升级linux内核(2.6.32->3.10.81)，安装docker

2023-08-02 14:12:04

1.内核升级环境准备

#查看已经安装的和未安装的软件包组，来判断我们是否安装了相应的开发环境和开发库； yum grouplist #一般是安装这两个软件包组，这样做会确定你拥有编译时所需的一切工具 yum groupinstall "Development Tools" #你必须这样才能让 make *config 这个指令正确地执行 yum install ncurses-devel #如果你没有 X 环境，这一条可以不用 yum install qt-devel #创建 CentOS-6 内核时需要它们 yum install hmaccalc zlib-devel binutils-devel elfutils-libelf-devel

2.开始升级内核：

 cd /usr/src/linux-3.10.81

 #复制原内核配置

 cp /boot/config-2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64 .config

 vim .config

 /*将如下内容 追加入.config 并保存

    CONFIG_NF_NAT_IPV4=y

    CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_MASQUERADE=y

    CONFIG_NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_ADDRTYPE=y

    CONFIG_MEMCG_SWAP=y

    CONFIG_MEMCG_SWAP_ENABLED=y

    CONFIG_AUFS_FS=y

    CONFIG_DM_THIN_PROVISIONING=y

    CONFIG_OVERLAY_FS=y

    CONFIG_CGROUP_PERF=y

    CONFIG_CFS_BANDWIDTH=y

    HYPERVISOR_GUEST=y

    CONFIG_VMWARE_BALLOON=m

 */

 #编辑内核配置，开启内核CGROUP支持

 make menuconfig

 #选择General setup-->Control Group support->Memory Resource Controller for Control Groups选中

 #自动整理.config

 sh -c 'yes "" | make oldconfig'

 #编译并安装内核(j8代表8个线程同时编译，请根据你的机器情况设置）

 make -j8 bzImage && make -j8 modules && make -j8 modules_install && make install

 vim /etc/grub.conf

 修改default=0保存。即选择从你新编译的内核启动linux。

 #重启

 reboot 

 #注意：重新编译内核请运行

 cd /usr/src/linux-3.10.81

 make mrproper

 make clean

3.安装docker

#启动后

uname -r

返回3.10.81表示内核安装并启动成功

#rehl的docker安装说明https://docs.docker.com/installation/rhel/

#如下是安装说明的简化：

#a.下载docker的rpm

wget https://get.docker.com/rpm/1.7.0/centos-6/RPMS/x86_64/docker-engine-1.7.0-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

#本地安装rpm包

 sudo yum localinstall --nogpgcheck docker-engine-1.7.0-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

#启动docker服务

sudo service docker start 这里等价于docker -d 

#如果要追加参数请修改/etc/sysconfig/docker 这个文件 如：加入other_args=" -s vfs"

-s 是指定使用的文件系统，默认是devicemapper 也可以是vfs 或aufs(ubuntu的）

我的在这里使用默认的devicemapper没有启动成功。请看FAQ#

#运行docker的最简镜像

docker run hello-world

#docker image/ps/search/pull 等等正常就成功了

#登入容器

docker exec -ti 26723dc2509a /bin/bash

4.FAQ有两个问题还没有解决

ERRO[0000] [graphdriver] prior storage driver "devicemapper" failed: exit status 1

FATA[0000] Error starting daemon: error initializing graphdriver: exit status 1

出现上述错误有如下解决办法！

*1. yum upgrade device-mapper-libs 再次启动看是否可以

2. 使用另一种文件系统试一下如：docker -d -s vfs 默认是devicemapper系统 还可以使用aufs

3.#至此如果还是没有启动docker-daemon守护服务，那就用下面的方法把docker版本降低试下*。

*并在/etc/yum.repos.d/hop5.repo中添加yum源内容*

[hop5]

name=www.hop5.in Centos Repository

baseurl=http://www.hop5.in/yum/el6/

gpgcheck=0

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-HOP5

保存并更新cache

yum makecache

安装docker-io

yum install docker-io

再次运行

docker -d

成功！

**上面第3步，启动docker-daemon不成功，可能是我的线上机器是虚拟机的问题所以加上 -s vfs 就启动成功了。**

##宿主机不能正常ping容器的ip

注意宿主（host)的iptables设置。

##ip netns “Object "netns" is unknown, try "ip help".\n'”报错错误 请安装如下包:

wget https://repos.fedorapeople.org/openstack/EOL/openstack-grizzly/epel-6/iproute-2.6.32-130.el6ost.netns.2.x86_64.rpm

5.安装aufs文件系统

cd /etc/yum.repos.d
wget http://www.hop5.in/yum/el6/hop5.repo
yum install kernel-ml-aufs
docker -d -s aufs #使用aufs文件系统启动docker服务

快速安装方法

sudo yum install -y http://vault.centos.org/6.6/os/x86_64/Packages/device-mapper-libs-1.02.90-2.el6.x86_64.rpm http://vault.centos.org/6.6/os/x86_64/Packages/device-mapper-1.02.90-2.el6.x86_64.rpm http://vault.centos.org/6.6/os/x86_64/Packages/device-mapper-event-1.02.90-2.el6.x86_64.rpm http://vault.centos.org/6.6/os/x86_64/Packages/device-mapper-event-libs-1.02.90-2.el6.x86_64.rpm https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/testing/6/x86_64/docker-io-1.6.2-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

更多参考：http://dirlt.com/docker.html

示例：
启动容器：docker run -d ubuntu /bin/sh -c “while true; do echo hello world; sleep 2; done”
容器里执行：docker exec ubuntu /bin/sh -c “ls /;”

更简单的升级内核方法，经测试成功！

这里通过yum快速升级CentOS 6.x内核到3.10：

# rpm -ivh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-6-5.el6.elrepo.noarch.rpm

# yum --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install kernel-lt -y

在grub.conf中确认装好的内核在哪个位置：

# vi /etc/grub.conf

default=0

重启系统，后查看内核信息：

# uname -r

3.10.65-1.el6.elrepo.x86_64

检查docker依赖环境的脚本check-config.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash

set -e

# bits of this were adapted from lxc-checkconfig

# see also https://github.com/lxc/lxc/blob/lxc-1.0.2/src/lxc/lxc-checkconfig.in

possibleConfigs=(

    '/proc/config.gz'

    "/boot/config-$(uname -r)"

    "/usr/src/linux-$(uname -r)/.config"

    '/usr/src/linux/.config'

)

if [ $# -gt 0 ]; then

    CONFIG="$1"

else

    : ${CONFIG:="${possibleConfigs[0]}"}

fi

if ! command -v zgrep &> /dev/null; then

    zgrep() {

        zcat "$2" | grep "$1"

    }

fi

is_set() {

    zgrep "CONFIG_$1=[y|m]" "$CONFIG" > /dev/null

}

# see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code#Colors

declare -A colors=(

    [black]=30

    [red]=31

    [green]=32

    [yellow]=33

    [blue]=34

    [magenta]=35

    [cyan]=36

    [white]=37

)

color() {

    color=()

    if [ "$1" = 'bold' ]; then

        color+=( '1' )

        shift

    fi

    if [ $# -gt 0 ] && [ "${colors[$1]}" ]; then

        color+=( "${colors[$1]}" )

    fi

    local IFS=';'

    echo -en '\033['"${color[*]}"m

}

wrap_color() {

    text="$1"

    shift

    color "$@"

    echo -n "$text"

    color reset

    echo

}

wrap_good() {

    echo "$(wrap_color "$1" white): $(wrap_color "$2" green)"

}

wrap_bad() {

    echo "$(wrap_color "$1" bold): $(wrap_color "$2" bold red)"

}

wrap_warning() {

    wrap_color >&2 "$*" red

}

check_flag() {

    if is_set "$1"; then

        wrap_good "CONFIG_$1" 'enabled'

    else

        wrap_bad "CONFIG_$1" 'missing'

    fi

}

check_flags() {

    for flag in "$@"; do

        echo "- $(check_flag "$flag")"

    done

}

if [ ! -e "$CONFIG" ]; then

    wrap_warning "warning: $CONFIG does not exist, searching other paths for kernel config..."

    for tryConfig in "${possibleConfigs[@]}"; do

        if [ -e "$tryConfig" ]; then

            CONFIG="$tryConfig"

            break

        fi

    done

    if [ ! -e "$CONFIG" ]; then

        wrap_warning "error: cannot find kernel config"

        wrap_warning "  try running this script again, specifying the kernel config:"

        wrap_warning "    CONFIG=/path/to/kernel/.config $0 or $0 /path/to/kernel/.config"

        exit 1

    fi

fi

wrap_color "info: reading kernel config from $CONFIG ..." white

echo

echo 'Generally Necessary:'

echo -n '- '

cgroupSubsystemDir="$(awk '/[, ](cpu|cpuacct|cpuset|devices|freezer|memory)[, ]/ && $3 == "cgroup" { print $2 }' /proc/mounts | head -n1)"

cgroupDir="$(dirname "$cgroupSubsystemDir")"

if [ -d "$cgroupDir/cpu" -o -d "$cgroupDir/cpuacct" -o -d "$cgroupDir/cpuset" -o -d "$cgroupDir/devices" -o -d "$cgroupDir/freezer" -o -d "$cgroupDir/memory" ]; then

    echo "$(wrap_good 'cgroup hierarchy' 'properly mounted') [$cgroupDir]"

else

    if [ "$cgroupSubsystemDir" ]; then

        echo "$(wrap_bad 'cgroup hierarchy' 'single mountpoint!') [$cgroupSubsystemDir]"

    else

        echo "$(wrap_bad 'cgroup hierarchy' 'nonexistent??')"

    fi

    echo "    $(wrap_color '(see https://github.com/tianon/cgroupfs-mount)' yellow)"

fi

if [ "$(cat /sys/module/apparmor/parameters/enabled 2>/dev/null)" = 'Y' ]; then

    echo -n '- '

    if command -v apparmor_parser &> /dev/null; then

        echo "$(wrap_good 'apparmor' 'enabled and tools installed')"

    else

        echo "$(wrap_bad 'apparmor' 'enabled, but apparmor_parser missing')"

        echo -n '    '

        if command -v apt-get &> /dev/null; then

            echo "$(wrap_color '(use "apt-get install apparmor" to fix this)')"

        elif command -v yum &> /dev/null; then

            echo "$(wrap_color '(your best bet is "yum install apparmor-parser")')"

        else

            echo "$(wrap_color '(look for an "apparmor" package for your distribution)')"

        fi

    fi

fi

flags=(

    NAMESPACES {NET,PID,IPC,UTS}_NS

    DEVPTS_MULTIPLE_INSTANCES

    CGROUPS CGROUP_CPUACCT CGROUP_DEVICE CGROUP_FREEZER CGROUP_SCHED CPUSETS

    MACVLAN VETH BRIDGE

    NF_NAT_IPV4 IP_NF_FILTER IP_NF_TARGET_MASQUERADE

    NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_{ADDRTYPE,CONNTRACK}

    NF_NAT NF_NAT_NEEDED

    # required for bind-mounting /dev/mqueue into containers

    POSIX_MQUEUE

)

check_flags "${flags[@]}"

echo

echo 'Optional Features:'

{

    check_flags MEMCG_SWAP

    check_flags MEMCG_SWAP_ENABLED

    if  is_set MEMCG_SWAP && ! is_set MEMCG_SWAP_ENABLED; then

        echo "    $(wrap_color '(note that cgroup swap accounting is not enabled in your kernel config, you can enable it by setting boot option "swapaccount=1")' bold black)"

    fi

}

flags=(

    RESOURCE_COUNTERS

    CGROUP_PERF

    CFS_BANDWIDTH

)

check_flags "${flags[@]}"

echo '- Storage Drivers:'

{

    echo '- "'$(wrap_color 'aufs' blue)'":'

    check_flags AUFS_FS | sed 's/^/  /'

    if ! is_set AUFS_FS && grep -q aufs /proc/filesystems; then

        echo "    $(wrap_color '(note that some kernels include AUFS patches but not the AUFS_FS flag)' bold black)"

    fi

    check_flags EXT4_FS_POSIX_ACL EXT4_FS_SECURITY | sed 's/^/  /'

    echo '- "'$(wrap_color 'btrfs' blue)'":'

    check_flags BTRFS_FS | sed 's/^/  /'

    echo '- "'$(wrap_color 'devicemapper' blue)'":'

    check_flags BLK_DEV_DM DM_THIN_PROVISIONING EXT4_FS EXT4_FS_POSIX_ACL EXT4_FS_SECURITY | sed 's/^/  /'

    echo '- "'$(wrap_color 'overlay' blue)'":'

    check_flags OVERLAY_FS EXT4_FS_SECURITY EXT4_FS_POSIX_ACL | sed 's/^/  /'

} | sed 's/^/  /'

echo

#echo 'Potential Future Features:'

#check_flags USER_NS

#echo

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