微信公众平台java开发具体解释(project代码+解析)

说明:

本次的教程主要是对微信公众平台开发人员模式的解说,网络上非常多类似文章,但非常多都让初学微信开发的人一头雾水,所以总结自己的微信开发经验,将微信开发的整个过程系统的列出,并对主要代码进行解说分析,让刚開始学习的人尽快上手。



在阅读本文之前,应对微信公众平台的官方开发文档有所了解,知道接收和发送的都是xml格式的数据。另外,在做内容回复时用到了图灵机器人的api接口,这是一个自然语言解析的开放平台,能够帮我们解决整个微信开发过程中最困难的问题,此处不多讲,以下会有其具体的调用方式。

1.1 在登录微信官方平台之后,开启开发人员模式,此时须要我们填写url和token,所谓url就是我们自己server的接口,用WechatServlet.java来实现,相关解释已经在凝视中说明,代码例如以下:

package demo.servlet;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream; import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import demo.process.WechatProcess;
/**
* 微信服务端收发消息接口
*
* @author pamchen-1
*
*/
public class WechatServlet extends HttpServlet { /**
* The doGet method of the servlet. <br>
*
* This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to get.
*
* @param request
* the request send by the client to the server
* @param response
* the response send by the server to the client
* @throws ServletException
* if an error occurred
* @throws IOException
* if an error occurred
*/
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); /** 读取接收到的xml消息 */
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
InputStream is = request.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8");
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
String s = "";
while ((s = br.readLine()) != null) {
sb.append(s);
}
String xml = sb.toString(); //次即为接收到微信端发送过来的xml数据 String result = "";
/** 推断是否是微信接入激活验证,仅仅有首次接入验证时才会收到echostr參数,此时须要把它直接返回 */
String echostr = request.getParameter("echostr");
if (echostr != null && echostr.length() > 1) {
result = echostr;
} else {
//正常的微信处理流程
result = new WechatProcess().processWechatMag(xml);
} try {
OutputStream os = response.getOutputStream();
os.write(result.getBytes("UTF-8"));
os.flush();
os.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} /**
* The doPost method of the servlet. <br>
*
* This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to
* post.
*
* @param request
* the request send by the client to the server
* @param response
* the response send by the server to the client
* @throws ServletException
* if an error occurred
* @throws IOException
* if an error occurred
*/
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
} }

1.2 对应的web.xml配置信息例如以下,在生成WechatServlet.java的同一时候,可自己主动生成web.xml中的配置。前面所提到的url处能够填写比如:http;//server地址/项目名/wechat.do

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
<servlet>
<description>This is the description of my J2EE component</description>
<display-name>This is the display name of my J2EE component</display-name>
<servlet-name>WechatServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>demo.servlet.WechatServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet> <servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>WechatServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/wechat.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

1.3 通过以上代码,我们已经实现了微信公众平台开发的框架,即开通开发人员模式并成功接入、接收消息和发送消息这三个步骤。

以下就解说其核心部分——解析接收到的xml数据,并以文本类消息为例,通过图灵机器人api接口实现智能回复。





2.1 首先看一下总体流程处理代码,包含:xml数据处理、调用图灵api、封装返回的xml数据。

package demo.process;

import java.util.Date;

import demo.entity.ReceiveXmlEntity;

/**
* 微信xml消息处理流程逻辑类
* @author pamchen-1
*
*/
public class WechatProcess {
/**
* 解析处理xml、获取智能回复结果(通过图灵机器人api接口)
* @param xml 接收到的微信数据
* @return 终于的解析结果(xml格式数据)
*/
public String processWechatMag(String xml){
/** 解析xml数据 */
ReceiveXmlEntity xmlEntity = new ReceiveXmlProcess().getMsgEntity(xml); /** 以文本消息为例,调用图灵机器人api接口,获取回复内容 */
String result = "";
if("text".endsWith(xmlEntity.getMsgType())){
result = new TulingApiProcess().getTulingResult(xmlEntity.getContent());
} /** 此时,假设用户输入的是“你好”,在经过上面的过程之后,result为“你也好”相似的内容
* 由于终于回复给微信的也是xml格式的数据,全部须要将其封装为文本类型返回消息
* */
result = new FormatXmlProcess().formatXmlAnswer(xmlEntity.getFromUserName(), xmlEntity.getToUserName(), result); return result;
}
}

2.2 解析接收到的xml数据,此处有两个类,ReceiveXmlEntity.java和ReceiveXmlProcess.java,通过反射的机制动态调用实体类中的set方法,能够避免非常多反复的推断,提高代码效率,代码例如以下:

package demo.entity;
/**
* 接收到的微信xml实体类
* @author pamchen-1
*
*/
public class ReceiveXmlEntity {
private String ToUserName="";
private String FromUserName="";
private String CreateTime="";
private String MsgType="";
private String MsgId="";
private String Event="";
private String EventKey="";
private String Ticket="";
private String Latitude="";
private String Longitude="";
private String Precision="";
private String PicUrl="";
private String MediaId="";
private String Title="";
private String Description="";
private String Url="";
private String Location_X="";
private String Location_Y="";
private String Scale="";
private String Label="";
private String Content="";
private String Format="";
private String Recognition=""; public String getRecognition() {
return Recognition;
}
public void setRecognition(String recognition) {
Recognition = recognition;
}
public String getFormat() {
return Format;
}
public void setFormat(String format) {
Format = format;
}
public String getContent() {
return Content;
}
public void setContent(String content) {
Content = content;
}
public String getLocation_X() {
return Location_X;
}
public void setLocation_X(String locationX) {
Location_X = locationX;
}
public String getLocation_Y() {
return Location_Y;
}
public void setLocation_Y(String locationY) {
Location_Y = locationY;
}
public String getScale() {
return Scale;
}
public void setScale(String scale) {
Scale = scale;
}
public String getLabel() {
return Label;
}
public void setLabel(String label) {
Label = label;
}
public String getTitle() {
return Title;
}
public void setTitle(String title) {
Title = title;
}
public String getDescription() {
return Description;
}
public void setDescription(String description) {
Description = description;
}
public String getUrl() {
return Url;
}
public void setUrl(String url) {
Url = url;
}
public String getPicUrl() {
return PicUrl;
}
public void setPicUrl(String picUrl) {
PicUrl = picUrl;
}
public String getMediaId() {
return MediaId;
}
public void setMediaId(String mediaId) {
MediaId = mediaId;
}
public String getEventKey() {
return EventKey;
}
public void setEventKey(String eventKey) {
EventKey = eventKey;
}
public String getTicket() {
return Ticket;
}
public void setTicket(String ticket) {
Ticket = ticket;
}
public String getLatitude() {
return Latitude;
}
public void setLatitude(String latitude) {
Latitude = latitude;
}
public String getLongitude() {
return Longitude;
}
public void setLongitude(String longitude) {
Longitude = longitude;
}
public String getPrecision() {
return Precision;
}
public void setPrecision(String precision) {
Precision = precision;
}
public String getEvent() {
return Event;
}
public void setEvent(String event) {
Event = event;
}
public String getMsgId() {
return MsgId;
}
public void setMsgId(String msgId) {
MsgId = msgId;
}
public String getToUserName() {
return ToUserName;
}
public void setToUserName(String toUserName) {
ToUserName = toUserName;
}
public String getFromUserName() {
return FromUserName;
}
public void setFromUserName(String fromUserName) {
FromUserName = fromUserName;
}
public String getCreateTime() {
return CreateTime;
}
public void setCreateTime(String createTime) {
CreateTime = createTime;
}
public String getMsgType() {
return MsgType;
}
public void setMsgType(String msgType) {
MsgType = msgType;
}
}
package demo.process;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Iterator;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper;
import org.dom4j.Element; import demo.entity.ReceiveXmlEntity;
/**
* 解析接收到的微信xml,返回消息对象
* @author pamchen-1
*
*/
public class ReceiveXmlProcess {
/**
* 解析微信xml消息
* @param strXml
* @return
*/
public ReceiveXmlEntity getMsgEntity(String strXml){
ReceiveXmlEntity msg = null;
try {
if (strXml.length() <= 0 || strXml == null)
return null; // 将字符串转化为XML文档对象
Document document = DocumentHelper.parseText(strXml);
// 获得文档的根节点
Element root = document.getRootElement();
// 遍历根节点下全部子节点
Iterator<?> iter = root.elementIterator(); // 遍历全部结点
msg = new ReceiveXmlEntity();
//利用反射机制,调用set方法
//获取该实体的元类型
Class<?> c = Class.forName("demo.entity.ReceiveXmlEntity");
msg = (ReceiveXmlEntity)c.newInstance();//创建这个实体的对象 while(iter.hasNext()){
Element ele = (Element)iter.next();
//获取set方法中的參数字段(实体类的属性)
Field field = c.getDeclaredField(ele.getName());
//获取set方法,field.getType())获取它的參数数据类型
Method method = c.getDeclaredMethod("set"+ele.getName(), field.getType());
//调用set方法
method.invoke(msg, ele.getText());
}
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
System.out.println("xml 格式异常: "+ strXml);
e.printStackTrace();
}
return msg;
}
}

2.3
调用图灵机器人api接口,获取智能回复内容

package demo.process;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLEncoder; import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject; /**
* 调用图灵机器人api接口,获取智能回复内容
* @author pamchen-1
*
*/
public class TulingApiProcess {
/**
* 调用图灵机器人api接口,获取智能回复内容,解析获取自己所需结果
* @param content
* @return
*/
public String getTulingResult(String content){
/** 此处为图灵api接口,參数key须要自己去注冊申请,先以11111111取代 */
String apiUrl = "http://www.tuling123.com/openapi/api?key=11111111&info=";
String param = "";
try {
param = apiUrl+URLEncoder.encode(content,"utf-8");
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e1.printStackTrace();
} //将參数转为url编码 /** 发送httpget请求 */
HttpGet request = new HttpGet(param);
String result = "";
try {
HttpResponse response = HttpClients.createDefault().execute(request);
if(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()==200){
result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
}
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
/** 请求失败处理 */
if(null==result){
return "对不起,你说的话真是太高深了……";
} try {
JSONObject json = new JSONObject(result);
//以code=100000为例,參考图灵机器人api文档
if(100000==json.getInt("code")){
result = json.getString("text");
}
} catch (JSONException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
}

2.4 将结果封装为微信规定的xml格式,并返回给1.1中创建的servlet接口。

package demo.process;

import java.util.Date;
/**
* 封装终于的xml格式结果
* @author pamchen-1
*
*/
public class FormatXmlProcess {
/**
* 封装文字类的返回消息
* @param to
* @param from
* @param content
* @return
*/
public String formatXmlAnswer(String to, String from, String content) {
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
Date date = new Date();
sb.append("<xml><ToUserName><![CDATA[");
sb.append(to);
sb.append("]]></ToUserName><FromUserName><![CDATA[");
sb.append(from);
sb.append("]]></FromUserName><CreateTime>");
sb.append(date.getTime());
sb.append("</CreateTime><MsgType><![CDATA[text]]></MsgType><Content><![CDATA[");
sb.append(content);
sb.append("]]></Content><FuncFlag>0</FuncFlag></xml>");
return sb.toString();
}
}

总结,以上便是微信公众平台开发的所有流程,总体来看并不复杂,要很感谢图灵机器人提供的api接口,帮我们攻克了智能回复这一高难度问题。其它类型的消息处理与演示样例中类似,有兴趣的开发人员能够联系我进行交流学习,希望本文对大家有所帮助。

本问中的代码演示样例已经上传到了csdn的个人资源中,有须要的能够去下载:http://download.csdn.net/detail/pamchen/7793979

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