PCIe固态存储和HDD常见的硬盘性能对比测试

2022-05-24 00:00:49

2周测试后，导致以下结果

MySQL-OLTP测试结果：（50表。每个表1000广域网数据，1000个线程）

TPS：MySQL在PCIe固态存储上执行是在HDD上执行的5.63倍

writes：MySQL在PCIe固态存储上执行是在HDD上执行的5.58倍

reads：MySQL在PCIe固态存储上执行是在HDD上执行的5.55倍

Response_time：MySQL在PCIe固态存储上执行比在HDD上执行响应时间快44.45倍

Errors：MySQL在PCIe固态存储上执行是在HDD上执行错误率低83.5倍

随机IO測试结论：

PCIe固态存储随机读写IO处理能力是HDD随机读写IO处理能力的20倍

下面是具体測试过程

准备工作

操作系统：CentOS6.4 64位

D B：MySQL5.6.22 64位

硬盘：PCIe（Shannon Direct-IO 1.6TB）、HDD

測试工具：sysbench0.5

监控工具：zabix

一、安装sysbench 0.5

sysbench 0.5相比0.4版本号的主要变化是，oltp測试结合了lua脚本。不须要改动源代码，通过自己定义lua脚本就能够实现不同业务类型的測试。

同一时候0.5相比0.4须要消耗很多其它的cpu资源。

下载sysbench源代码包

原来官网 http://sysbench.sourceforge.net 已停用。眼下sysbench代码托管在launchpad上https://launchpad.net/sysbench

更新和安装依赖包

yum -y install gcc

yum -y install libtool

安装bzrclient

yum -y install bzr

在线获取0.5的版本号,#下载到当前文件夹,文件名称为: sysbench_0.5

bzr branch lp:sysbench

cd sysbench_0.5/

执行命令：./autogen.sh，对环境进行清理

./autogen.sh

./configure --with-mysql-includes=/usr/local/mysqla/include/ --with-mysql-libs=/usr/local/mysqla/lib/

# with-mysql-includes 指定MySQL安装文件夹

# with-mysql-libs 指定MySQL lib所在文件夹

make && make install

假设遇到下面错误

../libtool: line 841: X--tag=CC: command not found

../libtool: line 874: libtool: ignoring unknown tag : command not found

../libtool: line 841: X--mode=link: command not found

../libtool: line 1007: *** Warning: inferring the mode of operation is deprecated.: command not found

../libtool: line 1008: *** Future versions of Libtool will require --mode=MODE be specified.: command not found

../libtool: line 2234: X-g: command not found

../libtool: line 2234: X-O2: command not found

../libtool: line 1954: X-L/usr/local/mysqla/lib/: No such file or directory

../libtool: line 2403: Xsysbench: command not found

../libtool: line 2408: X: command not found

../libtool: line 2415: Xsysbench: command not found

../libtool: line 2550: X-lmysqlclient_r: command not found

../libtool: line 2550: X-lrt: command not found

../libtool: line 2550: X-lm: command not found

../libtool: line 2632: X-L/home/sysopt/src/sysbench-0.4.12/sysbench: No such file or directory

../libtool: line 2550: X-lmysqlclient_r: command not found

../libtool: line 2550: X-lrt: command not found

../libtool: line 2550: X-lm: command not found

../libtool: line 2632: X-L/home/sysopt/src/sysbench-0.4.12/sysbench: No such file or directory

../libtool: line 2550: X-lmysqlclient_r: command not found

../libtool: line 2550: X-lrt: command not found

../libtool: line 2550: X-lm: command not found

可能原因：

1、没装依赖包libtool

2、安装的版本号不正确（libtool版本号过旧）

3、其他原因

解决方法：

1、安装依赖包libtool

2、libtoo更新到新版本号

3、用autoreconf取代autogen.sh，方法例如以下:

autoreconf -i

configure

make

make install

成功安装后可通过help命令查看sysbench帮助

[root@localhost src]# sysbench --help

Missing required command argument.

Usage:

  sysbench [general-options]... --test=<test-name> [test-options]... command

General options:

  --num-threads=N             number of threads to use [1]#使用线程数量

  --max-requests=N            limit for total number of requests [10000]#请求数，默觉得10000

  --max-time=N                limit for total execution time in seconds [0]#执行时间。默觉得0表示表示不限制

  --forced-shutdown=STRING    amount of time to wait after --max-time before forcing shutdown [off]

  --thread-stack-size=SIZE    size of stack per thread [64K]

  --tx-rate=N                 target transaction rate (tps) [0]

  --report-interval=N         periodically report intermediate statistics with a specified interval in seconds. 0 disables intermediate reports [0]#0.5的新增參数（默认值0,表示禁用该功能）在指定的时间间隔报告測试信息，<span style="font-size:12px;">不用等到执行结束时再得到反馈</span>

  --report-checkpoints=[LIST,...]dump full statistics and reset all counters at specified points in time. The argument is a list of comma-separated values representing the amount of time in seconds elapsed from start of test when report checkpoint(s) must be performed. Report checkpoints are off by default. []

  --test=STRING               test to run

  --debug=[on|off]            print more debugging info [off]

  --validate=[on|off]         perform validation checks where possible [off]

  --help=[on|off]             print help and exit

  --version=[on|off]          print version and exit [off]

  --rand-init=[on|off]        initialize random number generator [off]#初始化时生成随机的数据。默认关闭

  --rand-type=STRING          random numbers distribution {uniform,gaussian,special,pareto} [special]

  --rand-spec-iter=N          number of iterations used for numbers generation [12]

  --rand-spec-pct=N           percentage of values to be treated as 'special' (for special distribution) [1]

  --rand-spec-res=N           percentage of 'special' values to use (for special distribution) [75]

  --rand-seed=N               seed for random number generator, ignored when 0 [0]

  --rand-pareto-h=N           parameter h for pareto distibution [0.2]

Log options:

  --verbosity=N      verbosity level {5 - debug, 0 - only critical messages} [3]

  --percentile=N      percentile rank of query response times to count [95]

Compiled-in tests:測试项目

  fileio - File I/O test   #磁盘IO測试

  cpu - CPU performance test  #CPU运算性能

  memory - Memory functions speed test #内存分配及传输速度

  threads - Threads subsystem performance test #POSIX线程性能

  mutex - Mutex performance test #相互排斥性能測试

Commands: prepare run cleanup help version

See 'sysbench --test=<name> help' for a list of options for each test.

二、測试

1.MySQL-OLTP測试

数据准备

[root@localhost sysbench_0.5]# sysbench --mysql-db=sbtest --num-threads=24 --mysql-engine-trx=yes --mysql-table-engine=innodb --rand-type=special --mysql-host=localhost --mysql-port=3307 --mysql-user=root --mysql-password= --mysql-socket=/data1/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
--test=sysbench/tests/db/oltp.lua --oltp_tables_count=50 --oltp-table-size=10000000 --rand-init=on prepare

參数说明：

--mysql-db：指定在哪个数据库创建測试表。默觉得sbtest库，须要提前创建好

--num-threads：使用多线程创建多表，节省准备时间

--mysql-engine-trx=yes 支持事务

--mysql-table-engine：指定存储引擎，如myisam。innodb，heap，ndbcluster，bdb，maria，falcon，pbxt 默认InnoDB

--test=tests/db/oltp.lua 表示调用 tests/db/oltp.lua 脚本进行 oltp 模式測试

--oltp_tables_count=10 表示会生成 10 个測试表

--oltp-table-size=1000000 表示每一个測试表填充数据量为 1000000

--db-driver：指定驱动，默觉得Mysql

--rand-init=on 表示每一个測试表都是用随机数据来填充的

#使用1000个线程開始測试，读写模式。

模拟对50个表并发OLTP測试，每一个表1000万行记录，持续压測时间为 1小时

[root@localhost sysbench_0.5]# sysbench --mysql-engine-trx=yes --mysql-table-engine=innodb --mysql-host=localhost --mysql-port=3307 --mysql-user=root --mysql-password= --mysql-socket=/data1/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --test=sysbench/tests/db/oltp.lua --oltp_tables_count=50
--oltp-table-size=100000000 --num-threads=1000 --oltp-read-only=off --report-interval=10 --rand-type=uniform --max-time=3600 --max-requests=0 --percentile=95 run >>/data1/sysbench-rw.txt

參数说明

--oltp-read-only=off 表示不要进行仅仅读測试，也就是会採用读写混合模式測试

--report-interval=10 表示每10秒输出一次測试进度报告

--rand-type=uniform：数据分布模式，special表示存在热点数据，uniform表示非热点数据模式: uniform(固定),gaussian(高斯),special(特定的),pareto(帕累托)

--max-time=3600 表示最大运行时长为 3600秒

--max-requests=0 表示总请求数为 0，由于上面已经定义了总运行时长，所以总请求数能够设定为 0；也能够仅仅设定总请求数，不设定最大运行时长

--percentile=95 表示设定採样比例。默认是 95%，即丢弃5%的长请求。在剩余的95%里取最大值

可选參数：

--oltp-point-selects：在一个事务里面Point select的数量，默觉得10

--oltp-range-size：range查询的范围大小。默认100。应该小于oltp-table-size

--oltp-simple-ranges：在一个事务里面简单range查询的数量，默认1

--oltp-sum-ranges：在一个事务里面SUM range查询的数量，默认1

--oltp-order-ranges：在一个事务里面ORDER range查询的数量。默认1

--oltp-distinct-ranges：在一个事务里面DISTINCT range查询的数量，默认1

注意：我这里将測试中输出信息存放到一个文本文件中。便于用监控展示成图表形式，这样更直观

监控结果：

PCIe固态存储-IO

HDD-IO

PCIe固态存储-TPS

HDD-TPS

PCIe固态存储-writes

HDD-Writes

PCIe固态存储-reads

HDD-Reads

PCIe固态存储-Response-time

HDD-Response_time

PCIe固态存储-errors

HDD-Errors

结论：（监控參数同样的情况下--oltp_tables_count=50 --oltp-table-size=100000000 --num-threads=1000 --oltp-read-only=off --rand-type=uniform ）

TPS：MySQL在PCIe固态存储上执行是在HDD上执行的5.63倍

writes：MySQL在PCIe固态存储上执行是在HDD上执行的5.58倍

reads：MySQL在PCIe固态存储上执行是在HDD上执行的5.55倍

Response_time：MySQL在PCIe固态存储上执行比在HDD上执行响应时间快44.45倍

Errors：MySQL在PCIe固态存储上执行是在HDD上执行错误率低83.5倍

2、随机IO測试（这里就不再上图了）

数据准备（创建70G文件）注意：文件大小须要大于内存大小

sysbench --test=fileio --file-total-size=70G --file-test-mode=rndrw --init-rng=on --max-time=300 --max-requests=0 prepare

測试阶段

sysbench --test=fileio --file-total-size=70G --file-test-mode=rndrw --init-rng=on --max-time=300 --max-requests=0 run

清楚測试数据

sysbench --test=fileio --file-total-size=70G --file-test-mode=rndrw --init-rng=on --max-time=300 --max-requests=0 clean

随机读写混合

PCIe固态存储

Operations performed: 1789098 reads, 1192732 writes, 3816704 Other= 6798534 Total

Read 27.299Gb Written 18.2Gb Total transferred 45.499Gb (155.3Mb/sec)

9939.43 Requests/sec executed

General statistics:

total time: 300.0001s

total number of events: 2981830

total time taken by event execution: 214.9376s

response time:

min: 0.00ms

avg: 0.07ms

max: 7.26ms

approx. 95 percentile: 0.23ms

Threads fairness:

events (avg/stddev): 2981830.0000/0.00

execution time (avg/stddev): 214.9376/0.00

HDD

Operations performed: 85851 reads, 57234 writes, 183040 Other =326125 Total

Read 1.31Gb Written 894.28Mb Totaltransferred 2.1833Gb (7.4523Mb/sec)

476.95 Requests/sec executed

General statistics:

total time: 300.0024s

total number of events: 143085

total time taken by event execution: 291.8164s

response time:

min: 0.01ms

avg: 2.04ms

max: 170.33ms

approx. 95 percentile: 5.22ms

Threads fairness:

events (avg/stddev): 143085.0000/0.00

execution time (avg/stddev): 291.8164/0.00

随机写

PCIe固态存储

Operations performed: 0 reads, 10441500 writes, 13365074 Other =23806574 Total

Read 0b Written 159.32Gb Totaltransferred 159.32Gb (271.91Mb/sec)

17402.24 Requests/sec executed

General statistics:

total time: 600.0090s

total number of events: 10441500

total time taken by event execution: 168.8168s

response time:

min: 0.00ms

avg: 0.02ms

max: 0.71ms

approx. 95 percentile: 0.02ms

Threads fairness:

events (avg/stddev): 10441500.0000/0.00

execution time(avg/stddev): 168.8168/0.00

HDD

Operationsperformed: 0 reads, 427200 writes,546689 Other = 973889 Total

Read 0b Written 6.5186Gb Total transferred 6.5186Gb (11.125Mb/sec)

712.00 Requests/sec executed

Generalstatistics:

total time: 600.0002s

total number of events: 427200

total time taken by event execution:10.5053s

response time:

min: 0.01ms

avg: 0.02ms

max: 29.30ms

approx. 95 percentile: 0.03ms

Threadsfairness:

events (avg/stddev): 427200.0000/0.00

execution time (avg/stddev): 10.5053/0.00

随机读

PCIe固态存储

Operationsperformed: 3898994 reads, 0 writes, 0Other = 3898994 Total

Read59.494Gb Written 0b Total transferred 59.494Gb (203.07Mb/sec)

12996.64Requests/sec executed

Generalstatistics:

total time: 300.0001s

total number of events: 3898994

total time taken by event execution:294.7603s

response time:

min: 0.00ms

avg: 0.08ms

max: 30.09ms

approx. 95 percentile: 0.24ms

Threadsfairness:

events (avg/stddev): 3898994.0000/0.00

execution time (avg/stddev): 294.7603/0.00

HDD

Operationsperformed: 131643 reads, 0 writes, 0Other = 131643 Total

Read2.0087Gb Written 0b Total transferred 2.0087Gb (6.8564Mb/sec)

438.81 Requests/sec executed

Generalstatistics:

total time: 300.0014s

total number of events: 131643

total time taken by event execution:299.7703s

response time:

min: 0.00ms

avg: 2.28ms

max: 121.94ms

approx. 95 percentile: 5.34ms

Threadsfairness:

events (avg/stddev): 131643.0000/0.00

execution time (avg/stddev): 299.7703/0.00

结论：

PCIe固态存储随机读写IO处理能力是HDD随机读写IO处理能力的20倍

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