hal体系结构与设计思想
hal在Android 架构中的位置
HAL设计思想
- 为什么需要HAL
- 传统的linux对硬件的操作基本上在内核空间的linux驱动程序中实现了，那么现在为什么那么多此一举把对硬件的操作分为两部分，hal和linux驱动呢?
谷歌搭好了hal的框架，为上层framework打通过jni调用hal提供了统一的api，硬件开发商或者移植人员只需要按照框架开发即可，无需话费精力在与上层的交互上的实现上，将精力放在hal层本身的实现上即可。 - 从商业角度，许多硬件厂商不愿意将自己硬件相关一些核心的东西开源出去，假如将对自己硬件的驱动程序全部放入内核空间驱动程序实现，那么必须遵循GPL协议，是必需开源的。有了HAL层之后，他们可以把一些核心的算法之类的东西的实现放在HAL层，而hal层位于用户空间，
不属于linux内核，和android源码一样遵循的是
appache协议，这个是可以开源或者不开的。
- HAL的实现思路
- 半针对每种硬件实现HAL接口代码，上层应用通过动态库加载的方式，调用HAL层接口代码，实现与硬件通讯功能
- 半伸用C语言的结构体继承的技巧，来实现面向对象语言中继承的概念。
hal实现的方法
- 代码主要路径
/hardware/libhardware/include/hardware/hardware.h/
/hardware/libhardware/hardware.c
-
关键的数据变量和结构体
struct hw_module_t
typedef struct hw_module_t {
/** tag must be initialized to HARDWARE_MODULE_TAG */
uint32_t tag;
/**
* The API version of the implemented module. The module owner is
* responsible for updating the version when a module interface has
* changed.
*
* The derived modules such as gralloc and audio own and manage this field.
* The module user must interpret the version field to decide whether or
* not to inter-operate with the supplied module implementation.
* For example, SurfaceFlinger is responsible for making sure that
* it knows how to manage different versions of the gralloc-module API,
* and AudioFlinger must know how to do the same for audio-module API.
*
* The module API version should include a major and a minor component.
* For example, version 1.0 could be represented as 0x0100. This format
* implies that versions 0x0100-0x01ff are all API-compatible.
*
* In the future, libhardware will expose a hw_get_module_version()
* (or equivalent) function that will take minimum/maximum supported
* versions as arguments and would be able to reject modules with
* versions outside of the supplied range.
*/
uint16_t module_api_version;
#define version_major module_api_version
/**
* version_major/version_minor defines are supplied here for temporary
* source code compatibility. They will be removed in the next version.
* ALL clients must convert to the new version format.
*/
/**
* The API version of the HAL module interface. This is meant to
* version the hw_module_t, hw_module_methods_t, and hw_device_t
* structures and definitions.
*
* The HAL interface owns this field. Module users/implementations
* must NOT rely on this value for version information.
*
* Presently, 0 is the only valid value.
*/
uint16_t hal_api_version;
#define version_minor hal_api_version
/** Identifier of module */
const char *id;
/** Name of this module */
const char *name;
/** Author/owner/implementor of the module */
const char *author;
/** Modules methods */
struct hw_module_methods_t* methods;
/** module's dso */
void* dso;
#ifdef __LP64__
uint64_t reserved[32-7];
#else
/** padding to 128 bytes, reserved for future use */
uint32_t reserved[32-7];
#endif
}
主要属性:
char* id
struct hw_module_methods_t
char* name
-
关键的结构体
struct hw_module_methods_t
typedef struct hw_module_methods_t {
/** Open a specific device */
int (*open)(const struct hw_module_t* module, const char* id,
struct hw_device_t** device);
}
主要属性:
int (*open) (const struct hw_module_t* module , const char* id, struct hw_device_t** device);
-
关键的结构体
struct hw_device_t
typedef struct hw_device_t {
/** tag must be initialized to HARDWARE_DEVICE_TAG */
uint32_t tag;
/**
* Version of the module-specific device API. This value is used by
* the derived-module user to manage different device implementations.
*
* The module user is responsible for checking the module_api_version
* and device version fields to ensure that the user is capable of
* communicating with the specific module implementation.
*
* One module can support multiple devices with different versions. This
* can be useful when a device interface changes in an incompatible way
* but it is still necessary to support older implementations at the same
* time. One such example is the Camera 2.0 API.
*
* This field is interpreted by the module user and is ignored by the
* HAL interface itself.
*/
uint32_t version;
/** reference to the module this device belongs to */
struct hw_module_t* module;
/** padding reserved for future use */
#ifdef __LP64__
uint64_t reserved[12];
#else
uint32_t reserved[12];
#endif
/** Close this device */
int (*close)(struct hw_device_t* device);
}
主要属性:
int (*close)(struct hw_device_t* device);