Vagrant是一种开源软件，它为跨众多操作系统构建可重复的开发环境提供了一种方法。Vagrant使用提供者(provider)来启动隔离的虚拟环境。默认的提供者是Virtualbox
Vagrant ( http://www.vagrantup.com/ ) is a powerful development tool, which
lets you manage and support the virtualization of your development environment.
Instead of running all your projects locally on your own computer, having to juggle
the different requirements and dependencies of each project, Vagrant lets you run
each project in its own dedicated virtual environment.
Vagrant uses Providers to integrate with the third-party virtualization software,
which provides the virtualized machines for our development environment. The
default provider is for Oracle's VirtualBox however, there are providers to work
with Amazon Web Services and VMware Fusion. The entire configuration is stored
in simple plain text files. The Vagrant configuration (Vagrantfile), Puppet, and Chef
manifests are simply written in text files in a Ruby Domain Specific Language. This
means we can easily share the configurations and projects with colleagues, using
Version Control Systems such as Git or Subversion.
Docker vs Vagrant
http://*.com/questions/16647069/should-i-use-vagrant-or-docker-for-creating-an-isolated-environment
http://ju.outofmemory.cn/entry/52470
vagrant可以帮助用户管理/部署虚拟机的程序。docker是一个帮助用户创建/运行/管理基于lxc的linux container的程序。coreos是一个专门为运行linux container而设计的发行版。
安装和使用
https://atlas.hashicorp.com/boxes/search
https://docs.vagrantup.com/v2/providers/ VMWare和Virtualbox等各种提供者
Vagrant can be installed on Linux, Windows, and Mac OS X, and although it
uses Ruby, the package includes an embedded Ruby interpreter. The only other
requirement is a virtualization tool such as Oracle's VirtualBox. The Oracle's
VirtualBox provider is available for free, and is included built-in with Vagrant
http://downloads.vagrantup.com
Each virtual machine starts with what Vagrant calls a base box. This is a specially
packaged version of an operating system with some specific configurations in
place. The number of configurations and packages installed on this packaged
operating system is typically minimal (containing only a few tools which allow it
to communicate with Vagrant).
初始化
Ubuntu的几个box
Ubuntu10
• Lucid32 is available at http://files.vagrantup.com/lucid32.box
• Lucid64 is available at http://files.vagrantup.com/lucid64.box
Ubuntu12
• Precise32 is available at http://files.vagrantup.com/precise32.box
• Precise64 is available at http://files.vagrantup.com/precise64.box
Ubutnu14
vagrant init ubuntu/trusty64; vagrant up --provider virtualbox
vagrant init precise64 http://files.vagrantup.com/precise64.box
Vagrantfile生成[ruby]
vagrant init base64
vagrant init
vagrant box add <name> <url> [--provider provider] [--force]
Powering up
vagrant up
Vagrant will then perform the following:
• Copy the base box
• Create a new virtual machine with the relevant provider (the default
being VirtualBox)
• Forward any configured ports; by default, it will forward port 22 (SSH) on
the VM to port 2222 on the host; this will allow us to connect to the VM
• Boot (power up) the VM
• Configure and enable networking, so that we can communicate with the VM
• Map shared folders between the host and the guest (by default, it will map
the folder containing the Vagrant project to /vagrant on the guest machine)
• Run any provisioning tools that are set up such as Puppet, Chef, or
SSH provisioning
vagrant suspend
vagrant resume
vagrant halt
vagrant destroy
vagrant ssh
和HOST机器共享
Port forwarding
Vagrantfile 文件中进行端口映射
config.vm.network :forwarded_port, guest: 80, host: 8888
Synced folders
config.vm.synced_folder "/Users/michael/assets/" "/var/www/assets"
The first parameter is the path to the folder on our machine, the second being the
mount point on the VM.
Networking
config.vm.network :private_network, ip: "192.168.1.100"
Auto-running commands
config.vm.provision :shell, :inline => "sudo apt-get update"
config.vm.provision :shell, :path => "provision.sh" (the location of the
script specified is relative to our project root, that is, /vagrant )
Provisioning
Puppet modules
http://docs.puppetlabs.com/references/latest/type.html
http://forge.puppetlabs.com/
puppet apply --modulepath=/home/michael/provision/modules /home/michael/provision/manifests/default.pp
独立运行模式
config.vm.provision :puppet do |puppet|
puppet.manifests_path = "provision/manifests"
puppet.manifest_file = "default.pp"
puppet.module_path = "provision/modules"
end
client/server模式
config.vm.provision :puppet_server do |puppet|
puppet.puppet_server = "puppet.internal.michaelpeacock.co.uk"
puppet.puppet_node = "vm.internal.michaelpeacock.co.uk"
end
SSH
config.vm.provision :shell, :path => "provision/setup.sh"
config.vm.provision :shell, :inline => "apt-get install apache2"
vagrant provision 命令可以重新进行provisioning
multiple virtual machines
Vagrantfile的配置
# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.define :server1 do |server1|
server1.vm.box = "precise64"
server1.vm.network :private_network, ip: "10.11.1.100"
end
config.vm.define :server2 do |server2|
server2.vm.box = "precise64"
server2.vm.network :private_network, ip: "10.11.1.101"
end
end
1. Power up the project ( vagrant up )
2. Connect to server1 ( vagrant ssh server1 )
3. Ping server2 from server1 ( ping 10.11.1.101
不同的配置
# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.define :server1 do |server1|
server1.vm.box = "precise64"
server1.vm.network :private_network, ip: "10.11.1.100"
server1.vm.provision :puppet do |puppet|
puppet.manifests_path = "provision/manifests"
puppet.manifest_file = "server1.pp"
puppet.module_path = "provision/modules"
end
end
config.vm.define :server2 do |server2|
server2.vm.box = "precise64"
server2.vm.network :private_network, ip: "10.11.1.101"
server2.vm.provision :puppet do |puppet|
puppet.manifests_path = "provision/manifests"
puppet.manifest_file = "server2.pp"
puppet.module_path = "provision/modules"
end
end
end
LAMP
|-- provision
| |-- manifests
| | -- init.pp
| -- modules
-- Vagrantfile
根下的Vagrantfile文件内容
# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.provision :shell, :inline => "apt-get update"
config.vm.box = "precise64"
config.vm.network :forwarded_port, guest: 80, host: 8080
config.vm.provision :puppet do |puppet|
puppet.manifests_path = "provision/manifests"
puppet.module_path = "provision/modules"
puppet.manifest_file = "default.pp"
end
end
目录provision下是Puppet使用的各模块的安装和配置文件
http://pan.baidu.com/s/1ntKFSVn#path=%252Fshare vagrant_lamp_stack.zip
建立自己的Box
1．安装VirtualBox虚拟机
a) 网络需要设置为NAT
b) 虚拟机名字：vagrant-ubuntu-raring
c) hostname : vagrant-ubuntu-raring
d) Domain: vagrantup.com
e) Root password: vagrant
f) Main account username: vagrant
g) Main account password: vagrant
h) install openssh-server
2．Install Guest Additions
a) sudo apt-get install linux-headers-$(uname -r) build-essential
b) sudo mount /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom
c) sudo sh /media/cdrom/VBoxLinuxAdditions.run
3．Vagrant authentication
a) sudo groupadd admin
b) sudo usermod -a -G admin vagrant
4．vi sudo 修改
a) %admin ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
b) Defaults env_keep="SSH_AUTH_SOCK"
c) #Default requiretty
5．ssh无秘码登陆
a) wget https://raw.github.com/mitchellh/vagrant/master/keys/vagrant.pub –o ~/.ssh/authorized_hosts
b) chmod 0644 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
6．Provisioners
a) sudo apt-get install puppet
b) Chef
- sudo apt-get install ruby ruby-dev libopenssl-ruby rdoc ri irb build-essential wget ssl-cert curl
- cd /tmp
- curl -O http://production.cf.rubygems.org/rubygems/rubygems-1.8.10.tgz
- tar zxf rubygems-1.8.10.tgz
- cd rubygems-1.8.10
- sudo ruby setup.rb --no-format-executable
- sudo gem install chef --no-ri --no-rdoc
7．Cleanup
a) rm –rf /tmp/*
b) sudo apt-get clean
8．Export
a) vagrant package --base vagrant-ubuntu-raring
b) website: http://docs.vagrantup.com/v2/cli/package.html
测试自己的box
$vagrant box add /../../my.box
$vagrant init my
$vagrant up
如上的过程就可建立自己的box
https://atlas.hashicorp.com/boxes/search 这里有很多开放的box