方为：

c=open(r'D:\guifeng.csv','a+',newline='',encoding='utf-8')

存储的路径可以自定义，这里我直接用的是D盘

data_1 = {
    "pageid": "290510",
    "viewid": "127481",
    "tagid": "-11",
    "pagenum": "1",
    "pagesize": "10",
    "contentType": "json",
    "SortType": "1",
    "head": {
        "appid": "100013776",
        "cid": "09031010311083118856",
        "ctok": "",
        "cver": "1.0",
        "lang": "01",
        "sid": "8888",
        "syscode": "09",
        "auth": "",
        "extension": [
            {
                "name": "protocal",
                "value": "https"
            }
        ]
    },
    "ver": "7.10.3.0319180000"
}

具体数据就是如下图需爬取网页评论代码里红圈的部分

同样的这个也是

  data1 = {
        "pageid": "290510",
        "viewid": "127481",
        "tagid": "-11",
        "pagenum": str(j + 1),
        "pagesize": "10",
        "contentType": "json",
        "SortType": "1",
        "head": {
            "appid": "100013776",
            "cid": "09031010311083118856",
            "ctok": "",
            "cver": "1.0",
            "lang": "01",
            "sid": "8888",
            "syscode": "09",
            "auth": "",
            "extension": [
                {
                    "name": "protocal",
                    "value": "https"
            }
            ]
        },
        "ver": "7.10.3.0319180000"
    }
    datas.append(data1)

注意：

 "pagenum": str(j + 1),

这一步不可更改

最后

for k in datas[:50]:
    print('正在抓取第' + k['pagenum'] + "页")
    time.sleep(3)

这里的爬取的页数50是可以更改的

时间间隔3也是可以更改的

至此可以成功爬取携程上任意一家的评论，yes！！！

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作者：一千口水牛

码农公寓

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