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一、【GOF23设计模式】_单例模式、应用场景、饿汉式、懒汉式
1、GOF23设计模式
2、单例模式
3、饿汉式
1 package com.test.singleton;
2 /**
3 * 测试饿汉式单例模式
4 */
5 public class SingletonDemo01 {
6
7 //类初始化时,立即加载这个对象(没有延时加载的优势)。加载类时,天然的是线程安全的!
8 private static SingletonDemo01 instance = new SingletonDemo01();
9
10 private SingletonDemo01(){//私有化构造器
11 }
12
13 //方法不用同步,调用效率高!
14 public static SingletonDemo01 getInstance(){
15 return instance;
16 }
17 }
4、懒汉式
1 package com.test.singleton;
2 /**
3 * 测试懒汉式单例模式
4 */
5 public class SingletonDemo02 {
6
7 //类初始化时,不初始化这个对象(延时加载,真正用的时候再创建)
8 private static SingletonDemo02 instance;
9
10 private SingletonDemo02(){//私有化构造器
11 }
12
13 //方法同步,调用效率低!
14 public static synchronized SingletonDemo02 getInstance(){
15 if(null==instance){
16 instance = new SingletonDemo02();
17 }
18 return instance;
19 }
20 }
二、【GOF23设计模式】_单例模式、双重检查锁式、静态内部类式、枚举式、UML类图
双重检测锁实现
1 package com.test.singleton;
2 /**
3 * 测试双重检测锁式单例模式
4 */
5 public class SingletonDemo03 {
6
7 //类初始化时,不初始化这个对象(延时加载,真正用的时候再创建)
8 private static SingletonDemo03 instance;
9
10 private SingletonDemo03(){//私有化构造器
11 }
12
13 //调用效率低!
14 public static SingletonDemo03 getInstance(){
15 if(null==instance){
16 SingletonDemo03 sc;
17 synchronized(SingletonDemo03.class){
18 sc = instance;
19 if(null==sc){
20 synchronized (SingletonDemo03.class) {
21 if(null==sc){
22 sc = new SingletonDemo03();
23 }
24 }
25 instance = sc;
26 }
27 }
28 }
29 return instance;
30 }
31 }
静态内部类实现
1 package com.test.singleton;
2 /**
3 * 测试静态内部类实现单例模式
4 * 这种方式:线程安全,调用效率高,并且实现了延时加载!
5 */
6 public class SingletonDemo04 {
7
8 private static class SingletonClassInstance {
9 private static final SingletonDemo04 instance = new SingletonDemo04();
10 }
11
12 private SingletonDemo04(){//私有化构造器
13 }
14
15 //方法没有同步,调用效率高!
16 public static SingletonDemo04 getInstance(){
17 return SingletonClassInstance.instance;
18 }
19 }
枚举实现
1 package com.test.singleton;
2 /**
3 * 测试枚举式实现单例模式(没有延时加载)
4 */
5 public enum SingletonDemo05 {
6
7 //这个枚举元素,本身就是单例对象!
8 INSTANCE;
9
10 //添加自己需要的操作!
11 public void singletonOperation(){
12 }
13 }
1 package com.test.singleton;
2
3 public class Client {
4 public static void main(String[] args) {
5 SingletonDemo01 s1 = SingletonDemo01.getInstance();
6 SingletonDemo01 s2 = SingletonDemo01.getInstance();
7 System.out.println(s1==s2);//true
8
9 SingletonDemo03 s3 = SingletonDemo03.getInstance();
10 SingletonDemo03 s4 = SingletonDemo03.getInstance();
11 System.out.println(s3==s4);//true
12
13 System.out.println(SingletonDemo05.INSTANCE==SingletonDemo05.INSTANCE);//true
14 }
15 }
五种单例模式实现
三、【GOF23设计模式】_单例模式、反射和反序列化漏洞和解决方案、多线程环境测试、CountDownLatch同步类的使用
1 package com.test.singleton;
2
3 import java.io.FileInputStream;
4 import java.io.FileOutputStream;
5 import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
6 import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
7 import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
8
9 /**
10 * 测试反射和反序列化破解单例模式
11 */
12 public class Client2 {
13 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
14 SingletonDemo06 s1 = SingletonDemo06.getInstance();
15 SingletonDemo06 s2 = SingletonDemo06.getInstance();
16 System.out.println(s1);
17 System.out.println(s2);
18
19 //通过反射的方式直接调用私有构造器
20 /* Class<SingletonDemo06> clazz = (Class<SingletonDemo06>) Class.forName("com.test.singleton.SingletonDemo06");
21 Constructor<SingletonDemo06> c = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor(null);
22 c.setAccessible(true);//访问私有,破解单例
23 SingletonDemo06 s3 = c.newInstance();
24 SingletonDemo06 s4 = c.newInstance();
25 System.out.println(s3);//SingletonDemo06的私有构造器中加了代码防止破解
26 System.out.println(s4);*/
27
28 //通过反序列化的方式构造多个对象
29 FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("g:/java/test/a.txt");
30 ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(fos);
31 oos.writeObject(s1);
32 oos.close();
33 fos.close();
34
35 ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("g:/java/test/a.txt"));
36 SingletonDemo06 s3 = (SingletonDemo06) ois.readObject();
37 System.out.println(s3);//SingletonDemo06定义了readResolve()防止破解
38 }
39 }
1 package com.test.singleton;
2
3 import java.io.ObjectStreamException;
4 import java.io.Serializable;
5
6 /**
7 * 测试懒汉式单例模式(如何防止反射和反序列化漏洞)
8 */
9 public class SingletonDemo06 implements Serializable{
10
11 //类初始化时,不初始化这个对象(延时加载,真正用的时候再创建)
12 private static SingletonDemo06 instance;
13
14 private SingletonDemo06(){//私有化构造器
15 if(instance!=null){//防止反射破解单例(对象.setAccessible(true);)
16 throw new RuntimeException();
17 }
18 }
19
20 //方法同步,调用效率低!
21 public static synchronized SingletonDemo06 getInstance(){
22 if(null==instance){
23 instance = new SingletonDemo06();
24 }
25 return instance;
26 }
27
28 //反序列化时,如果定义了readResolve()则直接返回此方法指定的对象。而不需要单独再创建新对象!
29 private Object readResolve() throws ObjectStreamException{
30 return instance;
31 }
32 }
1 package com.test.singleton;
2
3 import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
4
5 /**
6 * 测试多线程环境下五种创建单例模式的效率
7 */
8 public class Client3 {
9 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
10
11 int threadNum = 10;
12 final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(threadNum);
13
14 long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
15 for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
16 new Thread(new Runnable(){
17 @Override
18 public void run() {
19 for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {
20 Object o = SingletonDemo01.getInstance();//分别测试几种单例模式的效率
21 //Object o = SingletonDemo05.INSTANCE;
22 }
23
24 countDownLatch.countDown();//计数器减1
25 }
26 }).start();
27 }
28
29 countDownLatch.await();//main线程阻塞,直到计数器变为0,才会继续往下执行!
30
31 long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
32 System.out.println("总耗时:" + (end-start));
33 }
34 }